Phylogenomic Investigation of Phospholipid Synthesis in Archaea
... Biosynthesis of Isoprenoid Precursors Isoprenoids are chains of isoprene units and their derivatives and are found ubiquitously in all living beings. They are involved in very diverse functions, such as photosynthetic pigments, hormones, quinones acting in electron transport chains, plant defense co ...
... Biosynthesis of Isoprenoid Precursors Isoprenoids are chains of isoprene units and their derivatives and are found ubiquitously in all living beings. They are involved in very diverse functions, such as photosynthetic pigments, hormones, quinones acting in electron transport chains, plant defense co ...
The metabolic basis of Candida albicans
... Fig. 1. Signal transduction pathways and transcriptional regulators that affect the filamentous growth of C. albicans and the effect of farnesol on some of these pathways. In response to filamentous-inducing conditions, GTPases (Gpa2p, Ras1p, and Cdc42p) activate two well-characterized signaling pathw ...
... Fig. 1. Signal transduction pathways and transcriptional regulators that affect the filamentous growth of C. albicans and the effect of farnesol on some of these pathways. In response to filamentous-inducing conditions, GTPases (Gpa2p, Ras1p, and Cdc42p) activate two well-characterized signaling pathw ...
Regulation of intermediary metabolism by protein acetylation
... of acetylation comparable to those by other major post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitylation [65]. These acetylated proteins span a wide spectrum of protein classes, ranging from transcription factors to kinases, ubiquitin ligases, ribosomal proteins and metabolic en ...
... of acetylation comparable to those by other major post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitylation [65]. These acetylated proteins span a wide spectrum of protein classes, ranging from transcription factors to kinases, ubiquitin ligases, ribosomal proteins and metabolic en ...
Novel targets for tuberculosis drug discovery
... studies showed that the products of this gene cluster — EmbA, EmbB and EmbC — are involved in the formation of the terminal hexaarabinofuranoside portion of arabinogalactan, where mycolic acids are attached [6]. A recent study has identified AftA, a novel arabinofuranosyl transferase that catalyzes ...
... studies showed that the products of this gene cluster — EmbA, EmbB and EmbC — are involved in the formation of the terminal hexaarabinofuranoside portion of arabinogalactan, where mycolic acids are attached [6]. A recent study has identified AftA, a novel arabinofuranosyl transferase that catalyzes ...
New therapeutic approaches for Human African trypanosomiasis
... C.1. Preparation of nanobody-coated pentamidine-loaded functionalized PEGlycated-chitosan nanoparticles...................... 55 C.2. Nanoparticles characterization methods. ...................................... 55 C.3. Determination of pentamidine loaded into the chitosan nanoparticles............ ...
... C.1. Preparation of nanobody-coated pentamidine-loaded functionalized PEGlycated-chitosan nanoparticles...................... 55 C.2. Nanoparticles characterization methods. ...................................... 55 C.3. Determination of pentamidine loaded into the chitosan nanoparticles............ ...
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... Some fates of glucose •Glycolysis 糖解作用: metabolizes one molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate with the concomitant net production of two molecules of ATP. – The process is anaerobic, O2 is not required – Pyruvate is further processed: •Anarobically through fermentation 發酵作用, two molecule ...
... Some fates of glucose •Glycolysis 糖解作用: metabolizes one molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate with the concomitant net production of two molecules of ATP. – The process is anaerobic, O2 is not required – Pyruvate is further processed: •Anarobically through fermentation 發酵作用, two molecule ...
Non-Regenerative Benefits of Adult Bone Marrow Derived Stem
... The heart is a muscular pump that sustains an adequate perfusion of blood to itself, the brain, and all other corporeal tissues. The heart exerts its function until death of the organism with the same or lesser number of cells than those present from birth (Chien 2004). Heart muscle, or myocardium, ...
... The heart is a muscular pump that sustains an adequate perfusion of blood to itself, the brain, and all other corporeal tissues. The heart exerts its function until death of the organism with the same or lesser number of cells than those present from birth (Chien 2004). Heart muscle, or myocardium, ...
10 Translocation in the Phloem Chapter
... between the two cells. The plasmodesmata are often complex and branched on the companion cell side. Companion cells play a role in the transport of photosynthetic products from producing cells in mature leaves to the sieve elements in the minor (small) veins of the leaf. They are also thought to tak ...
... between the two cells. The plasmodesmata are often complex and branched on the companion cell side. Companion cells play a role in the transport of photosynthetic products from producing cells in mature leaves to the sieve elements in the minor (small) veins of the leaf. They are also thought to tak ...
