"Climate Change and Agriculture: Agriculture's Role in Cap-and-Trade"
... Cap-and-Trade…and Opportunities for Agriculture Q: What is the role of Agricultural Offsets in Cap-and-Trade? A: Offsets are a cost-containment measure (keep costs of cap-&-trade system lower for society, for capped entities); and, A: Soil sinks, other ag reductions have multiple ancillary benefits ...
... Cap-and-Trade…and Opportunities for Agriculture Q: What is the role of Agricultural Offsets in Cap-and-Trade? A: Offsets are a cost-containment measure (keep costs of cap-&-trade system lower for society, for capped entities); and, A: Soil sinks, other ag reductions have multiple ancillary benefits ...
air traffic controls: the hidden costs of a new london runway
... lower-carbon technologies. But in the aviation sector, no such step-change alternatives are available, and the scope for rapidly improving efficiency is restricted due to technological limits and structural features of the market such as fleet operating life. Therefore, carbon pricing in aviation wi ...
... lower-carbon technologies. But in the aviation sector, no such step-change alternatives are available, and the scope for rapidly improving efficiency is restricted due to technological limits and structural features of the market such as fleet operating life. Therefore, carbon pricing in aviation wi ...
Comparing CO2 emissions to CO2 levels
... Climate Myth: CO2 emissions do not correlate with CO2 concentration 'It is easily demonstrated that there is no correlation between CO2 emissions and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Over the three years from 1979 to 1982 when CO2 emissions were decreasing due to the rapid increase in the price of oil ...
... Climate Myth: CO2 emissions do not correlate with CO2 concentration 'It is easily demonstrated that there is no correlation between CO2 emissions and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Over the three years from 1979 to 1982 when CO2 emissions were decreasing due to the rapid increase in the price of oil ...
Green Market Responses to Global Governance: International
... ‘free’ or otherwise sell permits that were costless to begin with. This is a significantly different scenario from the one of firms invited to abate emissions voluntarily or constrained by carbon taxes or auctioned permits. As Bovenberg and Goulder (2001) show, only a relatively small allocation of ...
... ‘free’ or otherwise sell permits that were costless to begin with. This is a significantly different scenario from the one of firms invited to abate emissions voluntarily or constrained by carbon taxes or auctioned permits. As Bovenberg and Goulder (2001) show, only a relatively small allocation of ...
The Kyoto Protocol: A Review and Perspectives
... More than 10 years of climate policy negotiations have produced the Kyoto Protocol, the first legally binding international agreement on climate protection, which may enter into force in the near future. Opponents to the Protocol have condemned it as a “deeply flawed agreement that manages to be bot ...
... More than 10 years of climate policy negotiations have produced the Kyoto Protocol, the first legally binding international agreement on climate protection, which may enter into force in the near future. Opponents to the Protocol have condemned it as a “deeply flawed agreement that manages to be bot ...
Working Paper 165 - Dechezlepretre et al 2015 (opens in new window)
... community to collect climate change-relevant data at the level of individual businesses, with the view to understanding the exposure of companies to future climate change policies. The unique feature of the CDP data is that emissions for multinational businesses are broken down by country. Hence we ...
... community to collect climate change-relevant data at the level of individual businesses, with the view to understanding the exposure of companies to future climate change policies. The unique feature of the CDP data is that emissions for multinational businesses are broken down by country. Hence we ...
science-based targets
... relevant to climate change. They define carbon limits and the consequences of excessive emissions. Setting targets based on IPCC data allows businesses to position themselves for impending change, with the following benefits: INNOVATION / Companies are finding ways to strategically delink economic g ...
... relevant to climate change. They define carbon limits and the consequences of excessive emissions. Setting targets based on IPCC data allows businesses to position themselves for impending change, with the following benefits: INNOVATION / Companies are finding ways to strategically delink economic g ...
PDF
... one of 27 chapters of what is generally seen as an authoritative report, the Stern Review had a powerful effect on governments. It forcefully made the argument that, globally, policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will be in the interest of economic growth rather than hampering it: though it r ...
... one of 27 chapters of what is generally seen as an authoritative report, the Stern Review had a powerful effect on governments. It forcefully made the argument that, globally, policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will be in the interest of economic growth rather than hampering it: though it r ...
Capturing all abatement potential currently modeled can reduce
... • What has to be done • How, where, and at what cost • Financing needs and sources ...
