Cars, carbon taxes and CO2 emissions
... tax and price elasticities of demand for gasoline in Sweden.4 To this end, I use timeseries analysis of the consumption and price of gasoline in Sweden during 1970 to 2011. Exploiting yearly changes to the carbon tax rate and the carbon tax-exclusive price of gasoline (the total gas price minus the ...
... tax and price elasticities of demand for gasoline in Sweden.4 To this end, I use timeseries analysis of the consumption and price of gasoline in Sweden during 1970 to 2011. Exploiting yearly changes to the carbon tax rate and the carbon tax-exclusive price of gasoline (the total gas price minus the ...
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... The DEAN model is a multi-sectoral dynamic applied general equilibrium (AGE) model for a small open economy with special attention to the specification of emissions and abatement for several major environmental themes simultaneously. The framework for the model is a Ramsey-type economic growth model ...
... The DEAN model is a multi-sectoral dynamic applied general equilibrium (AGE) model for a small open economy with special attention to the specification of emissions and abatement for several major environmental themes simultaneously. The framework for the model is a Ramsey-type economic growth model ...
Building up for Paris - Green European Foundation
... Elements of the Paris Package”5. It has reduced the text to 75 pages. Disregarding the fact that it is an unofficial document, it allowed a big step forward: it offers a structure for the new agreement. Now it is partly – but not completely – sure that the “Paris Accord” will be based on a hybrid ap ...
... Elements of the Paris Package”5. It has reduced the text to 75 pages. Disregarding the fact that it is an unofficial document, it allowed a big step forward: it offers a structure for the new agreement. Now it is partly – but not completely – sure that the “Paris Accord” will be based on a hybrid ap ...
Item 9 Climate and Greenhouse Gases Baseline Report
... topic normal Federal regulatory practice is to require that operators comply with the equivalent provincial regulation. As such, provincial regulations and guidelines for GHGs are also considered. Many provinces have set their own standards for the reduction of GHGs. Alberta is the first jurisdictio ...
... topic normal Federal regulatory practice is to require that operators comply with the equivalent provincial regulation. As such, provincial regulations and guidelines for GHGs are also considered. Many provinces have set their own standards for the reduction of GHGs. Alberta is the first jurisdictio ...
improving climate change reporting AN ACCA AND FTSE GROUP DiSCUSSiON PAPER
... all and is impossible to ignore. Scenarios put forward in the media on almost a daily basis attempt to assess the likely impacts and call for urgent response from business, government and individuals. Every segment of society faces challenges. Governments and multi-lateral aid agencies may face incr ...
... all and is impossible to ignore. Scenarios put forward in the media on almost a daily basis attempt to assess the likely impacts and call for urgent response from business, government and individuals. Every segment of society faces challenges. Governments and multi-lateral aid agencies may face incr ...
studies
... The Durban conference in 2011 established the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action as a new track for negotiating an international climate treaty. The track aims to establish an international climate treaty to enter into force in 2020 (UNFCCC 2011). It was reinforced by the Doha climate conference in ...
... The Durban conference in 2011 established the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action as a new track for negotiating an international climate treaty. The track aims to establish an international climate treaty to enter into force in 2020 (UNFCCC 2011). It was reinforced by the Doha climate conference in ...
Mapping Greenhouse Gas Emissions Where You Live
... In your discussion, emphasize that facilities emit greenhouse gases because they are producing things that people want or need. We all play a role in climate change because we all contribute to greenhouse gas emissions whenever we use electricity, travel in a motorized vehicle, use just about any ty ...
... In your discussion, emphasize that facilities emit greenhouse gases because they are producing things that people want or need. We all play a role in climate change because we all contribute to greenhouse gas emissions whenever we use electricity, travel in a motorized vehicle, use just about any ty ...
McGraw Hill Higher Education - McGraw
... 2007 Stern Report in the United Kingdom on the Economics of Climate Change: our actions resulting in climate change risk major disruption in economic activity (e.g. could cost .5% to 1% of world GDP per annum by mid-century and could approach to economic depression of first half of twentieth ...
