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Reduces cholesterol induced atherosclerotic lesions in aorta artery
... Vinegar has been proved to have some medical uses and some potential protective effects on atherosclerosis. In this study, effects of vinegar on various risk factors of atherosclerosis and development of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbit have investigated. Rabbits were assigned to four ...
... Vinegar has been proved to have some medical uses and some potential protective effects on atherosclerosis. In this study, effects of vinegar on various risk factors of atherosclerosis and development of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbit have investigated. Rabbits were assigned to four ...
biochemical investigation into initiation of fatty acid synthesis in the
... environmental lipids. I examined changes in TbACC RNA, protein abundance, and enzymatic activity in response to different levels of environmental lipids in both BF and PF cells. I also delineated the mechanisms by which TbACC expression and activity is regulated by phosphorylation in response to alt ...
... environmental lipids. I examined changes in TbACC RNA, protein abundance, and enzymatic activity in response to different levels of environmental lipids in both BF and PF cells. I also delineated the mechanisms by which TbACC expression and activity is regulated by phosphorylation in response to alt ...
Introduction to Carbohydrates
... membranes, modulating their fluidity, and, in specialized tissues, cholesterol is a precursor of bile acids, steroid hormones, and vitamin D. • It is therefore of critical importance that the cells of the body be assured an appropriate supply of cholesterol. • To meet this need, a complex series of ...
... membranes, modulating their fluidity, and, in specialized tissues, cholesterol is a precursor of bile acids, steroid hormones, and vitamin D. • It is therefore of critical importance that the cells of the body be assured an appropriate supply of cholesterol. • To meet this need, a complex series of ...
Distinct C-terminal Amino Acid Sequence Motifs Serve
... I would first and foremost like to thank my MSc advisor Dr. Robert Mullen for his constant support, encouragement and dedication to ensure I reach my full potential throughout the MSc process. His guidance has not only made me a better scientist but a better person as well. I would also like to than ...
... I would first and foremost like to thank my MSc advisor Dr. Robert Mullen for his constant support, encouragement and dedication to ensure I reach my full potential throughout the MSc process. His guidance has not only made me a better scientist but a better person as well. I would also like to than ...
Theoretical Approaches to the Evolutionary Optimization of Glycolysis
... The thermodynamic analysis developed in [14] led to a surprising result relating kinetic and thermodynamic features ; in a metabolic system under a given total affinity (a net exergonism), the different distributions of the local exergonisms produce great differences in the kinetic efficiency of the ...
... The thermodynamic analysis developed in [14] led to a surprising result relating kinetic and thermodynamic features ; in a metabolic system under a given total affinity (a net exergonism), the different distributions of the local exergonisms produce great differences in the kinetic efficiency of the ...
Cholesterol Synthesis
... acids, eicosanoids, retinoids, & various non-polar xenobiotics (drugs & other foreign compounds). Some P450 enzymes have broad substrate specificity. Mechanisms for detoxification of non-polar compounds include reactions such as hydroxylations that increase polarity, so that the products of these ...
... acids, eicosanoids, retinoids, & various non-polar xenobiotics (drugs & other foreign compounds). Some P450 enzymes have broad substrate specificity. Mechanisms for detoxification of non-polar compounds include reactions such as hydroxylations that increase polarity, so that the products of these ...
1 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 – Introduction Proteins are
... Figure 1.3. Structure of domain swapped dimer resulting in three helix bundle (PDB 1G6U) (A) and a four helix bundle with designed diiron center for oxidase activity shown with two zinc atoms bound (PDB 1U7J) (B). Examples of de novo designed membrane spanning peptides have been reported (34-37). On ...
... Figure 1.3. Structure of domain swapped dimer resulting in three helix bundle (PDB 1G6U) (A) and a four helix bundle with designed diiron center for oxidase activity shown with two zinc atoms bound (PDB 1U7J) (B). Examples of de novo designed membrane spanning peptides have been reported (34-37). On ...
Biochemistry, Physiology and Immunology
... systematic and logical nomenclature for enzymes, and finally recommended that there should be two nomenclatures for enzymes, one systematic, and one working or trivial. The systematic name of an enzyme, formed in accordance with definite rules, showed the action of an enzyme as exactly as possible, ...
