Paper on N 2 O as a ozone depleting substances
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s fourth assessment report estimates (18) a total annual emission during the 1990s of 17.7 TgN, of which 6.7 TgN (10.5 million metric tons of N2O) were anthropogenic in origin. ...
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s fourth assessment report estimates (18) a total annual emission during the 1990s of 17.7 TgN, of which 6.7 TgN (10.5 million metric tons of N2O) were anthropogenic in origin. ...
co2 capture and geological storage quantification protocol
... calculation protocols. These protocols provide guidance on how to complete facility-level greenhouse gas inventories and project-level greenhouse gas emission reduction estimates. These protocols are drawn from the accumulated knowledge in each area and are as consistent as possible with current int ...
... calculation protocols. These protocols provide guidance on how to complete facility-level greenhouse gas inventories and project-level greenhouse gas emission reduction estimates. These protocols are drawn from the accumulated knowledge in each area and are as consistent as possible with current int ...
Climate Commitments: Assessing the Options
... The substantive content of commitments can involve an equally wide variety of policy instruments: Emission targets An emission target is an obligation of result: it requires regulated entities (for example, countries or firms) to achieve a particular level or rate of emissions, but allows them flexi ...
... The substantive content of commitments can involve an equally wide variety of policy instruments: Emission targets An emission target is an obligation of result: it requires regulated entities (for example, countries or firms) to achieve a particular level or rate of emissions, but allows them flexi ...
paper - user"s empty page at IIASA / 2013
... International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] ...
... International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] ...
osu climate plan draft - Finance and Administration
... directs $8.50 per term per student towards the purchase of RECs. These RECs offset a large percentage of OSU’s electrical consumption with additions of clean, renewable energy to the electrical grid. 14) “Carbon offsets” are reductions of greenhouse gases that can be used to counteract emissions fro ...
... directs $8.50 per term per student towards the purchase of RECs. These RECs offset a large percentage of OSU’s electrical consumption with additions of clean, renewable energy to the electrical grid. 14) “Carbon offsets” are reductions of greenhouse gases that can be used to counteract emissions fro ...
Carbon Credit Development - International Journal of Innovative
... done to mitigate the building of carbon pollution that is causing climate change. Principally, there are two markets for carbon credit: • Compliance market • Voluntary market. In compliance market, corporations, governments and other organizations purchase carbon credits compulsorily in order to mee ...
... done to mitigate the building of carbon pollution that is causing climate change. Principally, there are two markets for carbon credit: • Compliance market • Voluntary market. In compliance market, corporations, governments and other organizations purchase carbon credits compulsorily in order to mee ...
PDF
... While the framework for limiting greenhouse gases under the Kyoto Protocol excluded the tropical forest sector, debates over approaches for REDD have risen to the forefront of current negotiations on a new climate change regime under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ...
... While the framework for limiting greenhouse gases under the Kyoto Protocol excluded the tropical forest sector, debates over approaches for REDD have risen to the forefront of current negotiations on a new climate change regime under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ...
ABN AMRO`s response
... - If takes places between industrialized countries (including countries with economies in transition) - Does not have a sustainable development component - ERUs can be used by companies under the EU ETS for compliance in the period 2008 – 2012 ...
... - If takes places between industrialized countries (including countries with economies in transition) - Does not have a sustainable development component - ERUs can be used by companies under the EU ETS for compliance in the period 2008 – 2012 ...
Document
... and the United Nations Environment Program, which found that concentrations of CFCs in the upper-atmosphere had nearly doubled between 1975 and 1985. The report included scientific models indicating that high atmospheric concentrations of CFCs and other ODSs could deplete the stratospheric ozone lay ...
... and the United Nations Environment Program, which found that concentrations of CFCs in the upper-atmosphere had nearly doubled between 1975 and 1985. The report included scientific models indicating that high atmospheric concentrations of CFCs and other ODSs could deplete the stratospheric ozone lay ...
