English - MDG Fund
... German scientists on estimations for a total global emission space of 10 trillion tons of CO2 (Allen M J, 2009), and pointed out that in controlling global greenhouse gas emissions, targets based on cumulative carbon emissions are better compared to emission reduction targets based on single points ...
... German scientists on estimations for a total global emission space of 10 trillion tons of CO2 (Allen M J, 2009), and pointed out that in controlling global greenhouse gas emissions, targets based on cumulative carbon emissions are better compared to emission reduction targets based on single points ...
A Carbon Tax As a Driver of Green Technology Innovation and the
... underway to determine targets for a second commitment period that will run until 2020. 4 The Kyoto Protocol includes a range of other provisions such as the Clean Development Mechanism, which allows developed countries to reach their targets by purchasing allowances from projects in the developing c ...
... underway to determine targets for a second commitment period that will run until 2020. 4 The Kyoto Protocol includes a range of other provisions such as the Clean Development Mechanism, which allows developed countries to reach their targets by purchasing allowances from projects in the developing c ...
The complexity of climate change mechanisms
... Greenhouse gas emissions are of major importance today and the climate issue is expected to remain a question of utmost significance during coming decades and centuries. Climate models indicate how emissions interfere with climate processes and which temperature rise different emission scenarios may ...
... Greenhouse gas emissions are of major importance today and the climate issue is expected to remain a question of utmost significance during coming decades and centuries. Climate models indicate how emissions interfere with climate processes and which temperature rise different emission scenarios may ...
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... Tropical deforestation is a major source of CO2 emissions and the main cause of biodiversity loss. According to the 2007 Fourth IPPC report, deforestation accounts for around 17% of total annual atmospheric carbon release (IPCC 2007). Given the rising concern of potential dangerous risks accruing fr ...
... Tropical deforestation is a major source of CO2 emissions and the main cause of biodiversity loss. According to the 2007 Fourth IPPC report, deforestation accounts for around 17% of total annual atmospheric carbon release (IPCC 2007). Given the rising concern of potential dangerous risks accruing fr ...
3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
... with localized air quality effects have relatively short atmospheric lifetimes (about one day), GHGs have long atmospheric lifetimes (one year to several thousand years). GHGs persist in the atmosphere for long enough time periods to be dispersed around the globe. Although the exact lifetime of any ...
... with localized air quality effects have relatively short atmospheric lifetimes (about one day), GHGs have long atmospheric lifetimes (one year to several thousand years). GHGs persist in the atmosphere for long enough time periods to be dispersed around the globe. Although the exact lifetime of any ...
The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from
... a multi-year effort to produce new scenarios for climate change research. We combine a suite of atmospheric concentration observations and emissions estimates for greenhouse gases (GHGs) through the historical period (1750–2005) with harmonized emissions projected by four different Integrated Assess ...
... a multi-year effort to produce new scenarios for climate change research. We combine a suite of atmospheric concentration observations and emissions estimates for greenhouse gases (GHGs) through the historical period (1750–2005) with harmonized emissions projected by four different Integrated Assess ...
Working Group on Carbon Pricing Mechanisms
... decisions. For example, higher gasoline prices encourage public transit and make electric or hybrid vehicles more attractive alternatives for travel and commuting. Households will also opt for low-carbon solutions for home heating or air conditioning and will consume less energy by improving the ins ...
... decisions. For example, higher gasoline prices encourage public transit and make electric or hybrid vehicles more attractive alternatives for travel and commuting. Households will also opt for low-carbon solutions for home heating or air conditioning and will consume less energy by improving the ins ...
Climate Change and Australia`s Tree Clearing Crisis
... strong Australian Government oversight. The ERF may offer a useful tool to incentivise positive changes in the land sector that can’t be achieved through regulation, but current policy turmoil and regulatory changes at the state and territory level are completely undermining the ability of the fund ...
... strong Australian Government oversight. The ERF may offer a useful tool to incentivise positive changes in the land sector that can’t be achieved through regulation, but current policy turmoil and regulatory changes at the state and territory level are completely undermining the ability of the fund ...
