DOCX 104KB - Climate Change Authority
... It also recommends that Australia’s carryover from the first Kyoto Protocol commitment period be used to raise the target by 4 percentage points, to 19 per cent below 2000 levels. This target is a responsible contribution to global efforts and is achievable for Australia. Australia stands to benefi ...
... It also recommends that Australia’s carryover from the first Kyoto Protocol commitment period be used to raise the target by 4 percentage points, to 19 per cent below 2000 levels. This target is a responsible contribution to global efforts and is achievable for Australia. Australia stands to benefi ...
United Nations Development Assistance Framework
... by acceptance of national policy and use of the proper measures to soften the consequences of climate change. On 8th session of the Conference of the Parties there were accepted decisions, in particular in relation to: National reports of Parties of Annex 1 (the term of presentation is set to Sec ...
... by acceptance of national policy and use of the proper measures to soften the consequences of climate change. On 8th session of the Conference of the Parties there were accepted decisions, in particular in relation to: National reports of Parties of Annex 1 (the term of presentation is set to Sec ...
DOC 129KB - Climate Change Authority
... level of responsibility due to its very high emissions per person. On the other hand, the effort required to reduce emissions in Australia might be higher than that in many other countries: reducing our current high reliance on fossil fuels will require significant structural adjustment. Finally, fr ...
... level of responsibility due to its very high emissions per person. On the other hand, the effort required to reduce emissions in Australia might be higher than that in many other countries: reducing our current high reliance on fossil fuels will require significant structural adjustment. Finally, fr ...
Climate Action Plan - City of Emeryville
... The time to act is now. Never in the past 1000 years has the planet warmed at a faster rate than during the 20th century, and the most recent decade has been the warmest ever on record. Allowing this trend to continue could result in decreased agricultural output, increased catastrophic weather even ...
... The time to act is now. Never in the past 1000 years has the planet warmed at a faster rate than during the 20th century, and the most recent decade has been the warmest ever on record. Allowing this trend to continue could result in decreased agricultural output, increased catastrophic weather even ...
City of Urbana CAP phase IFinal
... other climate planning efforts under way within the county and seek opportunities to ...
... other climate planning efforts under way within the county and seek opportunities to ...
Climate Change and Tax Policy - Digital Commons @ Boston
... effect of encouraging a broad range of entities, through price incentives, to take measures to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs). The ratification of the Kyoto Protocol in 2005, which imposes specific limits on GHG emissions for thirty-six nations, has reinvigorated the dialogue about green taxation. C ...
... effect of encouraging a broad range of entities, through price incentives, to take measures to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs). The ratification of the Kyoto Protocol in 2005, which imposes specific limits on GHG emissions for thirty-six nations, has reinvigorated the dialogue about green taxation. C ...
Untangling the confusion around land carbon science and
... that avoids major climate change5. Furthermore, there is the potential for perverse outcomes whereby mitigation efforts not only fail to reduce atmCO2, but even have negative impacts — either causing atmCO2 to increase or adversely affecting other landscape values, such as biodiversity. Perverse out ...
... that avoids major climate change5. Furthermore, there is the potential for perverse outcomes whereby mitigation efforts not only fail to reduce atmCO2, but even have negative impacts — either causing atmCO2 to increase or adversely affecting other landscape values, such as biodiversity. Perverse out ...
What do the Appendices to the Copenhagen Accord tell us about global greenhouse gas emissions and the prospects for avoiding a rise in global average temperature of more than 2°C? (436 kB) (opens in new window)
... have reached different conclusions, most other studies have produced estimates that are in line with ours. There is some scope for achieving further reductions, for instance by capping emissions from international aviation and shipping and by stronger national actions. The Copenhagen Accord also set ...
... have reached different conclusions, most other studies have produced estimates that are in line with ours. There is some scope for achieving further reductions, for instance by capping emissions from international aviation and shipping and by stronger national actions. The Copenhagen Accord also set ...