... systematic and logical nomenclature for enzymes, and finally recommended that there should be two nomenclatures for enzymes, one systematic, and one working or trivial. The systematic name of an enzyme, formed in accordance with definite rules, showed the action of an enzyme as exactly as possible, ...
calculating the structure-based phylogenetic relationship
... This work is dedicated to my mother, father, and brother; they helped when I required it most. ...
... This work is dedicated to my mother, father, and brother; they helped when I required it most. ...
biolsci.org - International Journal of Biological Sciences
... bacteria and animals still deserves considerable attention since there might be huge discrepancy between microbial enzymes and human counterpart in the sequence and higher structures. TK from P. falciparum has been reported as a novel target to treat malarial infection[27]. TK in human beings is als ...
... bacteria and animals still deserves considerable attention since there might be huge discrepancy between microbial enzymes and human counterpart in the sequence and higher structures. TK from P. falciparum has been reported as a novel target to treat malarial infection[27]. TK in human beings is als ...
Melatonin, mitochondria, and Ca2+ homeostasis in the exocrine
... sustained decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in reduced cellular ATP and increased cell death (Shalbueva et al., 2013). Finally, in addition to energy supply, mitochondria oxidative stress induced posttranslational histone modifications, promoter DNA methylation, and impairment ...
... sustained decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in reduced cellular ATP and increased cell death (Shalbueva et al., 2013). Finally, in addition to energy supply, mitochondria oxidative stress induced posttranslational histone modifications, promoter DNA methylation, and impairment ...
Origin of metabolism
... Metabolism is built on a foundation of organic chemistry, and employs structures and interactions at many scales. Despite these sources of complexity, metabolism also displays striking and robust regularities in the forms of modularity and hierarchy, which may be described compactly in terms of rela ...
... Metabolism is built on a foundation of organic chemistry, and employs structures and interactions at many scales. Despite these sources of complexity, metabolism also displays striking and robust regularities in the forms of modularity and hierarchy, which may be described compactly in terms of rela ...
Growth-limiting Intracellular Metabolites in Yeast Growing Under Diverse Nutrient Limitations.
... a manner insensitive to which nutrient limits growth (Brauer et al., 2008). The mechanisms linking the nutrient environment to transcription and growth rate, however, have remained unclear. To investigate such mechanisms, here we use liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measu ...
... a manner insensitive to which nutrient limits growth (Brauer et al., 2008). The mechanisms linking the nutrient environment to transcription and growth rate, however, have remained unclear. To investigate such mechanisms, here we use liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measu ...
Regulation of Ketone Body Metabolism and the Role of PPAR
... Hmgcs2 transcription is the fact that HMGCS2 protein physically binds to PPARα and the complex enters the nucleus and transactivates the Hmgcs2 gene through the PPRE [22]. HMGCS2 protein contains the canonical motif responsible for interaction with nuclear receptors, the so-called nuclear receptor i ...
... Hmgcs2 transcription is the fact that HMGCS2 protein physically binds to PPARα and the complex enters the nucleus and transactivates the Hmgcs2 gene through the PPRE [22]. HMGCS2 protein contains the canonical motif responsible for interaction with nuclear receptors, the so-called nuclear receptor i ...
Plasma
... mutations in LPL are linked to many disorders of lipoprotein metabolism. High-fat diets have been shown to cause tissuespecific over expression of LPL: This has been implicated in tissue-specific insulin resistance and consequent development of type 2 diabetes mellitus Gihan Gawish.Dr ...
... mutations in LPL are linked to many disorders of lipoprotein metabolism. High-fat diets have been shown to cause tissuespecific over expression of LPL: This has been implicated in tissue-specific insulin resistance and consequent development of type 2 diabetes mellitus Gihan Gawish.Dr ...
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
... acid (IAA) produced by higher plants and microorganisms, have been reported to be produced by rhizobacteria [30]. IAA synthesized by plant-associated bacteria is implicated as one of the key determinants in association of plantmicrobe interaction, stimulation of plant growth, and plant pathogenesis. ...
... acid (IAA) produced by higher plants and microorganisms, have been reported to be produced by rhizobacteria [30]. IAA synthesized by plant-associated bacteria is implicated as one of the key determinants in association of plantmicrobe interaction, stimulation of plant growth, and plant pathogenesis. ...
