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metabolism - Garland Science
... Plants show huge genetic variation in metabolism, the multitude of interrelated biochemical reactions that maintain plant life. Tens of thousands of different organic compounds have been discovered in plants. Some of these are ubiquitous. These include compounds involved in the metabolic pathways th ...
... Plants show huge genetic variation in metabolism, the multitude of interrelated biochemical reactions that maintain plant life. Tens of thousands of different organic compounds have been discovered in plants. Some of these are ubiquitous. These include compounds involved in the metabolic pathways th ...
Sequence and Structure Classification of Kinases
... allows for the inference of biochemical and biological functional properties. Structure analysis methods are able to detect evolutionary relationships that sequence similarity searches miss, because protein structure conservation persists after sequence similarity disappears. However, similarity of ...
... allows for the inference of biochemical and biological functional properties. Structure analysis methods are able to detect evolutionary relationships that sequence similarity searches miss, because protein structure conservation persists after sequence similarity disappears. However, similarity of ...
Role of adiponectin in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid
... Moreover, Fruebis et al. showed the presence of a truncated form of adiponectin, containing ...
... Moreover, Fruebis et al. showed the presence of a truncated form of adiponectin, containing ...
Full-Text PDF
... regeneration and tumourigenesis [46], but is upregulated in cancer through mechanism independent of p53 or p73 [47], suggesting possible additional functions of this enzyme. In contrast to TIGAR, PFKFB4, the testis isoenzyme of PFK/FBPases, is downregulated by p53. It has been shown that p53 binds t ...
... regeneration and tumourigenesis [46], but is upregulated in cancer through mechanism independent of p53 or p73 [47], suggesting possible additional functions of this enzyme. In contrast to TIGAR, PFKFB4, the testis isoenzyme of PFK/FBPases, is downregulated by p53. It has been shown that p53 binds t ...
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Tissue Culture
... followed by ROS appear to function as components of signal transduction chain required to reprogram gene expression and induce totipotency to gain embryogenic competence by the somatic cells (Blazquez et al. 2004a, 2009). The genes involved in embryogenesis in saffron are not known, however, based o ...
... followed by ROS appear to function as components of signal transduction chain required to reprogram gene expression and induce totipotency to gain embryogenic competence by the somatic cells (Blazquez et al. 2004a, 2009). The genes involved in embryogenesis in saffron are not known, however, based o ...
Factor IXHollywood
... buffer’’ to ascertain the formation of the desired PCR product. The remaining DNA sample was digested with the appropriate restriction endonucleases and cloned into M 13 mpl8 or mp19 vectors for sequencing by the dideoxy chain termination method.I4 Sequencing was performed using the Sequenase enzyme ...
... buffer’’ to ascertain the formation of the desired PCR product. The remaining DNA sample was digested with the appropriate restriction endonucleases and cloned into M 13 mpl8 or mp19 vectors for sequencing by the dideoxy chain termination method.I4 Sequencing was performed using the Sequenase enzyme ...
Unveiling the physiological and molecular basis of Mycobacterium
... The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) includes several closely-related pathogenic species, namely M. tuberculosis, the main etiological agent of human tuberculosis (TB), and M. bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), one of the most relevant zoonosis in the world. The complex ...
... The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) includes several closely-related pathogenic species, namely M. tuberculosis, the main etiological agent of human tuberculosis (TB), and M. bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), one of the most relevant zoonosis in the world. The complex ...
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... 1. Lactate—released by skeletal muscle from the Cori cycle After transfer to the liver lactate is converted to pyruvate, then to glucose 2. Glycerol—a product of fat ...
... 1. Lactate—released by skeletal muscle from the Cori cycle After transfer to the liver lactate is converted to pyruvate, then to glucose 2. Glycerol—a product of fat ...
Regulation of Starch Synthesis in Cassava Yona Baguma
... Results showed that the transcriptional activity of sbe increased with the developmental states of the storage root. Analysis of sbe diurnal transcript patterns identified the existence of an endogenous semidian oscillator (12 h) in the storage root cells but its nature and function remains unknown. ...
... Results showed that the transcriptional activity of sbe increased with the developmental states of the storage root. Analysis of sbe diurnal transcript patterns identified the existence of an endogenous semidian oscillator (12 h) in the storage root cells but its nature and function remains unknown. ...
Quality control in tRNA charging — editing of homocysteine
... high degree of accuracy maintained in the transmission and flow of information from a gene to protein product. One crucial “quality control” point in maintaining a high level of accuracy is the selectivity by which aminoacyltRNA synthetases furnish correctly activated amino acids, attached to tRNA s ...