Conscious uncoupling? Low Carbon Economy Index 2015 October 2015 1.3%
... in countries’ decarbonisation pathways and many have put regulation of coal front and centre of their INDCs. But despite tightening efficiency standards and emissions standards, as well as widespread carbon pricing regulation, coal maintains cost and availability advantages in many locations and hen ...
... in countries’ decarbonisation pathways and many have put regulation of coal front and centre of their INDCs. But despite tightening efficiency standards and emissions standards, as well as widespread carbon pricing regulation, coal maintains cost and availability advantages in many locations and hen ...
Report Gas Greenhouse
... All freshwater systems, whether they are natural or manmade, emit GHGs due to decomposing organic material. This means that lakes, rivers, estuaries, wetlands, seasonal flooded zones and reservoirs emit GHGs. They also bury some carbon in the sediments2. In the global description of the carbon cyc ...
... All freshwater systems, whether they are natural or manmade, emit GHGs due to decomposing organic material. This means that lakes, rivers, estuaries, wetlands, seasonal flooded zones and reservoirs emit GHGs. They also bury some carbon in the sediments2. In the global description of the carbon cyc ...
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... purpose of the CDM (to assist non-Annex I in achieving sustainable development). Another aspect of relevance for our analysis is that the ‘non-carbon welfare effects’ associated with the CDM are potentially very important for the non-Annex I countries, when they decide on whether or not to particip ...
... purpose of the CDM (to assist non-Annex I in achieving sustainable development). Another aspect of relevance for our analysis is that the ‘non-carbon welfare effects’ associated with the CDM are potentially very important for the non-Annex I countries, when they decide on whether or not to particip ...
Forests, Agriculture, and Climate: Economics and
... “Forests are more than just carbon, they are home to local communities and they provide essential ecosystem services beyond carbon storage. Forest resources directly support the livelihoods of 90% of the 1.2 billion people living in extreme poverty and are home to nearly 90% of the world's terrestri ...
... “Forests are more than just carbon, they are home to local communities and they provide essential ecosystem services beyond carbon storage. Forest resources directly support the livelihoods of 90% of the 1.2 billion people living in extreme poverty and are home to nearly 90% of the world's terrestri ...
2007 August, Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Policy and Economics
... permits “would transfer income from energy consumers—among whom lower-income households would bear disproportionately large burdens—to shareholders of energy companies, who are disproportionately higher-income households.” However, if permits are auctioned, the revenue can be used to offset other ta ...
... permits “would transfer income from energy consumers—among whom lower-income households would bear disproportionately large burdens—to shareholders of energy companies, who are disproportionately higher-income households.” However, if permits are auctioned, the revenue can be used to offset other ta ...
The Economics of Climate Change – Likely Carbon Sequestration
... 4. The 1000 GTC budget (based on 2°C IPCC target) is too high, so a lower target is needed 5. We will certainly overshoot the target by a very large amount, so we will need to remove significant quantities CO2 to meet a realistic carbon budget 6. Bio-energy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is the ...
... 4. The 1000 GTC budget (based on 2°C IPCC target) is too high, so a lower target is needed 5. We will certainly overshoot the target by a very large amount, so we will need to remove significant quantities CO2 to meet a realistic carbon budget 6. Bio-energy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is the ...
ITLS-WP-09-21 - The University of Sydney
... Achieving prospective emission reduction targets will pose major challenges for the road transport sector. This paper investigates two targets for reducing Australian road transport greenhouse gas emissions, and what they might mean for the sector: emissions in 2020 being 20 percent below 2000 level ...
... Achieving prospective emission reduction targets will pose major challenges for the road transport sector. This paper investigates two targets for reducing Australian road transport greenhouse gas emissions, and what they might mean for the sector: emissions in 2020 being 20 percent below 2000 level ...
Pathways for balancing CO2 emissions and sinks
... t the Conference of Parties in Paris (COP21), in December 2015, negotiators from 195 countries agreed to ‘pursue efforts to limit the (global average) temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change’. ...
