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Darwinism - Francis Marion University
Darwinism - Francis Marion University

... hundreds of miles off the west coast of South America. On these islands, birds had become flightless, tortoises had become giants, and lizards had taken to swimming and feeding in the sea. These unique animal adaptations, or characteristic features, bewildered both Darwin and Maturin. How (and why ...
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A Choose the most fit answer - GMCbiology

... Within a decade of the introduction of a new insecticide, nearly all of the descendants of the target pests were immune to the usual-sized dose. The most likely explanation for this immunity to the insecticide is that ____. a. eating the insecticide caused the insects to become resistant to it b. ea ...
EVOLUTION - Somers Public Schools
EVOLUTION - Somers Public Schools

... Sexual selection operates on factors that contribute to an organism's mating success. In many animals, sexual attractiveness is an important component of selection because it increases the likelihood of mating. Sexual selection rarely affects females, because the duration of pregnancy and infant car ...
2-2 Student IB Reading Comprehension Activity Guide
2-2 Student IB Reading Comprehension Activity Guide

... determined and no specific gene can be attributed to any specific behavior. (It cannot be said that ‘this gene makes this person more likely to be smarter or faster.’) The most prevalent way in which researchers study correlation of genetic inheritance and behavior is through __________ studies beca ...
Genetic Variation
Genetic Variation

... Natural Selection & Evolution • Natural selection is differential survival and reproduction. • Populations (not individuals) evolve. • Populations are defined as a group of interbreeding individuals of a single species that share a common geographic area. • Evolution is measured as the change in re ...
a17 HowPopEvolve
a17 HowPopEvolve

... Earth Process Are Constant and Have Been Going On For Billions of Years Lyell’s Gradualism or Uniformitarianism • The laws have science have not changed over time • Natural geological processes occurring today are the same ones that operated in the past • Natural process effect the earth gradually ...
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Senior 4 Biology - Manitoba Education

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Sample Test Questions -- Midterm 2 - People

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“The Sexual Brain” and Dawkins

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Hawaiian Origami Birds - University of Hawaii at Hilo

... Natural selection is also responsible for how unfavorable traits (not conducive for survival) become less common in the population. This process acts upon the phenotype or the morphological characteristics of an organism. Organisms that have favorable phenotypes that allow them to survive and reprod ...
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Title of Unit

... a. Explain that physical characteristics of organisms have changed over successive generations (e.g. Darwin’s finches and peppered moths of Manchester). b. Describe ways in which species on earth have evolved due to natural selection. c. Trace evidence that the fossil record found in sedimentary roc ...
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Sample Second Exam

... to its carrying capacity will add _______ individuals to the population in the next generation. a.) fewer b.) more c.) the same number of 33. Which of the following is a proximate explanation for male biased sex ratios? a.) more males are born to account for lower male survivorship b.) sperm with Y ...
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Challenges to Neo- Darwinism and Their Meaning

... Society, and among his grants and fellowships is the MacArthur Foundation Prize Fellowship ( 1981-86). ...
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Chapter 22 Guided Reading Notes and the MUST

... 2. Darwin studied fossils and saw that some organisms appeared while others disappeared and used that as support for evolution. How did the following two principles vary from that of Darwin’s? a. Catastrophism b. Uniformitarianism 3. How did Lamarck approach the idea of inherited traits? Explain. 4. ...
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Chapter 14

... than most people of his time believed. This was an important idea for Darwin. For in order to explain evolution—to even rec¬ ognize that evolution had occurred—it was essential for Dar¬ win to realize that the Earth was very old. The long periods of time it would have taken for millions of species t ...
Name: Date: Period: _____ Unit 10, Part 1 Notes – Evolution Basics
Name: Date: Period: _____ Unit 10, Part 1 Notes – Evolution Basics

... resulting in inherited favorable/successful characteristics (i.e. adaptations) becoming more common in later generations. Remember, evolution is defined as a change over time in the frequency of particular traits within a population. Therefore, natural selection, or the environment “selecting” parti ...
The Return of Hopeful Monsters
The Return of Hopeful Monsters

