Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Hologenome theory of evolution wikipedia , lookup
Mate choice wikipedia , lookup
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary mismatch wikipedia , lookup
Genetics and the Origin of Species wikipedia , lookup
Sexual selection wikipedia , lookup
Inclusive fitness wikipedia , lookup
NATURAL SELECTION Peppered Moths Simulation Peppered moths are a classic example of natural selection – and one of the first times scientists were able to observe and document the principle of Natural Selection in action. This web activity will help us see how natural selection works as different versions of a trait result in increased survival and reproduction of moths in different environments. Directions: 1. Go to http://peppermoths.weebly.com/ 2. Click on ‘Life Cycle of a Peppered Moth’ 3. Use arrow key to continue thru pages, answering questions below as you go. a. What are the predators of peppered moths? b. Why do moths sit on trees during the day? c. What does the moth wing pattern resemble? d. How do moth larvae (caterpillars) avoid predation? e. While most moths were light colored, describe the other color variations. 4. Click on “Pollution and Peppered Moths” a. While very rare in the early 1800’s, by the 1900, most moths were _________ b. What impact did the Industrial Revolution have on the trees surrounding the cities? c. What were 2 initial hypotheses about why the moths were now mostly dark? d. What was actually the cause of the dark moth’s appearance? 5. Click on ‘Dr. Kettlewell’s tests natural selection’ a. What does an entomologist study? b. In Kettlewell’s experiment, he captured, tagged, released, then recaptured moths. Which moths were most likely to survive in: a light forest – a dark forest – 6. Click on ‘Bird’s Eye View’ and complete 2 trials in dark forest and 2 trials in a light forest. Complete chart below. % light moths starting % dark % light moths moths – starting ending Light Forest Trial 1 Trial 2 Average Dark Forest Trial 1 Trial 2 Average 7. Analysis: Do your results match Kettlewell’s results? EXPLAIN. % dark mothsending Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection Skim section 15-1 then answer the following questions: 1. Who was Charles Darwin? 2. Where are the Galapagos Islands? 3. What did he notice about the organisms on the Galapagos Islands? 5 MAJOR PRINCIPLES (STEPS) OF NATURAL SELECTION 1. There is variation (differences) among offspring, caused mainly by genetic differences. 2. In nature there is an overproduction of offspring. Or, many more young are produced than are able to survive. 3. There is struggle for existence as organisms must compete for limited resources (such as food, space, etc). 4. There is differential survival and reproduction among organisms: individuals born with favorable variations (traits) that are better suited to their particular environment are more likely to survive and/or reproduce – passing on the favorable traits to their offspring (who pass it on to their offspring, who pass it on to their offspring, etc.) Other organisms die sooner and/or leave fewer offspring. 5. Population shift: over time, the population will be mostly made up of organisms with the favorable traits. Examples: apply the 5 major principles (steps) of natural selection to the following 2 examples: Peppered Moths Example: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Hummingbirds: Watch video clip #4 at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/educators/teachstuds/svideos.html 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.