Tokyo - IETA
... measures below their base-year emissions, they can apply for emission reduction credits. The emission base year has to be one fiscal year out of the most recent three consecutive fiscal years before the measures are implemented. The issued credits are the difference between the baseline emissions an ...
... measures below their base-year emissions, they can apply for emission reduction credits. The emission base year has to be one fiscal year out of the most recent three consecutive fiscal years before the measures are implemented. The issued credits are the difference between the baseline emissions an ...
Climate Leadership report to minister executive summary
... We also heard from those who were bullish on technology and its ability to solve Alberta’s greenhouse gas challenges. These interventions were as diverse as they were frequent, from large companies looking to deploy proven technologies more rapidly in Alberta all the way to individual entrepreneurs ...
... We also heard from those who were bullish on technology and its ability to solve Alberta’s greenhouse gas challenges. These interventions were as diverse as they were frequent, from large companies looking to deploy proven technologies more rapidly in Alberta all the way to individual entrepreneurs ...
Key elements of a global deal on climate change
... will have to be fundamentally involved in achieving global emission reductions. • The world should aim for a liquid international carbon market in order to allow for the most effective, efficient, and equitable emissions reductions. • In addition, non-price interventions are required to expand the g ...
... will have to be fundamentally involved in achieving global emission reductions. • The world should aim for a liquid international carbon market in order to allow for the most effective, efficient, and equitable emissions reductions. • In addition, non-price interventions are required to expand the g ...
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
... adopted in the ICLIPS framework is built on a classic formulation of optimal growth models (Ramsey, 1928; Solow, 1970). This makes it a relative of the DICE/ RICE family. The AEM elucidates endogenously the (transitional) investment and capital accumulation cycle. The actors’ behavior and decisions ...
... adopted in the ICLIPS framework is built on a classic formulation of optimal growth models (Ramsey, 1928; Solow, 1970). This makes it a relative of the DICE/ RICE family. The AEM elucidates endogenously the (transitional) investment and capital accumulation cycle. The actors’ behavior and decisions ...
Post Paris: Australia`s climate policy options
... greenhouse gases produced by human activity since the middle of last century are the main cause.1 The international community is committed to avoiding the dangerous consequences of climate change. To that end, the world’s governments have agreed to limit the increase in global temperature to 2.0 deg ...
... greenhouse gases produced by human activity since the middle of last century are the main cause.1 The international community is committed to avoiding the dangerous consequences of climate change. To that end, the world’s governments have agreed to limit the increase in global temperature to 2.0 deg ...
Mitigating climate change through reductions in greenhouse gas emissions: is it possible to limit global warming to no more than 1.5°C? (687 kB) (opens in new window)
... The Met Office is a Government Trading Fund agency owned by the Ministry of Defence (MOD). It is the UK’s Public Weather Service, providing the essential meteorological information that is used in public weather forecasts. The Met Office operates as a National Severe Weather Warning Service (NSWWS); ...
... The Met Office is a Government Trading Fund agency owned by the Ministry of Defence (MOD). It is the UK’s Public Weather Service, providing the essential meteorological information that is used in public weather forecasts. The Met Office operates as a National Severe Weather Warning Service (NSWWS); ...
Rethinking Environmental Federalism in a Warming World
... the states in implementing and enforcing that policy. From its roots in the study of fiscal federalism, environmental federalism should be understood to refer more broadly to the study of the normative and positive consequences of the shared role of national and subnational units of government in co ...
... the states in implementing and enforcing that policy. From its roots in the study of fiscal federalism, environmental federalism should be understood to refer more broadly to the study of the normative and positive consequences of the shared role of national and subnational units of government in co ...
Operating in Limits: Defining an Australian
... between 4 billion tonnes to 15 billion tonnes from 2010 to 2050. This range represents the reality that while scientists can advise on appropriate global budgets, just how this pie should be shared is, ultimately, a question of equity. To assess the equity implications of the indicative Australian b ...
