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Module: Introduction Module: Management [Investor]
... terms of energy and carbon emissions savings, with all our operations having targets in place for energy and carbon emissions reduction to 2015. d) The most important components of the long term strategy that have been influenced by climate change: Anglo American has embarked on a Mine2030 project, ...
... terms of energy and carbon emissions savings, with all our operations having targets in place for energy and carbon emissions reduction to 2015. d) The most important components of the long term strategy that have been influenced by climate change: Anglo American has embarked on a Mine2030 project, ...
Australia`s future emissions reduction targets
... concentrations of greenhouse gases increase, more heat is retained and the climate warms. We are already experiencing the early impacts of the problem: globally, extreme weather events have become more frequent and sea levels have risen; in Australia, there are already more days of extreme heat, mor ...
... concentrations of greenhouse gases increase, more heat is retained and the climate warms. We are already experiencing the early impacts of the problem: globally, extreme weather events have become more frequent and sea levels have risen; in Australia, there are already more days of extreme heat, mor ...
The growing role of methane in anthropogenic climate change
... Mitigation opportunities Despite important uncertainties in methane sources and sinks, the recent increase in methane concentrations suggests a dominant anthropogenic contribution (either biogenic or thermogenic). Methane therefore offers growing opportunities for climate change mitigation that coul ...
... Mitigation opportunities Despite important uncertainties in methane sources and sinks, the recent increase in methane concentrations suggests a dominant anthropogenic contribution (either biogenic or thermogenic). Methane therefore offers growing opportunities for climate change mitigation that coul ...
Tracking pan-Canadian climate progress and
... 2016 is set to be a decisive year for climate policies in Canada. Building on a rush of climate policy commitments leading up to the Paris climate conference and strong growth in clean energy investments, Canada is now navigating uncharted territory. For the first time ever, Canadian political leade ...
... 2016 is set to be a decisive year for climate policies in Canada. Building on a rush of climate policy commitments leading up to the Paris climate conference and strong growth in clean energy investments, Canada is now navigating uncharted territory. For the first time ever, Canadian political leade ...
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dr Jacek Batóg[1], dr Barbara Batóg Department of Econometrics
... ozone-forming potential per 1000 units of GDP) and D – emissions of particulate matter (tonnes of particulate-forming potential per 1000 units of GDP). The emissions of acidifying pollutants, greenhouse gas and ozone precursors are defined according to the Convention on ...
... ozone-forming potential per 1000 units of GDP) and D – emissions of particulate matter (tonnes of particulate-forming potential per 1000 units of GDP). The emissions of acidifying pollutants, greenhouse gas and ozone precursors are defined according to the Convention on ...
Nitrous Oxide from Agricultural Sources: Potential Role in Greenhouse Gas Emission
... equivalent). One proposed strategy to lower N2O emissions is more efficient application of synthetic fertilizers. However, further analysis is needed to determine the economic feasibility of this approach as well as techniques to measure and monitor the adoption rate and impact of N2O emission reduc ...
... equivalent). One proposed strategy to lower N2O emissions is more efficient application of synthetic fertilizers. However, further analysis is needed to determine the economic feasibility of this approach as well as techniques to measure and monitor the adoption rate and impact of N2O emission reduc ...
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... is "catastrophic" damages—that is, the existence of some threshold for change that if surpassed will cause dramatically higher damage to the environment and society.2 This contrasts sharply with most analytical studies, which fail to suggest a threshold.3 Based on the price-quantity literature, howe ...
... is "catastrophic" damages—that is, the existence of some threshold for change that if surpassed will cause dramatically higher damage to the environment and society.2 This contrasts sharply with most analytical studies, which fail to suggest a threshold.3 Based on the price-quantity literature, howe ...
Implementing the carbon tax - Policy Advice Division
... policies that New Zealand will implement in responding to climate change. As part of that package, it was decided that the international price of emissions should initially be reflected in our economy through a carbon tax, approximating the international price of emissions but capped at NZ$25/tonne ...
... policies that New Zealand will implement in responding to climate change. As part of that package, it was decided that the international price of emissions should initially be reflected in our economy through a carbon tax, approximating the international price of emissions but capped at NZ$25/tonne ...
