Mexico
... carbon economy. The law also includes a regulatory framework in order to develop ways to mitigate and adapt to climate change, and encourages the transport sector to foster different strategies and programs to reduce emissions and achieve the modernization of the national fleet. The National Climate ...
... carbon economy. The law also includes a regulatory framework in order to develop ways to mitigate and adapt to climate change, and encourages the transport sector to foster different strategies and programs to reduce emissions and achieve the modernization of the national fleet. The National Climate ...
'Deciding our future in Copenhagen: will the world rise to the challenge of climate change?' (pdf)
... global emissions of greenhouse gases. In order to have a reasonable, around 50 per cent, chance of avoiding an increase in global average temperature that exceeds 2˚C above preindustrial levels, we must reduce annual worldwide emissions from the present level of just under 50 billion tonnes of carbo ...
... global emissions of greenhouse gases. In order to have a reasonable, around 50 per cent, chance of avoiding an increase in global average temperature that exceeds 2˚C above preindustrial levels, we must reduce annual worldwide emissions from the present level of just under 50 billion tonnes of carbo ...
Dubuque, Iowa Greenhouse Gas Inventory
... to have decreased slightly from 2003 to 2007, which follows national air quality improvements resulting largely from advances in industrial and emissions technologies. ...
... to have decreased slightly from 2003 to 2007, which follows national air quality improvements resulting largely from advances in industrial and emissions technologies. ...
HOW THE PALM OIL INDUSTRY IS
... agreement that will ideally lead to an international plan to deliver deep cuts in global GHG emissions, as an extension of the current Kyoto climate treaty. These climate negotiations are first steps toward international political measures to tackle deforestation. Meanwhile, global industry continue ...
... agreement that will ideally lead to an international plan to deliver deep cuts in global GHG emissions, as an extension of the current Kyoto climate treaty. These climate negotiations are first steps toward international political measures to tackle deforestation. Meanwhile, global industry continue ...
Improving the 5th UK carbon budget
... to reduce emissions. The Committee’s latest estimates for the ETS are 163 Mt lower in Budget 2, and 156 Mt lower in Budget 3. This means 319 million more carbon units have become available to the government in the non-ETS sectors. Because the ETS budget is treated as being met automatically, this sp ...
... to reduce emissions. The Committee’s latest estimates for the ETS are 163 Mt lower in Budget 2, and 156 Mt lower in Budget 3. This means 319 million more carbon units have become available to the government in the non-ETS sectors. Because the ETS budget is treated as being met automatically, this sp ...
The Paris Agreement global goals: What does a fair share for G20
... Using carbon budgets allows us to understand how national budgets change according to temperature goals. However, using carbon budgets do not provide information on the least-cost measures and their timing to achieve the CO2 mitigation. By contrast, greenhouse-gases (GHG) emissions scenarios from In ...
... Using carbon budgets allows us to understand how national budgets change according to temperature goals. However, using carbon budgets do not provide information on the least-cost measures and their timing to achieve the CO2 mitigation. By contrast, greenhouse-gases (GHG) emissions scenarios from In ...
Senate Inquiry into the Kyoto Protocol
... probability of less than 100 percent attached to them. Therefore, NFF does not believe that, at the moment, there is sufficient scientific evidence that the current drought was clearly affected by global climate change (see Appendix 1 for further details) – although the drought does indicate the typ ...
... probability of less than 100 percent attached to them. Therefore, NFF does not believe that, at the moment, there is sufficient scientific evidence that the current drought was clearly affected by global climate change (see Appendix 1 for further details) – although the drought does indicate the typ ...
Southeast Florida Regional Climate Compact
... regionally address key vulnerabilities to the impacts of climatic change over the coming decades. In developing the Regional Compact, the Counties recognized the scope of effort was appropriately regional in nature – Compact activities are meant to augment rather than supersede the sustainability an ...
... regionally address key vulnerabilities to the impacts of climatic change over the coming decades. In developing the Regional Compact, the Counties recognized the scope of effort was appropriately regional in nature – Compact activities are meant to augment rather than supersede the sustainability an ...
