![Rapamycin increases mitochondrial efficiency by mtDNA](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015429697_1-aa3e3e0234e051269281bbeeea366596-300x300.png)
Rapamycin increases mitochondrial efficiency by mtDNA
... activity, decreases H2O2 production and generates distinct shifts in the metabolite profiles ...
... activity, decreases H2O2 production and generates distinct shifts in the metabolite profiles ...
DISCOVERY OF ENZYMES RESPONSIBLE FOR AN ALTERNATE
... emerged from the primordial world (1). The differences between these lineages were discovered to be so profound that it required a change in the biological classification system (2). Archaea are now positioned in a separate domain with bacteria and eukaryotes representing the other domains and creat ...
... emerged from the primordial world (1). The differences between these lineages were discovered to be so profound that it required a change in the biological classification system (2). Archaea are now positioned in a separate domain with bacteria and eukaryotes representing the other domains and creat ...
Provitamin A Accumulation in Cassava (Manihot
... complete molecular elucidation of the pathway (for review, see DellaPenna and Pogson, 2006). In plant tissues exhibiting low-level carotenoid production, the limiting factor is commonly the expression level of phytoene synthase (PSY), which catalyzes the first carotenoidspecific reaction of prenyl l ...
... complete molecular elucidation of the pathway (for review, see DellaPenna and Pogson, 2006). In plant tissues exhibiting low-level carotenoid production, the limiting factor is commonly the expression level of phytoene synthase (PSY), which catalyzes the first carotenoidspecific reaction of prenyl l ...
Cyclic-‐di-‐AMP: another second messenger enters the fray
... Nucleotides are indispensible components of all living cells as they make up DNA and RNA, and serve as important energy sources. In addition to these functions, nucleotides also play key roles in signal ...
... Nucleotides are indispensible components of all living cells as they make up DNA and RNA, and serve as important energy sources. In addition to these functions, nucleotides also play key roles in signal ...
Steven`s project - The University of Texas at Dallas
... have yet to be fully understood. The folded state of a protein is the state in which it finally gains its functionality within the organism. As a result, it has become very important to try to predict these folding patterns for various reasons. Also, it has been found that the final shape of a folde ...
... have yet to be fully understood. The folded state of a protein is the state in which it finally gains its functionality within the organism. As a result, it has become very important to try to predict these folding patterns for various reasons. Also, it has been found that the final shape of a folde ...
Modulating the cobalt redox potential through imidazole hydrogen
... the molecule, between Him5 and the corrin side chains 151, 131, as well as the 1R situated on the peptide backbone (red on Fig. 3). These data thus unambiguously indicate a coordination of the imidazole group through the N3-nitrogen. These measurements also allowed determining the positioning of the ...
... the molecule, between Him5 and the corrin side chains 151, 131, as well as the 1R situated on the peptide backbone (red on Fig. 3). These data thus unambiguously indicate a coordination of the imidazole group through the N3-nitrogen. These measurements also allowed determining the positioning of the ...
Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam
... polar-head-group to the activation process has been documented [3-5]. Negatively charged liposomes can induce a variety of effects, ranging from activation to detachment of soluble ATPase [6, 7]. Influence on the association between the soluble enzyme and the endogenous ATPase inhibitor is believed ...
... polar-head-group to the activation process has been documented [3-5]. Negatively charged liposomes can induce a variety of effects, ranging from activation to detachment of soluble ATPase [6, 7]. Influence on the association between the soluble enzyme and the endogenous ATPase inhibitor is believed ...
a curated database for protein phosphorylation sites in prokaryotes
... As one of the most important post-translational modifications, phosphorylation is highly involved in almost all of biological processes through temporally and spatially modifying substrate proteins. Recently, phosphorylation in prokaryotes attracted much attention for its critical roles in various c ...
... As one of the most important post-translational modifications, phosphorylation is highly involved in almost all of biological processes through temporally and spatially modifying substrate proteins. Recently, phosphorylation in prokaryotes attracted much attention for its critical roles in various c ...
Feeney_ku_0099D_12934_DATA_1 - KU ScholarWorks
... Purpose: Oxidative post-translational modification of protein-bound tyrosine residues can have a significant impact on protein structure and function and thus may be important to physiological and pathological processes. Oxidative stress has been correlated with biological aging and many disease sta ...
... Purpose: Oxidative post-translational modification of protein-bound tyrosine residues can have a significant impact on protein structure and function and thus may be important to physiological and pathological processes. Oxidative stress has been correlated with biological aging and many disease sta ...