... between 4 billion tonnes to 15 billion tonnes from 2010 to 2050. This range represents the reality that while scientists can advise on appropriate global budgets, just how this pie should be shared is, ultimately, a question of equity. To assess the equity implications of the indicative Australian b ...
1 Residential Solar Panels and Their Impact on the Reduction of
... Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon, have had a momentous impact on the onset of climate change. To address this issue, California has adopted Assembly Bill (AB) 32, which sets a goal for California to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions back to 1990 levels by the year 2020. On ...
... Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon, have had a momentous impact on the onset of climate change. To address this issue, California has adopted Assembly Bill (AB) 32, which sets a goal for California to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions back to 1990 levels by the year 2020. On ...
A Carbon Management Plan for Nottinghamshire County Council
... This chapter sets out the latest available information about the Council’s CO2 emissions arising from its own buildings, street lighting, transport, waste and procurement. The current level of County Council emissions is estimated at around 110,000 tonnes. This excludes savings arising from the pur ...
... This chapter sets out the latest available information about the Council’s CO2 emissions arising from its own buildings, street lighting, transport, waste and procurement. The current level of County Council emissions is estimated at around 110,000 tonnes. This excludes savings arising from the pur ...
2015 Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific I
... economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region, the ability to deliver one unit of GDP growth while minimizing GHG emissions will be an essential component of a sustainable economic growth strategy and climate change mitigation actions. The region’s GHG emissions intensity has continued to fall since 19 ...
... economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region, the ability to deliver one unit of GDP growth while minimizing GHG emissions will be an essential component of a sustainable economic growth strategy and climate change mitigation actions. The region’s GHG emissions intensity has continued to fall since 19 ...
The true cost of fossil fuels: Externality cost assessment
... (SCC). These costs have been reviewed in some depth in the literature (DEFRA, 2007; Anthoff and Tol, 2013; US Government, 2013). The values are based on the discounted costs arising from a tonne of CO2 over the long term and therefore are sensitive to the discount rate adopted. The higher the discou ...
... (SCC). These costs have been reviewed in some depth in the literature (DEFRA, 2007; Anthoff and Tol, 2013; US Government, 2013). The values are based on the discounted costs arising from a tonne of CO2 over the long term and therefore are sensitive to the discount rate adopted. The higher the discou ...
... In 2001, President Bush announced that the United States would not proceed with the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol, thus leaving the United States at odds with the rest of the world.35 The following year, Bush introduced the Climatic Change Science Program (CCSP) to guide climate research in the ...
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... the principles of liability (for damages) and compensation. Compensating victims for damages caused by climate change is one extension of the polluter pays principle with respect to adaptation costs. Attempts to apply this principle to climate change have been limited to assigning property rights to ...
... the principles of liability (for damages) and compensation. Compensating victims for damages caused by climate change is one extension of the polluter pays principle with respect to adaptation costs. Attempts to apply this principle to climate change have been limited to assigning property rights to ...
Non-CO2 greenhouse gases and climate change
... more definitive with measurements of additional trace gases and related variables. Measurements of CH4 isotopologues (for example 13CH4) contain information about CH4 sources because these sources can enrich or deplete the 13C or 2H content of atmospheric CH4. Methane measured at Alert, Canada, in t ...
... more definitive with measurements of additional trace gases and related variables. Measurements of CH4 isotopologues (for example 13CH4) contain information about CH4 sources because these sources can enrich or deplete the 13C or 2H content of atmospheric CH4. Methane measured at Alert, Canada, in t ...
Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators
... Figure 1. Greenhouse gas emissions, Canada, 1990 to 2015 ........................................ 5 Figure 2. Indexed trend in greenhouse gas emissions per person and per unit of gross domestic product, Canada, 1990 to 2015 .................................................................. 6 Figure ...
... Figure 1. Greenhouse gas emissions, Canada, 1990 to 2015 ........................................ 5 Figure 2. Indexed trend in greenhouse gas emissions per person and per unit of gross domestic product, Canada, 1990 to 2015 .................................................................. 6 Figure ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.