... t the Conference of Parties in Paris (COP21), in December 2015, negotiators from 195 countries agreed to ‘pursue efforts to limit the (global average) temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change’. ...
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... CO2 is the major current contributor to climate change'. It is released whenever fossil fuels are burned and sequestered in the growth of trees. How can we reduce our consumption of fossil fuels at lowest cost? The major option for the United States, being discussed in Washington, is a tradeable per ...
... CO2 is the major current contributor to climate change'. It is released whenever fossil fuels are burned and sequestered in the growth of trees. How can we reduce our consumption of fossil fuels at lowest cost? The major option for the United States, being discussed in Washington, is a tradeable per ...
Climate and Development Economics: Balancing Science, Politics
... far from obvious. What analytical tools are needed to chart a path that leads toward sustainable, lowcarbon economic development? Policies designed to achieve climate stabilization and economic development necessarily involve projections of future physical and economic trends. To a remarkable degree ...
... far from obvious. What analytical tools are needed to chart a path that leads toward sustainable, lowcarbon economic development? Policies designed to achieve climate stabilization and economic development necessarily involve projections of future physical and economic trends. To a remarkable degree ...
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... 2.1. Motivation One: Climate change is likely to cause serious damage and reducing agricultural emissions will help to reduce the risk. Climate change could impact New Zealanders either directly (through physical changes brought about by global temperature rises) or indirectly (through flow on effec ...
... 2.1. Motivation One: Climate change is likely to cause serious damage and reducing agricultural emissions will help to reduce the risk. Climate change could impact New Zealanders either directly (through physical changes brought about by global temperature rises) or indirectly (through flow on effec ...
Colgate`s Greenhouse Gas Inventory
... International Law p.647). In addition to these binding emissions reduction targets, the Protocol also establishes requirements for industrialized countries4 to implement or further develop appropriate policies and measures to meet their quantified emissions limitation and reduction objectives (QELR ...
... International Law p.647). In addition to these binding emissions reduction targets, the Protocol also establishes requirements for industrialized countries4 to implement or further develop appropriate policies and measures to meet their quantified emissions limitation and reduction objectives (QELR ...
Addressing Climate Change Challenges in Ireland (07-CCRP-3.1) CCRP Report
... However, a national goal and strategy to turn scientific excellence into creation of climate services and solutions, including consultancy and education services, is required. ...
... However, a national goal and strategy to turn scientific excellence into creation of climate services and solutions, including consultancy and education services, is required. ...
Global Warming or Not: The Global Climate Is Changing and the
... specific action by parties to the convention. For instance, the parties agreed to take climate change into account in matters involving agriculture, energy consumption, and natural resources.4 The parties were also encouraged to share technology and cooperate in any way possible to reduce anthropoge ...
... specific action by parties to the convention. For instance, the parties agreed to take climate change into account in matters involving agriculture, energy consumption, and natural resources.4 The parties were also encouraged to share technology and cooperate in any way possible to reduce anthropoge ...
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... Consider first the situation where the state program is more stringent than the national program in that it requires reductions from sources within the state that are greater than would be achieved under the national program alone. In this case, emissions sources must surrender both state and feder ...
... Consider first the situation where the state program is more stringent than the national program in that it requires reductions from sources within the state that are greater than would be achieved under the national program alone. In this case, emissions sources must surrender both state and feder ...
Chapter 4 Global action and Australia`s role
... increased over the last 20 years and accelerated recently. The two largest emitters of greenhouse gases—China and the United States—are both stepping up their actions to reduce emissions and these measures could have a significant impact on global emissions. The next few years will be a critical tim ...
... increased over the last 20 years and accelerated recently. The two largest emitters of greenhouse gases—China and the United States—are both stepping up their actions to reduce emissions and these measures could have a significant impact on global emissions. The next few years will be a critical tim ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.