Comparison of the Structure of the Extrinsic 33 kDa Protein from
... directly by a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer in order to determine their cleavage sites. Since whether a peptide fragment can be detected by the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer depends on the matrix employed and the molecular mass of that fragment, two different matrices were used. One was a mixture of sin ...
... directly by a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer in order to determine their cleavage sites. Since whether a peptide fragment can be detected by the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer depends on the matrix employed and the molecular mass of that fragment, two different matrices were used. One was a mixture of sin ...
Artk96_CyclGMPReview_2016 - Pure
... temperature, light or precipitation, but also biological agents such as elicitors, hormones or action potentials. On the other end of the chain, responses typically involve changes in gene expression and post-translational modifications in effector proteins such as glycosylation, ubiquitination and ...
... temperature, light or precipitation, but also biological agents such as elicitors, hormones or action potentials. On the other end of the chain, responses typically involve changes in gene expression and post-translational modifications in effector proteins such as glycosylation, ubiquitination and ...
Yeast lipid metabolism at a glance
... Tamura et al., 2012). Therefore, a lipid transport system must exist to translocate lipids from their site of synthesis to their final destination (Achleitner et al., 1999; Schnabl et al., 2005; Peretti et al., 2008). Due to the very well-conserved mechanisms between all eukaryotes and due to other ...
... Tamura et al., 2012). Therefore, a lipid transport system must exist to translocate lipids from their site of synthesis to their final destination (Achleitner et al., 1999; Schnabl et al., 2005; Peretti et al., 2008). Due to the very well-conserved mechanisms between all eukaryotes and due to other ...
The Structure of the PanD/PanZ Protein Complex
... by panD (Williamson and Brown, 1979). ADC is one of a small subset of enzymes containing a protein-derived, covalently linked pyruvoyl cofactor (van Poelje and Snell, 1990). This cofactor was first observed in histidine decarboxylase (Snell, 1986) and is present in a set of highly conserved enzymes, ...
... by panD (Williamson and Brown, 1979). ADC is one of a small subset of enzymes containing a protein-derived, covalently linked pyruvoyl cofactor (van Poelje and Snell, 1990). This cofactor was first observed in histidine decarboxylase (Snell, 1986) and is present in a set of highly conserved enzymes, ...
patterning mechanisms controlling vertebrate limb development
... to the same type of embryonic layer (endoderm, mesoderm, or ectoderm). In the primordium, very often it is the establishment of cell-cell interactions between its mesenchymal and epidermal components that results in coordinated growth and patterning of structures derived from both layers. Interestin ...
... to the same type of embryonic layer (endoderm, mesoderm, or ectoderm). In the primordium, very often it is the establishment of cell-cell interactions between its mesenchymal and epidermal components that results in coordinated growth and patterning of structures derived from both layers. Interestin ...
2016A Guerreiro Microbial Cell
... mM for S. cerevisiae [6-8]. Depending on the acid concentration, acetic acid may induce a PCD either with an apoptotic or a necrotic phenotype [6-8]. In S. cerevisiae, acetic acid - induced PCD with an apoptotic phenotype is known to be mediated by mitochondria, an organelle that fulfills crucial fu ...
... mM for S. cerevisiae [6-8]. Depending on the acid concentration, acetic acid may induce a PCD either with an apoptotic or a necrotic phenotype [6-8]. In S. cerevisiae, acetic acid - induced PCD with an apoptotic phenotype is known to be mediated by mitochondria, an organelle that fulfills crucial fu ...
Glycolysis
... provides the electrons and enough reduction potential to do the job. In fact, consuming NADH is the main goal of this reaction. Cellular levels of NAD+/NADH are limited, and oxidation of NADH back to NAD+, provides an ongoing supply of this reactant for continued oxidation of GAP and continued produ ...
... provides the electrons and enough reduction potential to do the job. In fact, consuming NADH is the main goal of this reaction. Cellular levels of NAD+/NADH are limited, and oxidation of NADH back to NAD+, provides an ongoing supply of this reactant for continued oxidation of GAP and continued produ ...
microbial metabolism of oxalate and one
... (i) decarboxylatioll to fornate which is the source of NADH and (ii) reduc. tion by NADPH to glyoxylatc which initiates the synthesis of cell constituents. A major factor controlling thesc two alternative pathways is probably the relative levels of reduced and oxidized pyridine n~lcleotid~~, These l ...
... (i) decarboxylatioll to fornate which is the source of NADH and (ii) reduc. tion by NADPH to glyoxylatc which initiates the synthesis of cell constituents. A major factor controlling thesc two alternative pathways is probably the relative levels of reduced and oxidized pyridine n~lcleotid~~, These l ...