The effect of climate and climate change on ammonia emissions in
... The emission model has in this study used an input of meteorological fields of 2-m air temperature and 10-m wind speed. The data are reanalysed meteorological data from the MM5 meteorological model (Grell et al., 1995) in an identical setup as in Skjøth et al. (2011) that provides 1-h temporal resol ...
... The emission model has in this study used an input of meteorological fields of 2-m air temperature and 10-m wind speed. The data are reanalysed meteorological data from the MM5 meteorological model (Grell et al., 1995) in an identical setup as in Skjøth et al. (2011) that provides 1-h temporal resol ...
A Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory for the Borough of State
... compiled a greenhouse gas emissions inventory for the Borough, thereby determining the human activities responsible for those emissions and setting a baseline with which to compare future emissions. Spring 2007 saw another group of students conduct focus groups with Borough stakeholders to identify ...
... compiled a greenhouse gas emissions inventory for the Borough, thereby determining the human activities responsible for those emissions and setting a baseline with which to compare future emissions. Spring 2007 saw another group of students conduct focus groups with Borough stakeholders to identify ...
Climate Change Essentials
... energy and infrastructure, Canadian provinces, territories and municipalities have been leading the way on climate change action. 2. Calls from industry leaders and investors around the world for governments to put a price on carbon, aimed not only at reducing GHG emissions, but also at facilitating ...
... energy and infrastructure, Canadian provinces, territories and municipalities have been leading the way on climate change action. 2. Calls from industry leaders and investors around the world for governments to put a price on carbon, aimed not only at reducing GHG emissions, but also at facilitating ...
Short-Lived Promise? - Oxford Martin School
... principal greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2), continue to rise.2 The challenges of securing international agreement, the perceived cost of CO2 emission reductions, and the recognition that even relatively ambitious CO2 measures may take decades to have a substantial impact on rising global tempera ...
... principal greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2), continue to rise.2 The challenges of securing international agreement, the perceived cost of CO2 emission reductions, and the recognition that even relatively ambitious CO2 measures may take decades to have a substantial impact on rising global tempera ...
prospects and pitfalls of the kyoto protocol to the united nations
... other hand, more environmentally progressive nations have argued for an international benchmark of CDM project eligibility, emphasising the CDM’s stated aims of fostering sustainable development,26 a concept which, according to the EU, must necessarily preclude nuclear and sink projects from the CDM ...
... other hand, more environmentally progressive nations have argued for an international benchmark of CDM project eligibility, emphasising the CDM’s stated aims of fostering sustainable development,26 a concept which, according to the EU, must necessarily preclude nuclear and sink projects from the CDM ...
1.2 South Korea`s contribution (INDC)
... the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). It has become the second largest ETS in operation after the EU ETS. In the Kyoto Protocol, “flexible mechanisms” were introduced to lower the overall costs of achieving its mitigation target. These mechanisms include Clean Development Mechanism ( ...
... the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). It has become the second largest ETS in operation after the EU ETS. In the Kyoto Protocol, “flexible mechanisms” were introduced to lower the overall costs of achieving its mitigation target. These mechanisms include Clean Development Mechanism ( ...
PDF
... Indonesia and Brazil are special cases in that their emissions profile is dominated by carbon from deforestation and other land-based sources. These have been broadly stagnant over recent years, and in some cases might fall even without specific climate policy interventions, resulting in only small ...
... Indonesia and Brazil are special cases in that their emissions profile is dominated by carbon from deforestation and other land-based sources. These have been broadly stagnant over recent years, and in some cases might fall even without specific climate policy interventions, resulting in only small ...
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
... important first step in the fight against global climate change by setting out specific, binding emission reduction commitments. The Treaty has meanwhile spawned an international carbon market that has brought about significant emission reductions and contributed to the transfer of clean technologie ...
... important first step in the fight against global climate change by setting out specific, binding emission reduction commitments. The Treaty has meanwhile spawned an international carbon market that has brought about significant emission reductions and contributed to the transfer of clean technologie ...