... high degree of accuracy maintained in the transmission and flow of information from a gene to protein product. One crucial “quality control” point in maintaining a high level of accuracy is the selectivity by which aminoacyltRNA synthetases furnish correctly activated amino acids, attached to tRNA s ...
Biochemistry 304 2014 Student Edition Gluconeogenesis Lectures
... Importance of Gluconeogenesis The brain depends on glucose as its primary fuel using ~120g/day out of ~160g/day for the typical adult human. Red blood cells use only glucose as a fuel. Only 20g are present in the body fluids and ~190 g are available from glycogen storage. Therefore, total reserves ...
... Importance of Gluconeogenesis The brain depends on glucose as its primary fuel using ~120g/day out of ~160g/day for the typical adult human. Red blood cells use only glucose as a fuel. Only 20g are present in the body fluids and ~190 g are available from glycogen storage. Therefore, total reserves ...
Science
... mechanism of SIRT1 activation (4, 15). To elucidate the determinants of activation in SIRT1, we screened for SIRT1 mutant proteins lacking activation (Fig. 2C). The ability of SIRT1 to be activated by resveratrol was attenuated in one mutant that substituted a lysine for a glutamate at position 230 ...
... mechanism of SIRT1 activation (4, 15). To elucidate the determinants of activation in SIRT1, we screened for SIRT1 mutant proteins lacking activation (Fig. 2C). The ability of SIRT1 to be activated by resveratrol was attenuated in one mutant that substituted a lysine for a glutamate at position 230 ...
Mechanistic insights into the regulation of metabolic enzymes by
... (NAM) and trichostatin A (TSA)—and substitution to an acetylmimetic glutamine residue (K88Q) were found to decrease the affinity for carbamoyl phosphate and the maximum velocity, ...
... (NAM) and trichostatin A (TSA)—and substitution to an acetylmimetic glutamine residue (K88Q) were found to decrease the affinity for carbamoyl phosphate and the maximum velocity, ...
Redox balances in the metabolism of sugars by yeasts
... In eukaryotic organisms redox reactions may occur in various cell compartments. These are surrounded by membranes impermeable to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides. As a result, each compartment must maintain a delicate balance between formation and consumption of reducing equivalents. This holds fo ...
... In eukaryotic organisms redox reactions may occur in various cell compartments. These are surrounded by membranes impermeable to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides. As a result, each compartment must maintain a delicate balance between formation and consumption of reducing equivalents. This holds fo ...
The Miraculous Benefits of Non Denatured Whey Protein Powder
... You should also then recognize the colossal importance, over and above anything else you can do for your clients, is helping them get ahead of detoxification. With unheated whey protein powder, you will now do a lot more to help your clients achieve 24 hour a day, optimal cellular detoxification th ...
... You should also then recognize the colossal importance, over and above anything else you can do for your clients, is helping them get ahead of detoxification. With unheated whey protein powder, you will now do a lot more to help your clients achieve 24 hour a day, optimal cellular detoxification th ...
Redox balances in the metabolism of sugars by yeasts
... In eukaryotic organisms redox reactions may occur in various cell compartments. These are surrounded by membranes impermeable to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides. As a result, each compartment must maintain a delicate balance between formation and consumption of reducing equivalents. This holds fo ...
... In eukaryotic organisms redox reactions may occur in various cell compartments. These are surrounded by membranes impermeable to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides. As a result, each compartment must maintain a delicate balance between formation and consumption of reducing equivalents. This holds fo ...
Biochemical characterization of the initial steps of the Kennedy
... approximately half of all phospholipids in both life-cycle stages, whereas GPEtn forms between 16 and 21 % [2]. These phospholipids contribute an important structural role to the membrane and, in addition, determine membrane fluidity and cell-surface charge. Their biosynthesis and utilization is, no ...
... approximately half of all phospholipids in both life-cycle stages, whereas GPEtn forms between 16 and 21 % [2]. These phospholipids contribute an important structural role to the membrane and, in addition, determine membrane fluidity and cell-surface charge. Their biosynthesis and utilization is, no ...
Biochemical and genetic analysis of leucine-, isoleucine
... Another early example of the effect of gene mutation on discrete chemical activities of the cell resulted from the studies of Beadle and Taturn (1941). In their studies with Drosophila, they succeeded in relating eye-color changes to mutationally produced blocks in the biosynthesis of eye pig ments ...