THE ROLE OF NODAL SIGNALING IN PATTERNING THE
... Induction is the process whereby one group of cells signals to a second group of cells to specify or influence the fate of the second group of cells. In order for this process to occur, an inducer has to produce the signal (such as a secreted factor) and the responder cells must have competence to r ...
... Induction is the process whereby one group of cells signals to a second group of cells to specify or influence the fate of the second group of cells. In order for this process to occur, an inducer has to produce the signal (such as a secreted factor) and the responder cells must have competence to r ...
Euglena gracilis Rhodoquinone:Ubiquinone Ratio and
... 4 – 6) and among various multicellular forms, such as parasitic worms (7–9), and marine animals like mussels (10). In some anaerobic mitochondria, ATP is synthesized via a protonpumping electron transport chain, but different terminal acceptors, and alternative terminal oxidases accordingly, are use ...
... 4 – 6) and among various multicellular forms, such as parasitic worms (7–9), and marine animals like mussels (10). In some anaerobic mitochondria, ATP is synthesized via a protonpumping electron transport chain, but different terminal acceptors, and alternative terminal oxidases accordingly, are use ...
Highly Conserved Region 141–168 of the NS1 Protein Is a New
... Of the 10 anti-NS1 MAbs described above, 2H11 and 3C4 were found to be complex-specific, 4G1 and 4C2 were found to be serotype-specific, and the others (1A5, 3F10, 4E5, 5E2, 4G11, and 5G12) were found to be subcomplex-specific (Table 2). The MAb isotypes were determined using an immunochromatography ...
... Of the 10 anti-NS1 MAbs described above, 2H11 and 3C4 were found to be complex-specific, 4G1 and 4C2 were found to be serotype-specific, and the others (1A5, 3F10, 4E5, 5E2, 4G11, and 5G12) were found to be subcomplex-specific (Table 2). The MAb isotypes were determined using an immunochromatography ...
The acetyl-CoA pathway of autotrophic growth
... second molecule of CO2 and CoA to form acetylCoA. We have designated this autotrophic pathway the acetyl-CoA pathway [1]. Evidence is accumulating that this pathway is utilized by other bacteria that grow with CO 2 and H 2 as the source of carbon and energy. This group includes bacteria which, like ...
... second molecule of CO2 and CoA to form acetylCoA. We have designated this autotrophic pathway the acetyl-CoA pathway [1]. Evidence is accumulating that this pathway is utilized by other bacteria that grow with CO 2 and H 2 as the source of carbon and energy. This group includes bacteria which, like ...
Recombinant thrombin receptor and related pharmaceuticals
... far, Whether proteolytic cleavage by thrombin is involved in ...
... far, Whether proteolytic cleavage by thrombin is involved in ...
iRsp1095: A genome-scale reconstruction of the Rhodobacter
... iRsp1095, consisting of 1,095 genes, 796 metabolites and 1158 reactions, including R. sphaeroides-specific biomass reactions developed in this study. Constraint-based analysis showed that iRsp1095 agreed well with experimental observations when modeling growth under respiratory and phototrophic cond ...
... iRsp1095, consisting of 1,095 genes, 796 metabolites and 1158 reactions, including R. sphaeroides-specific biomass reactions developed in this study. Constraint-based analysis showed that iRsp1095 agreed well with experimental observations when modeling growth under respiratory and phototrophic cond ...
High Resolution Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis of Proteins*
... by a chase period of 30 min during which time the nematodes were fed unlabeled E. coli. After this time no labeled E. coli proteins could be detected. Sample ...
... by a chase period of 30 min during which time the nematodes were fed unlabeled E. coli. After this time no labeled E. coli proteins could be detected. Sample ...
Translation of Cyclin mRNA Is Necessary for Extracts of Activated
... study cell-free extracts that require protein synthesis to enter mitosis and permit more than one round of DNA replication (Lohka and Masui, 1983, 1984; Hutchison et al., 1987; Blow and Laskey, 1988). If it could be shown that cyclin synthesis is necessary and sufficient to promote mitosis in vitro, ...
... study cell-free extracts that require protein synthesis to enter mitosis and permit more than one round of DNA replication (Lohka and Masui, 1983, 1984; Hutchison et al., 1987; Blow and Laskey, 1988). If it could be shown that cyclin synthesis is necessary and sufficient to promote mitosis in vitro, ...
Paracrine signalling
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Signal_transduction_pathways.png?width=300)
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.