What does the Paris Agreement mean for climate policy in the
... On a sector-specific level, this means …that 100% of energy demand should be covered by renewable sources by 2025 – 2035; …that 100% of electricity generation has to come from renewable sources at the latest by 2025. This includes a complete phase-out of coal latest by 2020; …that the total personal ...
... On a sector-specific level, this means …that 100% of energy demand should be covered by renewable sources by 2025 – 2035; …that 100% of electricity generation has to come from renewable sources at the latest by 2025. This includes a complete phase-out of coal latest by 2020; …that the total personal ...
Hayward2008 - Napa Watersheds
... European dwelling). When these differences are normalized, American GHG emissions are in line with most European nations. The most important new analysis in this year’s Index is a breakdown in practical terms of the most frequently mentioned emissions-reduction target—80 percent by the year 2050. • ...
... European dwelling). When these differences are normalized, American GHG emissions are in line with most European nations. The most important new analysis in this year’s Index is a breakdown in practical terms of the most frequently mentioned emissions-reduction target—80 percent by the year 2050. • ...
Note by the International Maritime Organization (IMO)
... Shipping is probably the most international of all the world's industries, carrying up to 90 per cent of global trade by weight in a cost and energy efficient way around the world. IMO, as the UN’s specialized agency responsible for the global regulation of all facets pertaining to international shi ...
... Shipping is probably the most international of all the world's industries, carrying up to 90 per cent of global trade by weight in a cost and energy efficient way around the world. IMO, as the UN’s specialized agency responsible for the global regulation of all facets pertaining to international shi ...
Researches on Agricultural Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and
... 3.2.1 Establish the concept of low-carbon marketing Low-carbon marketing is the fundamental instruction. It’s a systematic and arduous task to establish such concept in China's wide agricultural production operator. In currently stage, the quality of agricultural production managers generally is not ...
... 3.2.1 Establish the concept of low-carbon marketing Low-carbon marketing is the fundamental instruction. It’s a systematic and arduous task to establish such concept in China's wide agricultural production operator. In currently stage, the quality of agricultural production managers generally is not ...
Black carbon aerosols and the third polar ice cap
... simulations that include the snow/ice albedo (SA) change due to black carbon (BC) deposition on snow/ice surfaces (D+I+SA). (4) To evaluate the influence of sea-surface temperature (SST) changes on snow/ice cover, we include SSTs averaged for 1993–2002 for Year 2000 aerosol emissions instead of the ...
... simulations that include the snow/ice albedo (SA) change due to black carbon (BC) deposition on snow/ice surfaces (D+I+SA). (4) To evaluate the influence of sea-surface temperature (SST) changes on snow/ice cover, we include SSTs averaged for 1993–2002 for Year 2000 aerosol emissions instead of the ...
Historical responsibility for climate change: science and the science-policy interface
... terrestrial carbon uptake. Instead of giving less weight to early emissions, nonlinearity between radiative forcing and concentrations of CO2 gives more weight to early emissions. Giving objective policy advice is further challenged by the fact that historical contributions to climate change are not ...
... terrestrial carbon uptake. Instead of giving less weight to early emissions, nonlinearity between radiative forcing and concentrations of CO2 gives more weight to early emissions. Giving objective policy advice is further challenged by the fact that historical contributions to climate change are not ...
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... In this paper, we analyze the problem of designing a self-enforcing international environmental agreement for climate change. Addressing questions of whether a country will choose to participate in a climate change agreement, or if participating will choose to comply with an agreement, requires an ...
... In this paper, we analyze the problem of designing a self-enforcing international environmental agreement for climate change. Addressing questions of whether a country will choose to participate in a climate change agreement, or if participating will choose to comply with an agreement, requires an ...
The net climate impact of coal
... consumption rates, enough reserves are available to last more than a century (Energy Information Administration, 2009; hereafter EIA, 2009). Nearly half the known reserves are in the US, China and India, countries with large projected increases in energy demand over coming decades. Coal-fired power ...
... consumption rates, enough reserves are available to last more than a century (Energy Information Administration, 2009; hereafter EIA, 2009). Nearly half the known reserves are in the US, China and India, countries with large projected increases in energy demand over coming decades. Coal-fired power ...
Chapter 10 - Graduate Institute of International and Development
... A process intended to improve our information base, to encourage national planning and response measures, and to produce more substantive standards should scientific evidence continue to mount that human activities may change the Earth’s climate ...