... • What has to be done • How, where, and at what cost • Financing needs and sources ...
Working Paper No 4 Kyoto Protocol Dilemma: Better to have a weak
... very large number of governments to fully participate and not making their own ‘game’. Verweij (2003) comments that “Its supporters have defended the Protocol as a ‘first step’. But making that first step has taken ten years (and counting), and subsequent steps may actually be harder to make”. Russi ...
... very large number of governments to fully participate and not making their own ‘game’. Verweij (2003) comments that “Its supporters have defended the Protocol as a ‘first step’. But making that first step has taken ten years (and counting), and subsequent steps may actually be harder to make”. Russi ...
Policy Instruments for Climate Change: How Can National Governments Address RESOURCES
... Two distinct categories of policy instruments need to be considered to address global climate change. First, there are fundamentally domestic policy instruments, intended to enable individual nations to achieve their specific targets or goals. Second, there are international (bilateral, multilateral ...
... Two distinct categories of policy instruments need to be considered to address global climate change. First, there are fundamentally domestic policy instruments, intended to enable individual nations to achieve their specific targets or goals. Second, there are international (bilateral, multilateral ...
A New Approach to Climate Change: A Consideration of Ancillary
... social, and economic conditions has placed it as one of the most significant challenges of the 21st Century. Current warming of the Earth’s climate is at .8 degrees Celsius over pre-industrial levels, and without significant action within the next three decades, warming over 2 degrees Celsius is alm ...
... social, and economic conditions has placed it as one of the most significant challenges of the 21st Century. Current warming of the Earth’s climate is at .8 degrees Celsius over pre-industrial levels, and without significant action within the next three decades, warming over 2 degrees Celsius is alm ...
What will global annual emissions of greenhouse gases be in
... For the European Union, we have simply calculated emissions in 2030 by reducing by 40% the figure for emissions in 1990 of the 28 Member States, as published by the European Environment Agency. For the United States, we have projected emissions in 2030 by extrapolating from the emissions in 2025, ca ...
... For the European Union, we have simply calculated emissions in 2030 by reducing by 40% the figure for emissions in 1990 of the 28 Member States, as published by the European Environment Agency. For the United States, we have projected emissions in 2030 by extrapolating from the emissions in 2025, ca ...
Carbon Price Forecasts - Parliamentary Commissioner for the
... ERUs that result from nuclear projects6 and it does not allow AAUs from other countries to be used. The EU market similarly does not allow purchase of AAUs, has some limits on ERU purchases (those associated with large hydro developments) and sets an overall limit on the number of units that can be ...
... ERUs that result from nuclear projects6 and it does not allow AAUs from other countries to be used. The EU market similarly does not allow purchase of AAUs, has some limits on ERU purchases (those associated with large hydro developments) and sets an overall limit on the number of units that can be ...
Executive Summary
... Canada’s total greenhouse gas emissions were estimated to be 692 Mt CO2 eq,2 an increase of approximately 2 Mt (0.25%) from the 2009 level of 690 Mt. Since 2005, Canadian GHG emissions have decreased by 48 Mt (6.5%). Canada’s emissions in 2010 were 102 Mt (17%) above the 1990 total of 589 Mt (Figure ...
... Canada’s total greenhouse gas emissions were estimated to be 692 Mt CO2 eq,2 an increase of approximately 2 Mt (0.25%) from the 2009 level of 690 Mt. Since 2005, Canadian GHG emissions have decreased by 48 Mt (6.5%). Canada’s emissions in 2010 were 102 Mt (17%) above the 1990 total of 589 Mt (Figure ...
A Proposal for the Design of the Successor to the Kyoto Protocol*
... The emphasis on fairness has a practical implication. The acceptance of primary responsibility for causing the problem does not imply an open-ended commitment to bear all the costs, for all time, of its remedy. Kyoto II must set the stage for achieving the cooperation from developing countries that ...
... The emphasis on fairness has a practical implication. The acceptance of primary responsibility for causing the problem does not imply an open-ended commitment to bear all the costs, for all time, of its remedy. Kyoto II must set the stage for achieving the cooperation from developing countries that ...
Australian Climate Policy Survey
... Carbon Pricing: The Paris Agreement’s Key Ingredient Report April 2016, International Emissions Trading Association ...
... Carbon Pricing: The Paris Agreement’s Key Ingredient Report April 2016, International Emissions Trading Association ...
CoP4 reviews from the BBC etc.
