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... with the planktonic state [35]. This is likely due to poor oxygen diffusion throughout the biofilm that results in anoxic zones, in turn favoring SRB growth. The presence of SRB in the biofilm structure subsequently leads to localized biocorrosion events [36–38]. Furthermore, attachment on surfaces ...
... with the planktonic state [35]. This is likely due to poor oxygen diffusion throughout the biofilm that results in anoxic zones, in turn favoring SRB growth. The presence of SRB in the biofilm structure subsequently leads to localized biocorrosion events [36–38]. Furthermore, attachment on surfaces ...
Small Glycosylated Lignin Oligomers Are Stored in
... (Figure 1) (Boerjan et al., 2003; Vanholme et al., 2008; Bonawitz and Chapple, 2010; Vanholme et al., 2010, 2012a, 2012b). These pathways are most probably active in the cytoplasm, as the three P450 enzymes involved in monolignol biosynthesis have been localized to the outer surface of the endoplasm ...
... (Figure 1) (Boerjan et al., 2003; Vanholme et al., 2008; Bonawitz and Chapple, 2010; Vanholme et al., 2010, 2012a, 2012b). These pathways are most probably active in the cytoplasm, as the three P450 enzymes involved in monolignol biosynthesis have been localized to the outer surface of the endoplasm ...
Identification of the Human Erythrocyte Glucose Transporter (GLUT1
... Follow this and additional works at: http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss Part of the Life Sciences Commons, and the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons ...
... Follow this and additional works at: http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss Part of the Life Sciences Commons, and the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons ...
The tyrosine regulated DAHP synthase and the biosynthetic
... ARO4, that can be feedback-inhibited by phenylalanine and tyrosine, respectively. Crystal structures of the phenylalanine regulated DAHP synthase of Escherichia coli and of the tyrosine inhibitable isoenzyme of S. cerevisiae are available. With the help of amino acid substitutions at the catalytic c ...
... ARO4, that can be feedback-inhibited by phenylalanine and tyrosine, respectively. Crystal structures of the phenylalanine regulated DAHP synthase of Escherichia coli and of the tyrosine inhibitable isoenzyme of S. cerevisiae are available. With the help of amino acid substitutions at the catalytic c ...
Cytochromes P450 – importance of tissue specificity
... At first it was believed that all cytochromes P450 are ER resident proteins that are retained directly in the ER and do not undergo recycling through the pre-Golgi compartment [12, 13]. However, later studies on some cytochromes P450 showed this is not always the case. Lanosterol 14α-demetylase (CYP ...
... At first it was believed that all cytochromes P450 are ER resident proteins that are retained directly in the ER and do not undergo recycling through the pre-Golgi compartment [12, 13]. However, later studies on some cytochromes P450 showed this is not always the case. Lanosterol 14α-demetylase (CYP ...
Genomics Insights esTs from seeds to Assist the selective Breeding
... are subsequently dephosphorylated in the endoplasmic reticulum to form diacylglycerol (DAG). Finally, a fatty acid chain is added to the DAG by an acyltransferase, resulting in a TAG that is sequestered in lipid bodies for storage.5 TAGs are used to support germination and early seedling growth. In ...
... are subsequently dephosphorylated in the endoplasmic reticulum to form diacylglycerol (DAG). Finally, a fatty acid chain is added to the DAG by an acyltransferase, resulting in a TAG that is sequestered in lipid bodies for storage.5 TAGs are used to support germination and early seedling growth. In ...
A role for interleukin-1 in epidermal differentiation
... (Kupper et al., 1988), although induction of terminal differentiation by addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increased the level of IL-1 receptors up to 24-fold (Blanton et al., 1989). Although the epidermis contains very high levels of IL-1, the function of this cytokine in the skin i ...
... (Kupper et al., 1988), although induction of terminal differentiation by addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increased the level of IL-1 receptors up to 24-fold (Blanton et al., 1989). Although the epidermis contains very high levels of IL-1, the function of this cytokine in the skin i ...
Levy APS - Indiana University Bloomington
... The synthesis and purification of the nine glucagon analogs was relatively straightforward and each peptide was obtained in total yields in excess of 20% based on the weight of the starting amino acid resin. None of the peptides proved any more problematic than native glucagon in the physical handli ...
... The synthesis and purification of the nine glucagon analogs was relatively straightforward and each peptide was obtained in total yields in excess of 20% based on the weight of the starting amino acid resin. None of the peptides proved any more problematic than native glucagon in the physical handli ...
soy protein concentrate - US Soybean Export Council
... extraction as shown in the processing flow chart in Figure 1. This extraction process removes the soluble carbohydrate and significantly lowers the levels of lectins, trypsin inhibitors, glycinin, B-conglycinin, saponins and oligosaccharides that are considered to be anti-nutritional factors (ANF’s) ...