... Another early example of the effect of gene mutation on discrete chemical activities of the cell resulted from the studies of Beadle and Taturn (1941). In their studies with Drosophila, they succeeded in relating eye-color changes to mutationally produced blocks in the biosynthesis of eye pig ments ...
Emerging therapeutic roles for NAD+ metabolism in mitochondrial
... that are located in different subcellular compartments i.e. nucleus (SIRT1, SIRT6 and SIRT7), cytosol (SIRT2), and mitochondria (SIRT3, SIRT4 and SIRT5) [49, 114], and are implicated in a wide variety of biological functions including control of cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis, aging and ...
... that are located in different subcellular compartments i.e. nucleus (SIRT1, SIRT6 and SIRT7), cytosol (SIRT2), and mitochondria (SIRT3, SIRT4 and SIRT5) [49, 114], and are implicated in a wide variety of biological functions including control of cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis, aging and ...
Biosynthesis of Lipids and Hydrocarbons in Algae
... 2.1. Fatty acid biosynthesis Acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) is a universal carbon donor for fatty acid biosynthesis. Acetyl-CoA is supplied via multiple paths from various origins and then subsequently metabolized into malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) by sequential reactions. One molecule of ATP (1ATP) i ...
... 2.1. Fatty acid biosynthesis Acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) is a universal carbon donor for fatty acid biosynthesis. Acetyl-CoA is supplied via multiple paths from various origins and then subsequently metabolized into malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) by sequential reactions. One molecule of ATP (1ATP) i ...
Long-Term Treatment with Insulin and Retinoic Acid
... significantly. Vitamin A (VA) plays a role in a number of physiological functions including glucose metabolism. However, its role in skeletal muscle glucose metabolism has not been well established. Insulin controls glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle via the regulations of glucose uptake, gly ...
... significantly. Vitamin A (VA) plays a role in a number of physiological functions including glucose metabolism. However, its role in skeletal muscle glucose metabolism has not been well established. Insulin controls glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle via the regulations of glucose uptake, gly ...
University of Groningen Stress responses and sugar metabolism in
... and acsA [282]. In the latter case, affinity of CcpA for the cre site was also dependent on the composition of the nucleotides flanking cre. In chapter 5 the ydhMNOPQRST operon and the ycgN gene are identified as novel CcpA‐repressed targets, for which putative cre sites were detected upstream of ...
... and acsA [282]. In the latter case, affinity of CcpA for the cre site was also dependent on the composition of the nucleotides flanking cre. In chapter 5 the ydhMNOPQRST operon and the ycgN gene are identified as novel CcpA‐repressed targets, for which putative cre sites were detected upstream of ...
PKC regulates the hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes through
... sufficient functions of selected PKC isozymes in regulating hypertrophic growth. Western blotting was performed from AdPKC-, AdPKCII-, AdPKC-, or AdPKC-infected cardiomyocytes to verify the integrity of each PKC isozyme– encoding adenovirus, to quantify overexpression levels, and to evaluate ant ...
... sufficient functions of selected PKC isozymes in regulating hypertrophic growth. Western blotting was performed from AdPKC-, AdPKCII-, AdPKC-, or AdPKC-infected cardiomyocytes to verify the integrity of each PKC isozyme– encoding adenovirus, to quantify overexpression levels, and to evaluate ant ...
Involvement of Polyamine Catabolism in the Regulation of Glucose
... regulation of glucose, energy and lipid metabolism was investigated using transgenic mice overexpressing or deficient for SSAT. The characterization of SSAT mice revealed that these mice exhibited severely reduced whole body WAT mass, elevated energy expenditure, high insulin sensitivity, a low tiss ...
... regulation of glucose, energy and lipid metabolism was investigated using transgenic mice overexpressing or deficient for SSAT. The characterization of SSAT mice revealed that these mice exhibited severely reduced whole body WAT mass, elevated energy expenditure, high insulin sensitivity, a low tiss ...
Metabolic profiling during nutrient limited growth in bakers` yeast
... sense nutrient availability to “know” the rate at which they can grow. While extracellular nutrients can be sensed by receptors at the cell surface, this does not explain how cells are able to tailor their growth rate to “non-natural” nutrients required only due to mutations in biosynthetic pathways ...
... sense nutrient availability to “know” the rate at which they can grow. While extracellular nutrients can be sensed by receptors at the cell surface, this does not explain how cells are able to tailor their growth rate to “non-natural” nutrients required only due to mutations in biosynthetic pathways ...
Paracrine signalling
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Signal_transduction_pathways.png?width=300)
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.