05.04 Air Quality - Cambria Community Services District
... industries, with penalties for noncompliance. The CARB has been assigned to carry out and develop the programs and requirements necessary to achieve the goals of Assembly Bill 32. The foremost objective of the CARB is to adopt regulations that require the reporting and verification of statewide GHG ...
... industries, with penalties for noncompliance. The CARB has been assigned to carry out and develop the programs and requirements necessary to achieve the goals of Assembly Bill 32. The foremost objective of the CARB is to adopt regulations that require the reporting and verification of statewide GHG ...
2010_09_icao_grounded PDF, 750.6 KByte
... ICAO has debated MBMs for over a decade. It is now time for action not more debate. ICAO in 2004 endorsed the inclusion of emissions trading in existing schemes. But renewed insistence on „mutual agreement‟ has now been proposed by Canada, the United States and Mexico. It is a thinly-disguised delay ...
... ICAO has debated MBMs for over a decade. It is now time for action not more debate. ICAO in 2004 endorsed the inclusion of emissions trading in existing schemes. But renewed insistence on „mutual agreement‟ has now been proposed by Canada, the United States and Mexico. It is a thinly-disguised delay ...
The carbon jigsaw AccountAncy futures
... allowances granted free of charge to scheme participants and the number that will be sold or auctioned in the Member State’s domestic marketplace. These allocation plans also specify the treatment for ‘new entrants’, ie entities that enter into the emissions-regulated market after the start of the s ...
... allowances granted free of charge to scheme participants and the number that will be sold or auctioned in the Member State’s domestic marketplace. These allocation plans also specify the treatment for ‘new entrants’, ie entities that enter into the emissions-regulated market after the start of the s ...
Tasmanian Greenhouse Gas Accounts State Greenhouse Gas
... done no later than 60 days after the Australian Government publishes the annual State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories report. This report has been compiled using data from the Australian Government’s State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2011-12, which is available at: www.environm ...
... done no later than 60 days after the Australian Government publishes the annual State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories report. This report has been compiled using data from the Australian Government’s State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2011-12, which is available at: www.environm ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DESIGNING CLIMATE MITIGATION POLICY Joseph E. Aldy
... the atmosphere is around 1 percent a year (i.e., CO2 has an expected atmospheric residence time of about a century or more), and even this very gradual decay rate might decline as oceans become more saturated with CO2. Stabilizing atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the very long term essentially r ...
... the atmosphere is around 1 percent a year (i.e., CO2 has an expected atmospheric residence time of about a century or more), and even this very gradual decay rate might decline as oceans become more saturated with CO2. Stabilizing atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the very long term essentially r ...
Carbon Disclosure Project Report
... Group Five is working towards the development of emission reduction targets for its fixed sites. It is anticipated that absolute emissions could be reduced by as much as 3% over the next five years, with 2012 as a base year. Whilst it is more complex to anticipate changes in absolute emissions for G ...
... Group Five is working towards the development of emission reduction targets for its fixed sites. It is anticipated that absolute emissions could be reduced by as much as 3% over the next five years, with 2012 as a base year. Whilst it is more complex to anticipate changes in absolute emissions for G ...
climate policy: separating fact from fantasy
... Developed nations recognize the problem of gaining widespread participation. In the G8 summit on July 8, 2008, they stated for the first time that developing nations would have to be included in any future climate change treaties. The G8 nations committed to cutting their greenhouse gas emissions in ...
... Developed nations recognize the problem of gaining widespread participation. In the G8 summit on July 8, 2008, they stated for the first time that developing nations would have to be included in any future climate change treaties. The G8 nations committed to cutting their greenhouse gas emissions in ...
Interactions Between State and Federal Climate Change Policies
... Consider first the situation where the state program is more stringent than the national program in that it requires reductions from sources within the state that are greater than would be achieved under the national program alone. In this case, emissions sources must surrender both state and feder ...
... Consider first the situation where the state program is more stringent than the national program in that it requires reductions from sources within the state that are greater than would be achieved under the national program alone. In this case, emissions sources must surrender both state and feder ...
Attachment 1: Staff Guidance for Greenhouse Gas and Climate... for New Reactor Environmental Impact Statements
... Under this proposed guidance, agencies should use the scoping process to set reasonable spatial and temporal boundaries for this assessment and focus on aspects of climate change that may lead to changes in the impacts, sustainability, vulnerability and design of the proposed action and alternative ...