... extraction as shown in the processing flow chart in Figure 1. This extraction process removes the soluble carbohydrate and significantly lowers the levels of lectins, trypsin inhibitors, glycinin, B-conglycinin, saponins and oligosaccharides that are considered to be anti-nutritional factors (ANF’s) ...
Haem biosynthesis and excretion of porphyrins
... oxidase, encoded by a gene on chromosome 1, catalyses the oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX: six hydrogen atoms are removed (four from methylene bridges and two from pyrrole rings). Only oxidized molecules (porphyrins) are brightly coloured, whereas reduced porphyrins (porphyri ...
... oxidase, encoded by a gene on chromosome 1, catalyses the oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX: six hydrogen atoms are removed (four from methylene bridges and two from pyrrole rings). Only oxidized molecules (porphyrins) are brightly coloured, whereas reduced porphyrins (porphyri ...
Diagnosis and Rectification of Arrested Fermentations
... transporters are proton sympoters, meaning that a proton is taken up for each amino acid molecule transported. The protons must then be extruded from the cell in order to avoid acidification of the cytoplasm. Ethanol leads to increased passive proton flux into the cells. At high ethanol concentratio ...
... transporters are proton sympoters, meaning that a proton is taken up for each amino acid molecule transported. The protons must then be extruded from the cell in order to avoid acidification of the cytoplasm. Ethanol leads to increased passive proton flux into the cells. At high ethanol concentratio ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... Bile is produced by hepatocytes in the liver, draining through the many bile ducts that penetrate the liver. During this process, the epithelial cells add a watery solution that is rich in bicarbonates that dilutes and increases alkalinity of the solution. Bile then flows into the common hepatic duc ...
... Bile is produced by hepatocytes in the liver, draining through the many bile ducts that penetrate the liver. During this process, the epithelial cells add a watery solution that is rich in bicarbonates that dilutes and increases alkalinity of the solution. Bile then flows into the common hepatic duc ...
Oxidative-stress-induced nuclear to cytoplasmic relocalization is
... cyclin C in vitro by utilizing Lys48, a ubiquitin linkage associated with directing substrates to the 26S proteasome. Before its degradation, cyclin C, but not Cdk8p, translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This translocation requires both the cell-wallintegrity MAPK module and phospholipase ...
... cyclin C in vitro by utilizing Lys48, a ubiquitin linkage associated with directing substrates to the 26S proteasome. Before its degradation, cyclin C, but not Cdk8p, translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This translocation requires both the cell-wallintegrity MAPK module and phospholipase ...
The CamSol Method of Rational Design of Protein Mutants with
... The method requires the knowledge of the native structure of the target protein, which could be available by experimental or by computational (e.g. homology modeling) techniques (see Materials and Methods). From the structure, one can distinguish, among the residues that are classified as poorly sol ...
... The method requires the knowledge of the native structure of the target protein, which could be available by experimental or by computational (e.g. homology modeling) techniques (see Materials and Methods). From the structure, one can distinguish, among the residues that are classified as poorly sol ...
Genomic Insights into Methanotrophy: The Complete Genome Sequence of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath)
... Methanotrophs are also able to metabolize or co-metabolize xenobiotic compounds, including chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene, and hence have potential as bioremediation tools (Large and Bamforth 1988). Distribution of methanotrophy within the Bacteria is currently thought to be relative ...
... Methanotrophs are also able to metabolize or co-metabolize xenobiotic compounds, including chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene, and hence have potential as bioremediation tools (Large and Bamforth 1988). Distribution of methanotrophy within the Bacteria is currently thought to be relative ...
The Role in Translation of Editing and Multi
... (EF1A) and GTP. All aaRSs have an aminoacylation domain, which is the active site that recognizes the specific amino acid, ATP, and the 3′ end of the bound tRNA to catalyze the aminoacylation reaction. Apart from the aminoacylation domain, some aaRSs have evolved additional domains that are involved ...
... (EF1A) and GTP. All aaRSs have an aminoacylation domain, which is the active site that recognizes the specific amino acid, ATP, and the 3′ end of the bound tRNA to catalyze the aminoacylation reaction. Apart from the aminoacylation domain, some aaRSs have evolved additional domains that are involved ...
Interactive exploration of genomic data from the nowac - Munin
... at correct zoom level. To understand diseases researchers collect data about different levels in our body, from the atoms of the cells and up to the function of organs. Showing the structure of atoms when looking at entire organs could overwhelm researchers with irrelevant information. In biology re ...