UNFCCC: UNITING ON CLIMATE
... important first step in the fight against global climate change by setting out specific, binding emission reduction commitments. The Treaty has meanwhile spawned an international carbon market that has brought about significant emission reductions and contributed to the transfer of clean technologie ...
... important first step in the fight against global climate change by setting out specific, binding emission reduction commitments. The Treaty has meanwhile spawned an international carbon market that has brought about significant emission reductions and contributed to the transfer of clean technologie ...
DOC - Climate Change Authority
... concentrations of greenhouse gases increase, more heat is retained and the climate warms. We are already experiencing the early impacts of the problem: globally, extreme weather events have become more frequent and sea levels have risen; in Australia, there are already more days of extreme heat, mor ...
... concentrations of greenhouse gases increase, more heat is retained and the climate warms. We are already experiencing the early impacts of the problem: globally, extreme weather events have become more frequent and sea levels have risen; in Australia, there are already more days of extreme heat, mor ...
Climate Change: The Role of .S. Agriculture Sector the U
... reduction programs that would either mandate or authorize a cap-and-trade program to reduce GHG emissions. In general, the current legislative proposals would not require emission reductions in the agriculture and forestry sectors. However, some of these proposals would allow farmers and landowners ...
... reduction programs that would either mandate or authorize a cap-and-trade program to reduce GHG emissions. In general, the current legislative proposals would not require emission reductions in the agriculture and forestry sectors. However, some of these proposals would allow farmers and landowners ...
CLIMATE AND DEVELOPMENT COUNTRIES
... shed light on the elusive concept of equity vis-à-vis international climate politics. Why were so many people especially in the South getting so excited about equity? Is something wrong with how things currently stand in climate negotiations? The project was to analyse the differences and similariti ...
... shed light on the elusive concept of equity vis-à-vis international climate politics. Why were so many people especially in the South getting so excited about equity? Is something wrong with how things currently stand in climate negotiations? The project was to analyse the differences and similariti ...
Document
... All non forest carbon aspects that need to be consistently and periodically monitored to prevent or mitigate identified risks and promote benefits. Preventive actions should be related to human rights, FPIC, gender, stakeholder engagement and ...
... All non forest carbon aspects that need to be consistently and periodically monitored to prevent or mitigate identified risks and promote benefits. Preventive actions should be related to human rights, FPIC, gender, stakeholder engagement and ...
Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme Green Paper
... impact on business and households. The Government’s Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme will, for the first time, place a limit, or cap, on the amount of carbon pollution industry can emit. It will require affected businesses and industry to buy a ‘pollution permit’ for each tonne of carbon they contr ...
... impact on business and households. The Government’s Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme will, for the first time, place a limit, or cap, on the amount of carbon pollution industry can emit. It will require affected businesses and industry to buy a ‘pollution permit’ for each tonne of carbon they contr ...
Subglobal Regulation of the Global Commons: The Case of Climate
... ("[flailing back to national-scale intervention... invites free riding, holdouts, and inefficient spending of limited resources—and thus structural regulatory failure.... At least from a theoretical viewpoint, inherently global problems demand concerted worldwide action"); Sean T. Fox, Responding to ...
... ("[flailing back to national-scale intervention... invites free riding, holdouts, and inefficient spending of limited resources—and thus structural regulatory failure.... At least from a theoretical viewpoint, inherently global problems demand concerted worldwide action"); Sean T. Fox, Responding to ...
Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory for all sectors of Sonoma
... The higher temperatures forecast by scientists will worsen air quality in several ways. Ozone formation tends to increase with higher temperatures, strong sunlight, and a stable air mass, as shown in the following graph. Higher temperatures also increase air pollution by causing vegetation to emit m ...
... The higher temperatures forecast by scientists will worsen air quality in several ways. Ozone formation tends to increase with higher temperatures, strong sunlight, and a stable air mass, as shown in the following graph. Higher temperatures also increase air pollution by causing vegetation to emit m ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.