... A process intended to improve our information base, to encourage national planning and response measures, and to produce more substantive standards should scientific evidence continue to mount that human activities may change the Earth’s climate ...
Chapter 6 Non-CO climate effects of aviation
... and increased non-CO2 effects, rather than finding an appropriate balance between CO2 emissions and non-CO2 effects. In order to address non-CO2 effects therefore, flanking instruments could in principle be introduced to complement capping of aviation CO2 emissions. For example: • The European Commi ...
... and increased non-CO2 effects, rather than finding an appropriate balance between CO2 emissions and non-CO2 effects. In order to address non-CO2 effects therefore, flanking instruments could in principle be introduced to complement capping of aviation CO2 emissions. For example: • The European Commi ...
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... Another channel of carbon leakage is via the international fossil fuel channel. Carbon-constrained countries adopt stringent climate policies to cut their consumption of fossil fuels. This will push down the international prices of fossil fuels. These reduced prices will in turn induce an increase i ...
... Another channel of carbon leakage is via the international fossil fuel channel. Carbon-constrained countries adopt stringent climate policies to cut their consumption of fossil fuels. This will push down the international prices of fossil fuels. These reduced prices will in turn induce an increase i ...
A Low Carbon Route Map - Keep Scotland Beautiful
... All over Scotland and beyond, people are working together in communities to reduce CO2e1 emissions. These are early days and there is still much to learn about what works – lots of new approaches and ideas to be tried and explored. Any community thinking of developing carbon reduction projects will ...
... All over Scotland and beyond, people are working together in communities to reduce CO2e1 emissions. These are early days and there is still much to learn about what works – lots of new approaches and ideas to be tried and explored. Any community thinking of developing carbon reduction projects will ...
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... discount rate. Because the potential benefits from mitigation accrue many centuries into the future, even small changes in the discount rate can have a large effect on the appropriate emissions price. We approach climate change as a standard asset pricing problem. Carbon in the atmosphere is an ‘ass ...
... discount rate. Because the potential benefits from mitigation accrue many centuries into the future, even small changes in the discount rate can have a large effect on the appropriate emissions price. We approach climate change as a standard asset pricing problem. Carbon in the atmosphere is an ‘ass ...
Cooperation on Climate-Change Mitigation
... Global environmental problems such as climate change, depletion of the ozone layer and loss of biodiversity have risen to the top of the world’s environmental agenda. For each of these problems there is a large scientific literature warning of the dangers of failing to successfully address the issue ...
... Global environmental problems such as climate change, depletion of the ozone layer and loss of biodiversity have risen to the top of the world’s environmental agenda. For each of these problems there is a large scientific literature warning of the dangers of failing to successfully address the issue ...
international, national, and state responses to climate change
... to inevitable environmental changes will require coordinated and aggressive efforts on the international, national, and local levels. In response to the global challenge of climate change, many nations have committed to binding greenhouse gas emission reduction requirements under the Kyoto Protocol. ...
... to inevitable environmental changes will require coordinated and aggressive efforts on the international, national, and local levels. In response to the global challenge of climate change, many nations have committed to binding greenhouse gas emission reduction requirements under the Kyoto Protocol. ...
Combating Global Climate Change - University of Michigan Law
... system to reduce acid rain in the 1990s, 4 we have never used cap and trade to address an emissions problem that involves such a wide variety of sources, nor do we have experience with a global cap and trade system. A more efficient and effective market-based approach to reduce carbon dioxide emissi ...
... system to reduce acid rain in the 1990s, 4 we have never used cap and trade to address an emissions problem that involves such a wide variety of sources, nor do we have experience with a global cap and trade system. A more efficient and effective market-based approach to reduce carbon dioxide emissi ...
CANADA`S SECOND BIENNIAL REPORT ON CLIMATE CHANGE
... by sources within the Agriculture sector (8% of total emissions) and Industrial Processes and Product Use sector (7%), with minor contributions from the Waste sector (3%). The emissions breakdown by IPCC sector is shown below in Figure 2-1. For the purposes of analyzing trends and policies, it is al ...
... by sources within the Agriculture sector (8% of total emissions) and Industrial Processes and Product Use sector (7%), with minor contributions from the Waste sector (3%). The emissions breakdown by IPCC sector is shown below in Figure 2-1. For the purposes of analyzing trends and policies, it is al ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.