Deriving phylogenetic trees from the similarity analysis of metabolic
... EcoCyc [2, 25, 26] was originally a database for metabolic pathways in Escherichia Coli. It has been extended to other microbial organisms to produce the database MetaCyc. The database is based on published experimental data and, unlike KEGG, also includes information about genes that have not yet b ...
... EcoCyc [2, 25, 26] was originally a database for metabolic pathways in Escherichia Coli. It has been extended to other microbial organisms to produce the database MetaCyc. The database is based on published experimental data and, unlike KEGG, also includes information about genes that have not yet b ...
Biomarker discovery for psychiatric disorders
... Anxiety can be conceptualized as the emotional anticipation of an aversive situation, which is likely to occur and difficult to predict and control (Landgraf, 2001). In its non-pathological form, anxiety can be classified into state anxiety, referring to the acute or immediate level of anxiety and t ...
... Anxiety can be conceptualized as the emotional anticipation of an aversive situation, which is likely to occur and difficult to predict and control (Landgraf, 2001). In its non-pathological form, anxiety can be classified into state anxiety, referring to the acute or immediate level of anxiety and t ...
No Slide Title
... Figure 1 Following chronic alcohol ingestion, endotoxin is released from certain intestinal bacteria. Endotoxin moves from the gut into the bloodstream and the liver where it activates Kupffer cells- a type of immune cell (resident liver macrophages) - by interacting with CD14 causing nuclear facto ...
... Figure 1 Following chronic alcohol ingestion, endotoxin is released from certain intestinal bacteria. Endotoxin moves from the gut into the bloodstream and the liver where it activates Kupffer cells- a type of immune cell (resident liver macrophages) - by interacting with CD14 causing nuclear facto ...
Glucosamine-Induced Insulin Resistance in Primary Rat
... glucose concentration is that glucose is toxic. The amount of glucose in the bloodstream is tightly regulated by actions of insulin and glucagon during fed and fasting states (Flakoll PJ 2000). Insulin, a hormone secreted by the P- cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, plays an importan ...
... glucose concentration is that glucose is toxic. The amount of glucose in the bloodstream is tightly regulated by actions of insulin and glucagon during fed and fasting states (Flakoll PJ 2000). Insulin, a hormone secreted by the P- cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, plays an importan ...
Characterization of the Visceral Endoderm Components in Early
... Early post-implantation vertebrate embryos are shaped by complex cellular and molecular mechanisms. In mice, the visceral endoderm, an extraembryonic cell lineage that appears before gastrulation, provides several important functions such as nutrition and mechanical protection. My thesis research fo ...
... Early post-implantation vertebrate embryos are shaped by complex cellular and molecular mechanisms. In mice, the visceral endoderm, an extraembryonic cell lineage that appears before gastrulation, provides several important functions such as nutrition and mechanical protection. My thesis research fo ...
Characterization of NAD Salvage Pathways and their Role in
... Because NAD is an essential co-factor, we hypothesized that the salvage pathways ...
... Because NAD is an essential co-factor, we hypothesized that the salvage pathways ...
Biochemical, biophysical and interaction studies of the stress
... advice on PhD related issues and CD experiments. Also I would like to thank Dr Marija Kristic Demonacos for her help when carrying out the molecular cloning aspect of this project and letting me work on her bench space, also providing me with an hSTRAP construct (pHA1-hSTRAP(1-440)) which was used i ...
... advice on PhD related issues and CD experiments. Also I would like to thank Dr Marija Kristic Demonacos for her help when carrying out the molecular cloning aspect of this project and letting me work on her bench space, also providing me with an hSTRAP construct (pHA1-hSTRAP(1-440)) which was used i ...
Tetrahymena Contain Two Distinct and Unusual High Mobility Group
... these HMG-like proteins in acid extracts from macronuclei isolated by the method of Gorovsky et al. (1975) suggested the possibility that LG-1 and LG-2 may be proteolytic breakdown products of histone H1 (see Gorovsky et al., 1974). Fig. 1, A and C, however, indicate that significant quantities of L ...
... these HMG-like proteins in acid extracts from macronuclei isolated by the method of Gorovsky et al. (1975) suggested the possibility that LG-1 and LG-2 may be proteolytic breakdown products of histone H1 (see Gorovsky et al., 1974). Fig. 1, A and C, however, indicate that significant quantities of L ...