Novel regulatory roles of omega-3 fatty acids in metabolic pathways
... in vivo [44], which are predisposing factors to obesity and diabetes. Overexpression of regucalcin was also found to enhance glucose utilization and lipid production in the cloned rat hepatoma H4-II-E cells in vitro [44,45]. Concomitant with a decrease in regucalcin on a high n-3 PUFA diet was a sig ...
... in vivo [44], which are predisposing factors to obesity and diabetes. Overexpression of regucalcin was also found to enhance glucose utilization and lipid production in the cloned rat hepatoma H4-II-E cells in vitro [44,45]. Concomitant with a decrease in regucalcin on a high n-3 PUFA diet was a sig ...
SUC1 and SUC2: two sucrose transporters from Arabidopsis
... postulated that their present structure with 12 transmembrane segments might have evolved, by gene duplication and fusion of an ancestral transporter gene which only had six transmembrane helices (Griffith et aL, 1992; Maiden et aL, 1987; Sauer and Tanner, 1993). This is confirmed by several strikin ...
... postulated that their present structure with 12 transmembrane segments might have evolved, by gene duplication and fusion of an ancestral transporter gene which only had six transmembrane helices (Griffith et aL, 1992; Maiden et aL, 1987; Sauer and Tanner, 1993). This is confirmed by several strikin ...
Transporters of nucleotide sugars, nucleotide
... shown that the specificity of this enzyme can be altered depending on whether Ca or Mn +2 are added to the reaction (Abeijon et al, 1993). To what extent may this be another regulatory mechanism of nucleotide sugar transport in mammals which use uridine and guanosine nucleotide sugars? Genetic disea ...
... shown that the specificity of this enzyme can be altered depending on whether Ca or Mn +2 are added to the reaction (Abeijon et al, 1993). To what extent may this be another regulatory mechanism of nucleotide sugar transport in mammals which use uridine and guanosine nucleotide sugars? Genetic disea ...
Potassium starvation responses in yeast highlight novel potassium-related functions
... We also have related potassium to the homeostasis of other essential nutrients such as phosphate. Depletion of potassium from the medium or disturbance of normal potassium uptake induces genes involved in the acquisition and release of phosphate, as it is usually observed in a situation of phosphate ...
... We also have related potassium to the homeostasis of other essential nutrients such as phosphate. Depletion of potassium from the medium or disturbance of normal potassium uptake induces genes involved in the acquisition and release of phosphate, as it is usually observed in a situation of phosphate ...
Substrate specificity of the periplasmic dipeptide
... substrates containing up to about six amino acid residues. Opp is encoded by five genes, oppABCDF (Hiles et al., 1987), and is a member of the periplasmicbinding-protein-dependent family of traffic ATPases (Ames et al., 1990). The crystal structure of the binding protein, OppA, has been reported (Ta ...
... substrates containing up to about six amino acid residues. Opp is encoded by five genes, oppABCDF (Hiles et al., 1987), and is a member of the periplasmicbinding-protein-dependent family of traffic ATPases (Ames et al., 1990). The crystal structure of the binding protein, OppA, has been reported (Ta ...
Prokaryotic proteins of antioxidant defense in Trichomonas vaginalis
... In 1954, the publication by Gerschman referred to deleterious properties of oxygen in consequence to its partial reduction to free radicals (75). Subsequently, in 1969 the discovery of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) by McCord and Fridovich (142) and in 1977 the work of Mittal and Murrad (148) ...
... In 1954, the publication by Gerschman referred to deleterious properties of oxygen in consequence to its partial reduction to free radicals (75). Subsequently, in 1969 the discovery of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) by McCord and Fridovich (142) and in 1977 the work of Mittal and Murrad (148) ...
FOCAL ADHESION KINASE: IN COMMAND AND CONTROL OF
... the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)4,18,31,33 (FIG. 2). It is not known whether these different signalling proteins differentially bind to Tyr397-phosphorylated FAK in response to particular cell stimuli or whether simultaneously there are different complexes with a larger pool o ...
... the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)4,18,31,33 (FIG. 2). It is not known whether these different signalling proteins differentially bind to Tyr397-phosphorylated FAK in response to particular cell stimuli or whether simultaneously there are different complexes with a larger pool o ...
Paracrine signalling
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Signal_transduction_pathways.png?width=300)
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.