... at correct zoom level. To understand diseases researchers collect data about different levels in our body, from the atoms of the cells and up to the function of organs. Showing the structure of atoms when looking at entire organs could overwhelm researchers with irrelevant information. In biology re ...
Cytochromes in Streptococcus faecalis var
... faecalis var. zymogenes. Manometric techniques also revealed that resting suspensions of haematin-grown bacteria had an increased rate of oxygen uptake, and that haematin could not be used as a substrate. In this communication, functional cytochrome(s) have been identified and probably account for g ...
... faecalis var. zymogenes. Manometric techniques also revealed that resting suspensions of haematin-grown bacteria had an increased rate of oxygen uptake, and that haematin could not be used as a substrate. In this communication, functional cytochrome(s) have been identified and probably account for g ...
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY UNIVERSITY OF KERALA
... Cytoskeleton: Microtubules, Microfilaments and intermediary filaments. Extracellular matrix and cellular interactions: Extracellular Matrix components, Cell adhesion molecules, Cell – Cell communications, Cell – Cell Interaction. Cell signaling: receptors and their functions, signaling molecules, si ...
... Cytoskeleton: Microtubules, Microfilaments and intermediary filaments. Extracellular matrix and cellular interactions: Extracellular Matrix components, Cell adhesion molecules, Cell – Cell communications, Cell – Cell Interaction. Cell signaling: receptors and their functions, signaling molecules, si ...
Proteome analysis of tobacco BY-2 cell culture - ETH E
... except pollen. They are responsible for many of the essential biosynthetic and metabolic activities required for the basic architecture and functions of plant cells. Depending on the tissue type, they are differentiated into different forms. Proplastids are progenitors of all plastid types and act a ...
... except pollen. They are responsible for many of the essential biosynthetic and metabolic activities required for the basic architecture and functions of plant cells. Depending on the tissue type, they are differentiated into different forms. Proplastids are progenitors of all plastid types and act a ...
Drosophila Sirt2/mammalian SIRT3 deacetylates ATP synthase and
... Figure 1. Increase in ceramide levels results in depletion of NAD+ and decrease in sirtuin activity leading to hyperacetylation of proteins in different cellular compartments. (A) dcerk1 fly extracts show 65% reduction in NAD+ level compared with w1118 control. n = 3. (B) NAD synthesis and salvage ...
... Figure 1. Increase in ceramide levels results in depletion of NAD+ and decrease in sirtuin activity leading to hyperacetylation of proteins in different cellular compartments. (A) dcerk1 fly extracts show 65% reduction in NAD+ level compared with w1118 control. n = 3. (B) NAD synthesis and salvage ...
promoting training adaptations through nutritional
... AMPK is a critical signalling protein involved in the regulation of multiple metabolic and growth responses in skeletal muscle in response to exercise. This ‘fuel sensing’ enzyme is involved in acute exercise-induced events and also plays an obligatory role in adapting skeletal muscles to repeated b ...
... AMPK is a critical signalling protein involved in the regulation of multiple metabolic and growth responses in skeletal muscle in response to exercise. This ‘fuel sensing’ enzyme is involved in acute exercise-induced events and also plays an obligatory role in adapting skeletal muscles to repeated b ...
dbPSP: a curated database for protein phosphorylation sites in
... As one of the most important post-translational modifications, phosphorylation is highly involved in almost all of biological processes through temporally and spatially modifying substrate proteins. Recently, phosphorylation in prokaryotes attracted much attention for its critical roles in various c ...
... As one of the most important post-translational modifications, phosphorylation is highly involved in almost all of biological processes through temporally and spatially modifying substrate proteins. Recently, phosphorylation in prokaryotes attracted much attention for its critical roles in various c ...
Nutrition, Anabolism, and the Wound Healing Process: An Overview
... It is the loss of body protein, not fat loss, that produces the complications caused by involuntary weight loss. Protein makes up the critical cell structure in muscle, viscera, red cells, and connective tissue. Enzymes that direct metabolism and antibodies that maintain immune functions are also pr ...
... It is the loss of body protein, not fat loss, that produces the complications caused by involuntary weight loss. Protein makes up the critical cell structure in muscle, viscera, red cells, and connective tissue. Enzymes that direct metabolism and antibodies that maintain immune functions are also pr ...
Biochemistry2 2016 Lecture Glycogen Metabolism
... The path from insulin to GSK3 and glycogen synthase. Insulin binding to its receptor activates a tyrosine protein kinase receptor, which phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). The phosphotyrosine in this protein is then bound by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K), which converts ph ...
... The path from insulin to GSK3 and glycogen synthase. Insulin binding to its receptor activates a tyrosine protein kinase receptor, which phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). The phosphotyrosine in this protein is then bound by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K), which converts ph ...
Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.