An hierarchical artificial neural network system for the classification
... developed—for example, von Heijne (1992), Cserzo et al. (1997) and Pasquier et al. (1999), to mention just a few. However, these algorithms focus on the localization of transmembrane segments in known integral membrane proteins and are not suited to the discrimination of membrane proteins from non-m ...
... developed—for example, von Heijne (1992), Cserzo et al. (1997) and Pasquier et al. (1999), to mention just a few. However, these algorithms focus on the localization of transmembrane segments in known integral membrane proteins and are not suited to the discrimination of membrane proteins from non-m ...
Comparative study of pathogenesis-related protein - NOPR
... the homology was in the range 75.67 (AlPR5) to 91.92% (ZoPR5-1). However, the maximum homology for ZzPR5 (85.71%) was observed with ZzPR5-1 and the minimum with AlPR5 (66.21%). The different physical and chemical protein parameters for PR5 proteins were analysed using the Expasy Protparam tool13 and ...
... the homology was in the range 75.67 (AlPR5) to 91.92% (ZoPR5-1). However, the maximum homology for ZzPR5 (85.71%) was observed with ZzPR5-1 and the minimum with AlPR5 (66.21%). The different physical and chemical protein parameters for PR5 proteins were analysed using the Expasy Protparam tool13 and ...
GeneCensus - Gerstein Lab Publications
... the enzyme in each genome. Additionally, it allows for the visualization of sequence similarity between the organisms compared with the specific enzyme for which the flux is being measured. Below the percent identity table, another table outlines the expression values of that specific enzyme in yeas ...
... the enzyme in each genome. Additionally, it allows for the visualization of sequence similarity between the organisms compared with the specific enzyme for which the flux is being measured. Below the percent identity table, another table outlines the expression values of that specific enzyme in yeas ...
Recognition Specificity for the Bacterial Avirulence Protein AvrPto Is
... will be required to test this possibility because tobacco ...
... will be required to test this possibility because tobacco ...
Mutation of exposed hydrophobic amino acids to arginine to
... substitution usually does not significantly affect the stability [10,19], although important improvements of stability by mutagenesis of a single solvent-exposed residue have been reported [20,21]. Several mutations stabilize the protein. A possible explanation could be that the interactions of nonp ...
... substitution usually does not significantly affect the stability [10,19], although important improvements of stability by mutagenesis of a single solvent-exposed residue have been reported [20,21]. Several mutations stabilize the protein. A possible explanation could be that the interactions of nonp ...
The Drosophila F-box protein Fbxl7 binds to the protocadherin Fat
... size and shape at the end of their development. The Hippo signaling pathway has emerged as a key regulator of organ size (reviewed by Pan, 2010; Halder and Johnson, 2011; Tapon and Harvey, 2012). While most components of this pathway were originally discovered using genetic screens in Drosophila, ma ...
... size and shape at the end of their development. The Hippo signaling pathway has emerged as a key regulator of organ size (reviewed by Pan, 2010; Halder and Johnson, 2011; Tapon and Harvey, 2012). While most components of this pathway were originally discovered using genetic screens in Drosophila, ma ...
Mesoderm induction: from caps to chips - UNC
... complexity of signalling factors that are used by the embryo for inducing mesoderm (TABLE 1). From the perspective of the embryo, there might be evolutionary advantages to having multiple factors with overlapping functions. From the perspective of the experimentalist, however, this degree of redunda ...
... complexity of signalling factors that are used by the embryo for inducing mesoderm (TABLE 1). From the perspective of the embryo, there might be evolutionary advantages to having multiple factors with overlapping functions. From the perspective of the experimentalist, however, this degree of redunda ...
FOUR la INVARIANT CHAIN FORMS DERIVE
... in the presence of a 18 by oligonucleotide (see below) in which the G residue of the second ATG codon was replaced by a C. Incorporation of this oligonucleotide in the reannealed plasmid resulted in the substitution ofan ATC codon for the ATG (isoleucine for methionine), and in the creation of a Cla ...
... in the presence of a 18 by oligonucleotide (see below) in which the G residue of the second ATG codon was replaced by a C. Incorporation of this oligonucleotide in the reannealed plasmid resulted in the substitution ofan ATC codon for the ATG (isoleucine for methionine), and in the creation of a Cla ...
Cyclic AMP-Mediated Inhibition of Cell Growth Requires the Small G
... the effects of growth factors and serum on mitogenesis, proliferation, and cell cycle progression. cAMP exerts these growth-inhibitory effects via inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade. Here, using Hek293 and NIH 3T3 cells, we show that cAMP’s inhibition of the MAP kinase ...
