Carbon Commons - University of Chicago Law School
... causes global warming and other forms of climate disruption, while that portion which enters the ocean causes ocean acidification. Allocation of the global carbon commons requires us to know the relation between climaterelevant emissions and climate change. Other significant greenhouse gases, notabl ...
... causes global warming and other forms of climate disruption, while that portion which enters the ocean causes ocean acidification. Allocation of the global carbon commons requires us to know the relation between climaterelevant emissions and climate change. Other significant greenhouse gases, notabl ...
17 - City of Santa Cruz
... California is a substantial contributor of global greenhouse gases, emitting over 400 million metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) a year 3 . Because primary greenhouse gases have a long lifetime in the atmosphere, accumulate over time, and are generally well mixed, their impact on the atmosphere is ...
... California is a substantial contributor of global greenhouse gases, emitting over 400 million metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) a year 3 . Because primary greenhouse gases have a long lifetime in the atmosphere, accumulate over time, and are generally well mixed, their impact on the atmosphere is ...
Construction of abatement cost curves
... banned chlorofluorocarbons then their significance is almost similar to CO2 (Reilly et al., 2003). To limit climate change in the most effective way, then climate policies have to cope with all of them simultaneously. A significant benefit that non-CO2 GHGs provide is their quite low abatement cost ...
... banned chlorofluorocarbons then their significance is almost similar to CO2 (Reilly et al., 2003). To limit climate change in the most effective way, then climate policies have to cope with all of them simultaneously. A significant benefit that non-CO2 GHGs provide is their quite low abatement cost ...
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... Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. ...
... Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. ...
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... little, too fast”; developing countries should play a more substantial role and receive incentives to participate; implementation should focus on market-based approaches, especially those with price mechanisms; and participation and compliance incentives are inadequately addressed by most proposals. ...
... little, too fast”; developing countries should play a more substantial role and receive incentives to participate; implementation should focus on market-based approaches, especially those with price mechanisms; and participation and compliance incentives are inadequately addressed by most proposals. ...
Bilateral Cooperation between China and the United States
... consumption per unit of GDP was reduced by 9 percent; the equivalent of approximately 350 million tons coal equivalent was saved—that is, a reduction of more than 840 MtCO2 (million tons of carbon dioxide). These measures also bring collateral benefits in reducing air pollution in urban areas, which ...
... consumption per unit of GDP was reduced by 9 percent; the equivalent of approximately 350 million tons coal equivalent was saved—that is, a reduction of more than 840 MtCO2 (million tons of carbon dioxide). These measures also bring collateral benefits in reducing air pollution in urban areas, which ...
Resources How to Evaluate Domestic Climate Policy Options 14
... These findings do not imply that energy codes are the most effective policy to promote energy conservation and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The alternatives—a comprehensive capand-trade policy on emissions or a carbon tax—would increase the price of energy and provide an economic incenti ...
... These findings do not imply that energy codes are the most effective policy to promote energy conservation and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The alternatives—a comprehensive capand-trade policy on emissions or a carbon tax—would increase the price of energy and provide an economic incenti ...
National contributions to observed global warming
... national climate contributions due to non-CO2 gases represents a mixture of industrial and agricultural sources of emissions, with the result that current areas of extensive agricultural production in the developing world emerge as large contributors alongside more developed countries. Finally, the ...
... national climate contributions due to non-CO2 gases represents a mixture of industrial and agricultural sources of emissions, with the result that current areas of extensive agricultural production in the developing world emerge as large contributors alongside more developed countries. Finally, the ...
Overview of IACCF
... 3.2 Scenarios for stabilisation below WRE500 (approx 600ppm CO2e) For the purposes of this paper two emissions stabilisation scenarios are discussed, both published by the International Energy Agency in its World Energy Outlook (WEO) in November 2007. These scenarios have been chosen because they co ...
... 3.2 Scenarios for stabilisation below WRE500 (approx 600ppm CO2e) For the purposes of this paper two emissions stabilisation scenarios are discussed, both published by the International Energy Agency in its World Energy Outlook (WEO) in November 2007. These scenarios have been chosen because they co ...
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... at the aggregated level of developed vs. developing countries in which safety and fairness are formulated in terms of cumulative emissions and cumulative per capita emissions respectively. It becomes evident that safety and fairness cannot be achieved simultaneously for strict definitions of both. T ...
... at the aggregated level of developed vs. developing countries in which safety and fairness are formulated in terms of cumulative emissions and cumulative per capita emissions respectively. It becomes evident that safety and fairness cannot be achieved simultaneously for strict definitions of both. T ...
Compressed Natural Gas Conversion of Motor Vehicles in Dhaka
... Initiatives to regulate emissions from brick field were undertaken. One major initiative that visibly ...
... Initiatives to regulate emissions from brick field were undertaken. One major initiative that visibly ...
Industrialized-Country Mitigation Policy and Resource Transfers to
... emissions is central to worldwide progress in reducing the risks of anthropogenic climate change. Industrialized-country governments and publics are increasingly concerned that their emissions reduction commitments are unrequited by action in some of the world’s largest emitters, especially India an ...
... emissions is central to worldwide progress in reducing the risks of anthropogenic climate change. Industrialized-country governments and publics are increasingly concerned that their emissions reduction commitments are unrequited by action in some of the world’s largest emitters, especially India an ...
Climate Change: Top 10 Precepts for U.S. Foreign Policy
... Identifying a long-term goal internally, as part of the policy process to develop a global climate strategy, would serve two important functions. First, this approach would help organize and guide decisions about more specific mitigation options, such as national emissions targets or sectoral measu ...