Міністерство охорони здоров`я України Харківський
... Proteins are bioorganic high molecular nitrogen containing compounds, heteropolymers, which consist of amino acids residues combined by peptide bonds. Proteins are mostly prevalent from all the classes of biomolecules. They are involved to all cell components of microorganisms, plants, animals and i ...
... Proteins are bioorganic high molecular nitrogen containing compounds, heteropolymers, which consist of amino acids residues combined by peptide bonds. Proteins are mostly prevalent from all the classes of biomolecules. They are involved to all cell components of microorganisms, plants, animals and i ...
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... impact on cells. In E. coli, reduction of tellurite can occur through the actions of nitrate reductases, however, this is a non-specific reaction [8,9]. Other enzymes, such as the thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase of Rhodobacter capsulatus [10], GutS from E. coli [11], among others [12–15] have been im ...
... impact on cells. In E. coli, reduction of tellurite can occur through the actions of nitrate reductases, however, this is a non-specific reaction [8,9]. Other enzymes, such as the thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase of Rhodobacter capsulatus [10], GutS from E. coli [11], among others [12–15] have been im ...
Sanguinarine (Pseudochelerythrine) Is a Potent Inhibitor of NF
... cells with tumor necrosis factor rapidly activated NFkB, this activation was completely suppressed by sanguinarine in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Sanguinarine did not inhibit the binding of NF-kB protein to the DNA but rather inhibited the pathway leading to NF-kB activation. The reversal of ...
... cells with tumor necrosis factor rapidly activated NFkB, this activation was completely suppressed by sanguinarine in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Sanguinarine did not inhibit the binding of NF-kB protein to the DNA but rather inhibited the pathway leading to NF-kB activation. The reversal of ...
for growth. fermentation end products and genes required growth of
... experiments, a small peak of 2,3-butanediol at 1.15 ppm was also observed (data not shown). The pattern of the fermentative end products of B. subtilis is similar to that observed for E. coli (1) or Bacillus licheniformis (29), although 2,3-butanediol and acetoin are not major products of E. coli fe ...
... experiments, a small peak of 2,3-butanediol at 1.15 ppm was also observed (data not shown). The pattern of the fermentative end products of B. subtilis is similar to that observed for E. coli (1) or Bacillus licheniformis (29), although 2,3-butanediol and acetoin are not major products of E. coli fe ...
αII-Spectrin interacts with Tes and EVL, two actin
... interactions, defining the multiple physiological functions of spectrins. Functions of the spectrin-based skeleton are well-defined in red blood cells where it is required for shape maintenance, for resistance to shear stress and for deformability. However, the functions of the more complex spectrin ...
... interactions, defining the multiple physiological functions of spectrins. Functions of the spectrin-based skeleton are well-defined in red blood cells where it is required for shape maintenance, for resistance to shear stress and for deformability. However, the functions of the more complex spectrin ...
University of Groningen Lactococcus lactis systems biology Eckhardt
... Transcriptomics is a technology used in molecular biology research to uncover expression profiles of all genes in a specific cell type or in (sub)populations of cells at a given moment in time. The gene and promoter activity is expressed as the number of transcripts or messenger RNAs (mRNAs). With t ...
... Transcriptomics is a technology used in molecular biology research to uncover expression profiles of all genes in a specific cell type or in (sub)populations of cells at a given moment in time. The gene and promoter activity is expressed as the number of transcripts or messenger RNAs (mRNAs). With t ...
Regulators of Ubiquitin Dependent Protein Degradation in the
... Ubiquitin dependent protein degradation is a central mechanism regulating multiple functions in cells. Ubiquitination of target proteins requires an enzyme cascade including ubiquitin ligases (E3s). One group of E3s contains cullins as the core component. Activity of these cullin containing E3s is m ...
... Ubiquitin dependent protein degradation is a central mechanism regulating multiple functions in cells. Ubiquitination of target proteins requires an enzyme cascade including ubiquitin ligases (E3s). One group of E3s contains cullins as the core component. Activity of these cullin containing E3s is m ...
View PDF - Genes | Genomes | Genetics
... we examined Shh mRNA expression in vivo. In these experiments, limb buds from wild-type 27ss or 33ss mouse embryos were dissected from the flank of the embryo and then analyzed for Shh expression using RNA in situ hybridization (Figure S4). These dissections, as well as the dissections used to obtain ...
... we examined Shh mRNA expression in vivo. In these experiments, limb buds from wild-type 27ss or 33ss mouse embryos were dissected from the flank of the embryo and then analyzed for Shh expression using RNA in situ hybridization (Figure S4). These dissections, as well as the dissections used to obtain ...
Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.