... 2007 Stern Report in the United Kingdom on the Economics of Climate Change: our actions resulting in climate change risk major disruption in economic activity (e.g. could cost .5% to 1% of world GDP per annum by mid-century and could approach to economic depression of first half of twentieth ...
UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON
... Whereas the ultimate objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system; Whereas the Kyoto Prot ...
... Whereas the ultimate objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system; Whereas the Kyoto Prot ...
Climate Regulation and the Limits of Cost
... The story begins in 2008, when the Ninth Circuit struck down the Department of Transportation’s corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standard for light trucks because the cost-benefit analysis used by DOT to determine the standard failed to take account of its beneficial effects for climate change ...
... The story begins in 2008, when the Ninth Circuit struck down the Department of Transportation’s corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standard for light trucks because the cost-benefit analysis used by DOT to determine the standard failed to take account of its beneficial effects for climate change ...
Climate Change: The Copenhagen Conference
... This paper is primarily concerned with the Copenhagen conference and events leading up to it. For a more detailed examination of climate change science, including the accepted facts and key uncertainties, the Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POST) has produced a note, Climate Change S ...
... This paper is primarily concerned with the Copenhagen conference and events leading up to it. For a more detailed examination of climate change science, including the accepted facts and key uncertainties, the Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POST) has produced a note, Climate Change S ...
Climate impacts of ozone-depleting substances and their
... What is happening in the political arena ● Amendments proposed to include HFCs in Montreal Protocol – Strong support ...
... What is happening in the political arena ● Amendments proposed to include HFCs in Montreal Protocol – Strong support ...
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... transboundary problem of global scale. This means it requires a global solution. Since there is no supra-national authority to impose policy remedies, the solution requires the voluntary cooperation of sovereign states. International treaties, such as the Kyoto Protocol, have made progress in gainin ...
... transboundary problem of global scale. This means it requires a global solution. Since there is no supra-national authority to impose policy remedies, the solution requires the voluntary cooperation of sovereign states. International treaties, such as the Kyoto Protocol, have made progress in gainin ...
Reconciling scientific reality with realpolitik: moving
... decisions on energy-use is not being fully realised, and will be essential to a successful climate mitigation effort. [35,36]. Price-based frameworks could potentially be applied to this [37], but we will now consider certain inherent features of carbon pricing frameworks that have contributed to th ...
... decisions on energy-use is not being fully realised, and will be essential to a successful climate mitigation effort. [35,36]. Price-based frameworks could potentially be applied to this [37], but we will now consider certain inherent features of carbon pricing frameworks that have contributed to th ...
Reconciling scientific reality with realpolitik: moving beyond carbon
... decisions on energy-use is not being fully realised, and will be essential to a successful climate mitigation effort. [35,36]. Price-based frameworks could potentially be applied to this [37], but we will now consider certain inherent features of carbon pricing frameworks that have contributed to th ...
... decisions on energy-use is not being fully realised, and will be essential to a successful climate mitigation effort. [35,36]. Price-based frameworks could potentially be applied to this [37], but we will now consider certain inherent features of carbon pricing frameworks that have contributed to th ...
full text
... whereas dashed lines exclude the snow albedo effect. The upper x-axis on (A) indicates for each RF value the number of years earlier CO2 emissions must be cut to 50% of 2005 levels in a 500 ppm CO2 e stabilization scenario where CC carbonaceous aerosols emissions are kept constant rather than cut to ...
... whereas dashed lines exclude the snow albedo effect. The upper x-axis on (A) indicates for each RF value the number of years earlier CO2 emissions must be cut to 50% of 2005 levels in a 500 ppm CO2 e stabilization scenario where CC carbonaceous aerosols emissions are kept constant rather than cut to ...
Cities` Contribution to Climate Change
... express the aspirations of their citizens more succinctly and quicker than higher levels of government. When these rising voices are credibly articulated, their global impact is considerable, and Climate change will require city administrations to growing, as the worldwide response to climate develo ...
... express the aspirations of their citizens more succinctly and quicker than higher levels of government. When these rising voices are credibly articulated, their global impact is considerable, and Climate change will require city administrations to growing, as the worldwide response to climate develo ...