... the effects of growth factors and serum on mitogenesis, proliferation, and cell cycle progression. cAMP exerts these growth-inhibitory effects via inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade. Here, using Hek293 and NIH 3T3 cells, we show that cAMP’s inhibition of the MAP kinase ...
doc BIOL 200 Notes up to Midterm
... DNA and RNA are linear polymers of monomers called nucleotides; there are 5 different nucleotides o Purines: adenine, guanine; aromatic ring that involves 9 atoms o Pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine (DNA), uracil (RNA), aromatic ring that involves 6 atoms o Phosphodiester linkage links 3’ hydroxyl grou ...
... DNA and RNA are linear polymers of monomers called nucleotides; there are 5 different nucleotides o Purines: adenine, guanine; aromatic ring that involves 9 atoms o Pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine (DNA), uracil (RNA), aromatic ring that involves 6 atoms o Phosphodiester linkage links 3’ hydroxyl grou ...
determination of molecular weight
... modern molecular biology. Among its achievements is the demonstration that proteins are macromolecules rather than complexes of smaller units, and direct support for the semiconservative replication mechanism of DNA as proposed by Watson and Crick. Unlike techniques such as SDS PAGE or gel permeatio ...
... modern molecular biology. Among its achievements is the demonstration that proteins are macromolecules rather than complexes of smaller units, and direct support for the semiconservative replication mechanism of DNA as proposed by Watson and Crick. Unlike techniques such as SDS PAGE or gel permeatio ...
Proteins As Drugs - The Major Products of the Biotechnology Industry
... • Many normal cells express a small amount of HER2 protein on their plasma membranes in a tissue-specific pattern. • The HER2 receptor has no known ligand; however, HER2 forms heterodimers with HER1 (the epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR), HER3 and HER4 in a complex with the ligands for these r ...
... • Many normal cells express a small amount of HER2 protein on their plasma membranes in a tissue-specific pattern. • The HER2 receptor has no known ligand; however, HER2 forms heterodimers with HER1 (the epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR), HER3 and HER4 in a complex with the ligands for these r ...
Vitamins
... perform their various functions in the body. Some are hollow balls that carry materials Some much longer than they are wide Some function just they are; ...
... perform their various functions in the body. Some are hollow balls that carry materials Some much longer than they are wide Some function just they are; ...
Recombinant Rat Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF)
... Subsequent studies have demonstrated that CNTF is a survival factor for additional neuronal cell types including: dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons, sympathetic ganglion neurons, embryonic motor neurons, major pelvic ganglion neurons and hippocampal neurons. CNTF has also been shown to prevent th ...
... Subsequent studies have demonstrated that CNTF is a survival factor for additional neuronal cell types including: dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons, sympathetic ganglion neurons, embryonic motor neurons, major pelvic ganglion neurons and hippocampal neurons. CNTF has also been shown to prevent th ...
Recombinant Rat Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF)
... Subsequent studies have demonstrated that CNTF is a survival factor for additional neuronal cell types including: dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons, sympathetic ganglion neurons, embryonic motor neurons, major pelvic ganglion neurons and hippocampal neurons. CNTF has also been shown to prevent th ...
... Subsequent studies have demonstrated that CNTF is a survival factor for additional neuronal cell types including: dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons, sympathetic ganglion neurons, embryonic motor neurons, major pelvic ganglion neurons and hippocampal neurons. CNTF has also been shown to prevent th ...
an introduction to alpha-fetoprotein and the growth inhibitory peptide
... • Transport proteins- those which control the flow of materials across the body and cellular membranes e.g. albumin and AFP. • Regulatory proteins- they act as sensors and switches to control protein activity and gene function. • Signaling proteins- including cell-surface receptors and other protein ...
... • Transport proteins- those which control the flow of materials across the body and cellular membranes e.g. albumin and AFP. • Regulatory proteins- they act as sensors and switches to control protein activity and gene function. • Signaling proteins- including cell-surface receptors and other protein ...
Metabolic Pathway Flux Enhancement by Synthetic
... predictable control over gene expression (Pfleger et al., 2006; Salis et al., 2009; Win and Smolke, 2007), and directed evolution approaches for improved enzyme characteristics (Dougherty and Arnold, 2009; Zhang et al., 2008). In this chapter, we focus on ongoing efforts to improve pathway efficienc ...