... understandably reluctant to do anything that will hurt their prospects for economic growth. So there is a huge debate about how to share the burden of reducing dependency on fossil fuels. Moreover, it is a bit like setting up a cartel - it will only work if everyone abides by the rules. That means t ...
... understandably reluctant to do anything that will hurt their prospects for economic growth. So there is a huge debate about how to share the burden of reducing dependency on fossil fuels. Moreover, it is a bit like setting up a cartel - it will only work if everyone abides by the rules. That means t ...
kyoto protocol and aftermath
... Supervisory Committee has to determine whether the relevant requirements have been fulfilled before host States can issue and transfer ERUs. Currently more than, 196 projects under JI Track 1 have met with automatic approval, while about 26 projects under Track 2 fulfilled the relevant requirements ...
... Supervisory Committee has to determine whether the relevant requirements have been fulfilled before host States can issue and transfer ERUs. Currently more than, 196 projects under JI Track 1 have met with automatic approval, while about 26 projects under Track 2 fulfilled the relevant requirements ...
National baseline and INDC scenarios for Parties
... deforestation rates will stay at the same level as the period 2008-2012 while reforestation removals will decline [3]. Based on this, the BAU scenario shows a decrease of net annual LULUCF emissions by 2020 in the range of 3.6 Mt CO2e yr-1 compared to 2010 levels. As the BAU scenario has only been r ...
... deforestation rates will stay at the same level as the period 2008-2012 while reforestation removals will decline [3]. Based on this, the BAU scenario shows a decrease of net annual LULUCF emissions by 2020 in the range of 3.6 Mt CO2e yr-1 compared to 2010 levels. As the BAU scenario has only been r ...
Environmental economics and modeling marketable permits
... distortion equal to (qt − qp ). An identical argument shows in a similar fashion that this relationship holds when the realized marginal cost curve MCR lies above the expected marginal cost curve. The Weitzman theorem thus suggests the conditions under which each of these two policy instruments is t ...
... distortion equal to (qt − qp ). An identical argument shows in a similar fashion that this relationship holds when the realized marginal cost curve MCR lies above the expected marginal cost curve. The Weitzman theorem thus suggests the conditions under which each of these two policy instruments is t ...
Environmental economics and modelling marketable permits: Working Paper 25 (395 kB) (opens in new window)
... distortion equal to (qt − qp ). An identical argument shows in a similar fashion that this relationship holds when the realized marginal cost curve MCR lies above the expected marginal cost curve. The Weitzman theorem thus suggests the conditions under which each of these two policy instruments is t ...
... distortion equal to (qt − qp ). An identical argument shows in a similar fashion that this relationship holds when the realized marginal cost curve MCR lies above the expected marginal cost curve. The Weitzman theorem thus suggests the conditions under which each of these two policy instruments is t ...
The Carbon Majors Database
... the first in an ongoing series of publications aimed at using this Database – the most comprehensive available – to highlight the role that corporations can play in driving the global energy transition. Large-scale GHG emissions data has traditionally been collected at the country-level. In fact, th ...
... the first in an ongoing series of publications aimed at using this Database – the most comprehensive available – to highlight the role that corporations can play in driving the global energy transition. Large-scale GHG emissions data has traditionally been collected at the country-level. In fact, th ...
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... continue to suffer, from these effects. Global warming accelerates sea level rise, which threatens coastal populations, vital infrastructure and property, and delicate ecosystems. http://yosemite.epa.gov/OARJglobalwarming.nsf/content/CoastalZones.html. Some of the Petitioning states, such as Califor ...
... continue to suffer, from these effects. Global warming accelerates sea level rise, which threatens coastal populations, vital infrastructure and property, and delicate ecosystems. http://yosemite.epa.gov/OARJglobalwarming.nsf/content/CoastalZones.html. Some of the Petitioning states, such as Califor ...
`2°c capital stock` for electricity generation
... Guivarch & Hallegatte (2011) build upon these results by including non-CO2 greenhouse gases and inertia in transportation infrastructure to conclude that future climate policies need to consider existing polluting infrastructure if the 2°C stabilisation goal is to be met. Lecocq & Shalizi (2014) con ...
... Guivarch & Hallegatte (2011) build upon these results by including non-CO2 greenhouse gases and inertia in transportation infrastructure to conclude that future climate policies need to consider existing polluting infrastructure if the 2°C stabilisation goal is to be met. Lecocq & Shalizi (2014) con ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.