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Calvin Cycle
... In order for the carbamate to reform, the enzyme must undergo transition to the open conformation. ...
... In order for the carbamate to reform, the enzyme must undergo transition to the open conformation. ...
NIH Public Access
... (Figure 1) and to the class Thermoanaerobacteriaceae. Figure 1 also highlights the known homoacetogenic microbes, revealing the wide distribution of phylogenetic classes in which this trait appears, clearly indicating that acetogenesis is a metabolic, not a phylogenetic trait. Besides the bacteria s ...
... (Figure 1) and to the class Thermoanaerobacteriaceae. Figure 1 also highlights the known homoacetogenic microbes, revealing the wide distribution of phylogenetic classes in which this trait appears, clearly indicating that acetogenesis is a metabolic, not a phylogenetic trait. Besides the bacteria s ...
Neurotransmitter signaling through heterotrimeric G
... release sites to activate GPCRs on distant cells. Individual receptor types are expressed on limited numbers of cells and thus can provide very specific regulation of an individual neural circuit and behavior. G protein coupled neurotransmitter receptors signal principally via the three types of het ...
... release sites to activate GPCRs on distant cells. Individual receptor types are expressed on limited numbers of cells and thus can provide very specific regulation of an individual neural circuit and behavior. G protein coupled neurotransmitter receptors signal principally via the three types of het ...
... of 8-10 association domains from which radiate globular catalytic domains (4). This study also suggests that the a isoform may assemble intoa decamer, while (3 forms an octamer. Studies of regulation of the kinase via autophosphorylation have revealed an intriguing mechanism by which CaM kinase can ...
Pyruvate Kinase
... High [glucose] within liver cells causes a transcription factor to activate transcription of the gene for Pyruvate Kinase. This facilitates converting excess glucose to pyruvate, which is metabolized to acetyl-CoA, the main precursor for synthesis of fatty acids, for long term energy storage. ...
... High [glucose] within liver cells causes a transcription factor to activate transcription of the gene for Pyruvate Kinase. This facilitates converting excess glucose to pyruvate, which is metabolized to acetyl-CoA, the main precursor for synthesis of fatty acids, for long term energy storage. ...
De novo lipogenesis in the liver in health and disease: more than
... glycolysis and the metabolism of carbohydrates. Therefore, a high-carbohydrate diet can prime the DNL pathway with a large substrate load and increase rates of DNL (Schwarz et al., 2003). Importantly this leads to an accumulation of DNL products, fatty acyl chains linked to coenzyme A, which can be ...
... glycolysis and the metabolism of carbohydrates. Therefore, a high-carbohydrate diet can prime the DNL pathway with a large substrate load and increase rates of DNL (Schwarz et al., 2003). Importantly this leads to an accumulation of DNL products, fatty acyl chains linked to coenzyme A, which can be ...
Flavors of Protein Disorder
... ago7, and that some proteins don’t fold due to an atypical amino acid composition was suggested more than 20 years ago8, 9. More recently, such proteins have been called "natively unfolded"10, "intrinsically unstructured"1, and “intrinsically disordered”2. The failure to self-fold into specific 3-D ...
... ago7, and that some proteins don’t fold due to an atypical amino acid composition was suggested more than 20 years ago8, 9. More recently, such proteins have been called "natively unfolded"10, "intrinsically unstructured"1, and “intrinsically disordered”2. The failure to self-fold into specific 3-D ...
antihistaminic
... Characters of first generation antihistamines 1- They have high lipid solubility so, they can penetrate BBB blocking central H1 receptors and some CNS receptors. Sedation, dizziness. 2- They contain the basic pharmacophore required for binding to muscarinic as well as adrenergic and serotonergic re ...
... Characters of first generation antihistamines 1- They have high lipid solubility so, they can penetrate BBB blocking central H1 receptors and some CNS receptors. Sedation, dizziness. 2- They contain the basic pharmacophore required for binding to muscarinic as well as adrenergic and serotonergic re ...
Identification of fungal oxaloacetate hydrolyase within the
... Aspergillus niger produces oxalic acid through the hydrolysis of oxaloacetate, catalyzed by the cytoplasmic enzyme oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase (OAH). The A. niger genome encodes four additional open reading frames with strong sequence similarity to OAH yet only the oahA gene encodes OAH activity. O ...
... Aspergillus niger produces oxalic acid through the hydrolysis of oxaloacetate, catalyzed by the cytoplasmic enzyme oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase (OAH). The A. niger genome encodes four additional open reading frames with strong sequence similarity to OAH yet only the oahA gene encodes OAH activity. O ...
emboj2009339-sup
... addition of 10 L SDS sample buffer (105 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 4% (w/v) SDS, 15% (v/v) glycerol, 1.2 M 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.02% (w/v) bromophenol blue), heated to 95°C for 5 min and proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE. Bands corresponding to the 1 and 1-subunits of AMPK were excised from Coomassie-b ...