EnErgy EfficiEncy and grEEnhousE gas Emissions
... by the ‘economic optimum N rate’, which is equivalent to recommended ‘good agricultural practice’, and considering the current and future demand for cereals as indicated in Figure 2, any reduction in the production intensity in one area has to be compensated by additional production at another. In m ...
... by the ‘economic optimum N rate’, which is equivalent to recommended ‘good agricultural practice’, and considering the current and future demand for cereals as indicated in Figure 2, any reduction in the production intensity in one area has to be compensated by additional production at another. In m ...
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... budgets. The increase of 100 ppm translates in roughly 200 additional GtCO2 of budget for each of the four analyzed regions. Although the budgets convey important information about regional climate policy, they lack the temporal dynamics which is more relevant for policy. Figure 2 provides the addit ...
... budgets. The increase of 100 ppm translates in roughly 200 additional GtCO2 of budget for each of the four analyzed regions. Although the budgets convey important information about regional climate policy, they lack the temporal dynamics which is more relevant for policy. Figure 2 provides the addit ...
Arranging deck chairs on the Titanic
... information relevant for the understanding of the risk of human-induced climate change’. Subsequently, in 1992, the United Nations (UN) proposed a framework for dealing with climate change, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). UNFCCC divides UN member states into devel ...
... information relevant for the understanding of the risk of human-induced climate change’. Subsequently, in 1992, the United Nations (UN) proposed a framework for dealing with climate change, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). UNFCCC divides UN member states into devel ...
LONG-TERM CLIMATE POLICY TARGETSAND IMPLICATIONS
... emission reduction proposals (pledges) made by many countries for 2020. Current and planned policies are inconsistent with emission levels based on leastcosts pathways to achieve the 2 °C target. Several reports (most noteworthy the UNEP Emissions Gap Reports (UNEP, 2013, 2014)) have evaluated short ...
... emission reduction proposals (pledges) made by many countries for 2020. Current and planned policies are inconsistent with emission levels based on leastcosts pathways to achieve the 2 °C target. Several reports (most noteworthy the UNEP Emissions Gap Reports (UNEP, 2013, 2014)) have evaluated short ...
kg/ha/yr - Clinton Devon Estates
... quick wins, which have the immediate attraction that they can result in significant savings in costs, increasingly important in view of the spiraling price of fuel and related inputs, such as inorganic fertilizer. Although farming’s contribution to CO2 itself is relatively small, at Clinton Devon as ...
... quick wins, which have the immediate attraction that they can result in significant savings in costs, increasingly important in view of the spiraling price of fuel and related inputs, such as inorganic fertilizer. Although farming’s contribution to CO2 itself is relatively small, at Clinton Devon as ...
Chapter 3 – The cost-effective path to 2050
... 2. Meeting the 2050 target – what this means for the fifth carbon budget The 2050 target The Climate Change Act includes a requirement to reduce 2050 emissions by at least 80% relative to 1990. That follows the Committee’s recommendation that emissions for 2050 should be reduced by at least 80% on 1 ...
... 2. Meeting the 2050 target – what this means for the fifth carbon budget The 2050 target The Climate Change Act includes a requirement to reduce 2050 emissions by at least 80% relative to 1990. That follows the Committee’s recommendation that emissions for 2050 should be reduced by at least 80% on 1 ...
Center for Economic and Policy Studies Rethinking Environmental
... The formation of the European Union provides a recent case study in the formation of a federal union of independent states, and one where both normative and positive elements are evident. Member states voluntarily ceded some of their governmental authority to a layer of government encompassing the g ...
... The formation of the European Union provides a recent case study in the formation of a federal union of independent states, and one where both normative and positive elements are evident. Member states voluntarily ceded some of their governmental authority to a layer of government encompassing the g ...
Table 2: Effects of including different features on the estimated costs
... expected GHG reductions is potentially difficult due to the practical difficulties of monitoring and enforcing a program as well as the challenges of reducing forest carbon emissions when the land sector is not subject to a strict emissions cap. A successful REDD program requires addressing permanen ...
... expected GHG reductions is potentially difficult due to the practical difficulties of monitoring and enforcing a program as well as the challenges of reducing forest carbon emissions when the land sector is not subject to a strict emissions cap. A successful REDD program requires addressing permanen ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.