... predictable control over gene expression (Pfleger et al., 2006; Salis et al., 2009; Win and Smolke, 2007), and directed evolution approaches for improved enzyme characteristics (Dougherty and Arnold, 2009; Zhang et al., 2008). In this chapter, we focus on ongoing efforts to improve pathway efficienc ...
Document
... to promote protein-protein interactions (i.e. for the Ras superfamily G-proteins). Prenyltranferases are enzymes catalyzing the addition of lipid moieties to proteins and are currently considered as potential targets in cancer therapy. Several candidate compounds targeting prenyltransferases show a ...
... to promote protein-protein interactions (i.e. for the Ras superfamily G-proteins). Prenyltranferases are enzymes catalyzing the addition of lipid moieties to proteins and are currently considered as potential targets in cancer therapy. Several candidate compounds targeting prenyltransferases show a ...
The Golgi Apparatus - Global Science Books
... be exported to the Golgi apparatus, and then have to be retrieved. In addition, certain membrane proteins such as SNAREs reach the Golgi as part of the transport machinery between ER and Golgi, and must therefore be recycled to the ER to maintain efficient transport of proteins out of the ER. A mech ...
... be exported to the Golgi apparatus, and then have to be retrieved. In addition, certain membrane proteins such as SNAREs reach the Golgi as part of the transport machinery between ER and Golgi, and must therefore be recycled to the ER to maintain efficient transport of proteins out of the ER. A mech ...
Document
... The biosynthesis of Q was only partially understood when we began this analysis. Whole organism incorporation experiments established that GTP is the probable primary precursor in the biosynthesis of queuosine [3]. The common intermediate in the queuosine and archaeosine pathway is 7-cyano-7-deazagu ...
... The biosynthesis of Q was only partially understood when we began this analysis. Whole organism incorporation experiments established that GTP is the probable primary precursor in the biosynthesis of queuosine [3]. The common intermediate in the queuosine and archaeosine pathway is 7-cyano-7-deazagu ...
Evolutionary predictions of binding surfaces and interactions Olivier
... as much as 3 Å by both mainchain and sidechain atoms located up to 15 Å away [27]. Thus, the effective functional site not only includes part of the ligand contact site, but ...
... as much as 3 Å by both mainchain and sidechain atoms located up to 15 Å away [27]. Thus, the effective functional site not only includes part of the ligand contact site, but ...
TMEM65 is a mitochondrial inner-membrane protein
... acid concentration is seen also in French–Canadian Leigh syndrome (LSFC) patients, who show delayed psychiatric and locomotive development and neurodegeneration in the basal ganglion (Huntsman et al., 2005). Studies have shown that LSFC is caused by mutations in the gene encoding leucine-rich pentat ...
... acid concentration is seen also in French–Canadian Leigh syndrome (LSFC) patients, who show delayed psychiatric and locomotive development and neurodegeneration in the basal ganglion (Huntsman et al., 2005). Studies have shown that LSFC is caused by mutations in the gene encoding leucine-rich pentat ...
B324notesTheme 2
... When blood glucose levels drop, pancreatic insulin production falls, glucagon secretion is stimulated, and circulating glucagon is highly increased. Hormones such as glucagon bind to plasma membrane receptors on liver cells, activating membranelocalized adenylate cyclase leading to an increase in th ...
... When blood glucose levels drop, pancreatic insulin production falls, glucagon secretion is stimulated, and circulating glucagon is highly increased. Hormones such as glucagon bind to plasma membrane receptors on liver cells, activating membranelocalized adenylate cyclase leading to an increase in th ...
No Slide Title
... Catecholamine synthesis and release are two separate but related processes that influence the level of catecholaminergic neurotransmission. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide that is highly homologous to peptide YY (PYY). NPY exerts its various biological effects through at least six cl ...
... Catecholamine synthesis and release are two separate but related processes that influence the level of catecholaminergic neurotransmission. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide that is highly homologous to peptide YY (PYY). NPY exerts its various biological effects through at least six cl ...
Protein-only inheritance in yeast: something to get
... fluorescence is distributed diffusely throughout the cell. However, if Sup35p–GFP is expressed in [PSI1] strains, the fluorescence coalesces into foci as soon as it can be visualized, suggesting that pre-existing complexes of Sup35p in [PSI1] cells influence newly synthesized Sup35p to adopt the [PS ...
... fluorescence is distributed diffusely throughout the cell. However, if Sup35p–GFP is expressed in [PSI1] strains, the fluorescence coalesces into foci as soon as it can be visualized, suggesting that pre-existing complexes of Sup35p in [PSI1] cells influence newly synthesized Sup35p to adopt the [PS ...
Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.