... Evolutionary Change"], Thomas Henry Huxley divided the two issues of natural selection and gradualism and warned Darwin that his strict and unwarranted adherence to gradualism might undermine his entire system. The fossil record with its abrupt transitions offers no support for gradual change, and t ...
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... humans changes a species by breeding it for certain traits a. Darwin compared what he learned about breeding to his idea of adaptation b. Said that in nature, environment creates selective pressure instead of humans in artificial selection ...
Chapter 10 PPT
Chapter 10 PPT

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Evolution Practice Exam KEY

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Chapter 10: Principles of Evolution
Chapter 10: Principles of Evolution

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Chapter 5.qxp
Chapter 5.qxp

... few genes or many? Can those genes be identified? And are the same genes involved in independent cases of adaptation to the same environment? Answering those questions is not easy. The main difficulty is that the increase in fitness arising from a beneficial mutation can be very small, making evolut ...
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Evolution Review for Biology

... Mutation creates new genetic variation in a gene pool. It is how all new alleles first arise. In sexually reproducing species, the mutations that matter for evolution are those that occur in gametes. Only these mutations can be passed to offspring. For any given gene, the chance of a mutation occurr ...
Natural Selection Notes
Natural Selection Notes

... discovered that the farmers had been using artificial selection for centuries. The farmers and ranchers never allowed their stock to reproduce on their own. Instead the farmers and ranchers always allowed their best plants and animals to reproduce, but did not allow the weak ones to reproduce. This ...
high gene flow
high gene flow

... sym/para-patric populations, whereas gene flow affects only sympatric populations. Thus, genetic divergence should be consistently greater for comparisons between allopatric populations. ...
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Inclusive fitness

In evolutionary biology inclusive fitness theory is a model for the evolution of social behaviors (traits), first set forward by W. D. Hamilton in 1963 and 1964. Instead of a trait's frequency increase being thought of only via its average effects on an organism's direct reproduction, Hamilton argued that its average effects on indirect reproduction, via identical copies of the trait in other individuals, also need to be taken into account. Hamilton's theory, alongside reciprocal altruism, is considered one of the two primary mechanisms for the evolution of social behaviors in natural species.From the gene's point of view, evolutionary success ultimately depends on leaving behind the maximum number of copies of itself in the population. Until 1964, it was generally believed that genes only achieved this by causing the individual to leave the maximum number of viable direct offspring. However, in 1964 W. D. Hamilton showed mathematically that, because other members of a population may share identical genes, a gene can also increase its evolutionary success by indirectly promoting the reproduction and survival of such individuals. The most obvious category of such individuals is close genetic relatives, and where these are concerned, the application of inclusive fitness theory is often more straightforwardly treated via the narrower kin selection theory.Belding's ground squirrel provides an example. The ground squirrel gives an alarm call to warn its local group of the presence of a predator. By emitting the alarm, it gives its own location away, putting itself in more danger. In the process, however, the squirrel may protect its relatives within the local group (along with the rest of the group). Therefore, if the effect of the trait influencing the alarm call typically protects the other squirrels in the immediate area, it will lead to the passing on of more of copies of the alarm call trait in the next generation than the squirrel could leave by reproducing on its own. In such a case natural selection will increase the trait that influences giving the alarm call, provided that a sufficient fraction of the shared genes include the gene(s) predisposing to the alarm call.Synalpheus regalis, a eusocial shrimp, also is an example of an organism whose social traits meet the inclusive fitness criterion. The larger defenders protect the young juveniles in the colony from outsiders. By ensuring the young's survival, the genes will continue to be passed on to future generations.Inclusive fitness is more generalized than strict kin selection, which requires that the shared genes are identical by descent. Inclusive fitness is not limited to cases where ""kin"" ('close genetic relatives') are involved.
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