... Under this proposed guidance, agencies should use the scoping process to set reasonable spatial and temporal boundaries for this assessment and focus on aspects of climate change that may lead to changes in the impacts, sustainability, vulnerability and design of the proposed action and alternative ...
PDF
... Some Annex I countries have announced two targets. We have therefore distinguished between a Low and a High Commitment level (LC and HC henceforth).4 The HC is usually conditional on other regions collectively taking aggressive action to reduce GHGs emissions. GHGs emissions in Annex I countries as ...
... Some Annex I countries have announced two targets. We have therefore distinguished between a Low and a High Commitment level (LC and HC henceforth).4 The HC is usually conditional on other regions collectively taking aggressive action to reduce GHGs emissions. GHGs emissions in Annex I countries as ...
Population, Wealth, and Climate Change
... Introduction. The main aim of this paper is to review the evidence that challenges the widely held viewi that population growth is the most important underlying cause of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from fossil fuel use. The paper also aims to review the policy implications of our analy ...
... Introduction. The main aim of this paper is to review the evidence that challenges the widely held viewi that population growth is the most important underlying cause of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from fossil fuel use. The paper also aims to review the policy implications of our analy ...
decoding intended nationally determined contributions (indcs)
... December in Paris at the end of the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties (COP21). INDCs serve as critical inputs for COP21, where countries will determine whether the world achieves an ambitious agreement and is put on an accelerated path towards a low-carbo ...
... December in Paris at the end of the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties (COP21). INDCs serve as critical inputs for COP21, where countries will determine whether the world achieves an ambitious agreement and is put on an accelerated path towards a low-carbo ...
a new approach to international greenhouse gas controls
... commitment period. In this case, Country A would need to demonstrate 6 MtC of reductions (5% of 120), either domestically or through international purchases. Conversely, economic stagnation would have the opposite effect. If emissions turn out to be only 80 MtC during the commitment period, Country ...
... commitment period. In this case, Country A would need to demonstrate 6 MtC of reductions (5% of 120), either domestically or through international purchases. Conversely, economic stagnation would have the opposite effect. If emissions turn out to be only 80 MtC during the commitment period, Country ...
Required Gases and GWP values
... At the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, international negotiators adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The UNFCCC’s objective is to prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system by stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at safe levels. The UNFCC ...
... At the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, international negotiators adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The UNFCCC’s objective is to prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system by stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at safe levels. The UNFCC ...
Page: 2012-Investor-EU1GlobalTotalsByYear
... worsen as a result of climate change impacts, elevating operating costs due to the deployment of special crisis management systems or the serious damage to electricity grids. In conclusion, to elaborate the strategic plan that is delivered to all leaders and key stakeholders, the risk management pro ...
... worsen as a result of climate change impacts, elevating operating costs due to the deployment of special crisis management systems or the serious damage to electricity grids. In conclusion, to elaborate the strategic plan that is delivered to all leaders and key stakeholders, the risk management pro ...
New gases (presentation by Mr. Forster)
... Complexity/methodology varies with country/sector Crudest methods rely on scaling economic indicators Right: atmospheric measurements of year to year changes (100-yr GWP used to infer GtC units) Figure 2.7, IPCC WG1 chapter 2 , Forster et al, 2007 2 June 2009, Bonn ...
... Complexity/methodology varies with country/sector Crudest methods rely on scaling economic indicators Right: atmospheric measurements of year to year changes (100-yr GWP used to infer GtC units) Figure 2.7, IPCC WG1 chapter 2 , Forster et al, 2007 2 June 2009, Bonn ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CARBON GEOGRAPHY:
... that emissions be held on average near the present level of seven billion tons of carbon per year over the next 50 years, even though they are currently on course to more than double.”2 Since carbon dioxide will increase for at least the next decade or longer, this means that future emissions, e.g. ...
... that emissions be held on average near the present level of seven billion tons of carbon per year over the next 50 years, even though they are currently on course to more than double.”2 Since carbon dioxide will increase for at least the next decade or longer, this means that future emissions, e.g. ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.