... Identifying a long-term goal internally, as part of the policy process to develop a global climate strategy, would serve two important functions. First, this approach would help organize and guide decisions about more specific mitigation options, such as national emissions targets or sectoral measu ...
Kyoto Protocol: an introduction
... economy to achieve quantified emission reduction targets. These countries, known under the UNFCCC as Annex I parties (also called developed or industrialised countries), agreed to reduce their overall emissions of greenhouse gases by an average of 5% below 1990 levels in the period 2008-2012 (i.e. t ...
... economy to achieve quantified emission reduction targets. These countries, known under the UNFCCC as Annex I parties (also called developed or industrialised countries), agreed to reduce their overall emissions of greenhouse gases by an average of 5% below 1990 levels in the period 2008-2012 (i.e. t ...
The Contribution of Urban Areas to Climate Change - UN
... to consume a large part of the energy produced to meet the demands of transport, industrial and commercial activities and thermal comfort. Solid waste and domestic, commercial and industrial effluents are also mostly produced in urban agglomerations. These factors, amongst others, can cause local an ...
... to consume a large part of the energy produced to meet the demands of transport, industrial and commercial activities and thermal comfort. Solid waste and domestic, commercial and industrial effluents are also mostly produced in urban agglomerations. These factors, amongst others, can cause local an ...
Greenhouse Gases
... Direct measurement of greenhouse gases at the emission source can give the most accurate and precise assessment of greenhouse gas emissions. This is typically not feasible at a mine because of the cost involved, the disruption to production involved and the typically large number of trucks and plant ...
... Direct measurement of greenhouse gases at the emission source can give the most accurate and precise assessment of greenhouse gas emissions. This is typically not feasible at a mine because of the cost involved, the disruption to production involved and the typically large number of trucks and plant ...
EEA - unece
... renewable deployment (meeting targets), while phasing out nuclear risks increasing emissions if these plants are replaced by fossil fuels ...
... renewable deployment (meeting targets), while phasing out nuclear risks increasing emissions if these plants are replaced by fossil fuels ...
Document
... Requires GHG emissions reduced to 1990 levels by 2020 Early Action measures (low carbon fuel standard, mobile air conditioning, tire pressure program, shore power for oceangoing vessels) Governor has “safety valve” in the event of extraordinary ...
... Requires GHG emissions reduced to 1990 levels by 2020 Early Action measures (low carbon fuel standard, mobile air conditioning, tire pressure program, shore power for oceangoing vessels) Governor has “safety valve” in the event of extraordinary ...
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)
... Requires GHG emissions reduced to 1990 levels by 2020 Early Action measures (low carbon fuel standard, mobile air conditioning, tire pressure program, shore power for oceangoing vessels) Governor has “safety valve” in the event of extraordinary ...
... Requires GHG emissions reduced to 1990 levels by 2020 Early Action measures (low carbon fuel standard, mobile air conditioning, tire pressure program, shore power for oceangoing vessels) Governor has “safety valve” in the event of extraordinary ...
english - Sustainable Development of Tourism
... addition to the direct economic impact on air transport, this may lead to discrimination 6 . Also, in the absence of a global solution, traffic flow may be diverted to or via less costly carbon-levied points - such “carbon leakage” distortions are environmentally unhelpful. Concerns regarding fragme ...
... addition to the direct economic impact on air transport, this may lead to discrimination 6 . Also, in the absence of a global solution, traffic flow may be diverted to or via less costly carbon-levied points - such “carbon leakage” distortions are environmentally unhelpful. Concerns regarding fragme ...
Developing countries and the future of the Kyoto Protocol
... The Bush administration’s uncompromising stance has reinforced many developing countries’ public positions against taking on commitments until richer countries have taken action. This was borne out at the 9th Conference of Parties to the UNFCCC at New Delhi in October 2002, where the European Union ...
... The Bush administration’s uncompromising stance has reinforced many developing countries’ public positions against taking on commitments until richer countries have taken action. This was borne out at the 9th Conference of Parties to the UNFCCC at New Delhi in October 2002, where the European Union ...
Peak and Decline Emissions Paths and the Global Warming Target
... required annual reduction is 1.7%; for a 10% increase in both variables (to 57 GtCO2e and 495 GtC) the required rate of reduction is still about 1.7%. Thirdly, we tested the sensitivity of these results for less than complete offsetting of the warming effects of non‐CO2 gases by the cooling effects ...
... required annual reduction is 1.7%; for a 10% increase in both variables (to 57 GtCO2e and 495 GtC) the required rate of reduction is still about 1.7%. Thirdly, we tested the sensitivity of these results for less than complete offsetting of the warming effects of non‐CO2 gases by the cooling effects ...
english - Sustainable Development of Tourism
... FOCUS Tourism – business and leisure travel - is a significant global industry making positive contributions to growth, trade and development, with particular potential for poor countries. Tourism is both affected fundamentally by climate change and a significant contributor to the global emissions ...
... FOCUS Tourism – business and leisure travel - is a significant global industry making positive contributions to growth, trade and development, with particular potential for poor countries. Tourism is both affected fundamentally by climate change and a significant contributor to the global emissions ...
National Inventory Report on greenhouse gas sources and sinks
... includes reaching a post-2020 global climate change agreement, working with our North American partners and taking action domestically. Under the Copenhagen Accord, Canada has committed to reducing its GHG emis- ...
... includes reaching a post-2020 global climate change agreement, working with our North American partners and taking action domestically. Under the Copenhagen Accord, Canada has committed to reducing its GHG emis- ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.