... addition of 10 L SDS sample buffer (105 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 4% (w/v) SDS, 15% (v/v) glycerol, 1.2 M 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.02% (w/v) bromophenol blue), heated to 95°C for 5 min and proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE. Bands corresponding to the 1 and 1-subunits of AMPK were excised from Coomassie-b ...
Novel regulatory roles of cAMP receptor proteins in
... depletion of glucose leads to activation of adenylyl cyclase by the phosphorylated form of the EIIA protein of the phosphotransferase system (PTS) (Saier & Reizer, 1994). As a result of this activation, the levels of cAMP increase, which in turn binds to CRP, resulting in the formation of the cAMP–C ...
... depletion of glucose leads to activation of adenylyl cyclase by the phosphorylated form of the EIIA protein of the phosphotransferase system (PTS) (Saier & Reizer, 1994). As a result of this activation, the levels of cAMP increase, which in turn binds to CRP, resulting in the formation of the cAMP–C ...
"Genetic Methods of Polymer Synthesis". In: Encyclopedia of
... into the appropriate expression host. Alternatively, short, repetitive amino acid sequences that are found in naturally occurring proteins can be linked together to form an artificial protein (one that does not exist in nature). Finally, since the folding of certain amino acid motifs is understood, a ...
... into the appropriate expression host. Alternatively, short, repetitive amino acid sequences that are found in naturally occurring proteins can be linked together to form an artificial protein (one that does not exist in nature). Finally, since the folding of certain amino acid motifs is understood, a ...
application of recombinant smr-domain containing protein of
... Abstract. The aim of this study was to find novel proteins expressed from an Angiostrongylus cantonensis adult female worm cDNA library for serodiagnosis of angiostrongyliasis. An immuno-dominant clone, fAC22, was identified by immunoscreening with pooled positive sera from proven angiostrongyliasis ...
... Abstract. The aim of this study was to find novel proteins expressed from an Angiostrongylus cantonensis adult female worm cDNA library for serodiagnosis of angiostrongyliasis. An immuno-dominant clone, fAC22, was identified by immunoscreening with pooled positive sera from proven angiostrongyliasis ...
Disorder Prediction Methods, Their Applicability to Different Protein
... method, depending on which composition or flavour was used as training set for its development. A study undertaken by Vucetic et al. revealed that there may be three distinct flavours of disorder based on the composition; these have arbitrarily been named V, C & S [29]. Flavour V contains a greater ...
... method, depending on which composition or flavour was used as training set for its development. A study undertaken by Vucetic et al. revealed that there may be three distinct flavours of disorder based on the composition; these have arbitrarily been named V, C & S [29]. Flavour V contains a greater ...
Automated extraction of mutation data from the literature: application
... The documents are first split into sentences and words, and non-alphanumeric characters are removed from the words, as point mutations may include non-alphanumeric characters [e.g. ‘A234-T’, ‘A(234)T’]. Terms that match the regular expression are then retained for further analysis. When the second a ...
... The documents are first split into sentences and words, and non-alphanumeric characters are removed from the words, as point mutations may include non-alphanumeric characters [e.g. ‘A234-T’, ‘A(234)T’]. Terms that match the regular expression are then retained for further analysis. When the second a ...
“FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PULSATILE
... part of hemostasis , where in a damaged blood vessel wall is covered by a platelet and fibrincontaining clot to stop bleeding and begin repair of the damaged vessel. Coagulation begins almost instantly after an injury to the blood vessel has damaged the endothelium (lining of the vessel). Exposure o ...
... part of hemostasis , where in a damaged blood vessel wall is covered by a platelet and fibrincontaining clot to stop bleeding and begin repair of the damaged vessel. Coagulation begins almost instantly after an injury to the blood vessel has damaged the endothelium (lining of the vessel). Exposure o ...
The Nrf2/ARE Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target in
... the major reactive carbonyls produced as a result of lipid peroxidation. Additionally, Nrf2 regulates aldehyde dehydrogenase II (aldh1a1). This enzyme is also known to detoxify HNE as well as malondialdehyde, another highly reactive byproduct of lipid peroxidation. Several other examples can be foun ...
... the major reactive carbonyls produced as a result of lipid peroxidation. Additionally, Nrf2 regulates aldehyde dehydrogenase II (aldh1a1). This enzyme is also known to detoxify HNE as well as malondialdehyde, another highly reactive byproduct of lipid peroxidation. Several other examples can be foun ...
Mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle insulin resistance induced
... mellitus patients is associated with impairments in glucose uptake, utilization and oxidation in insulin-sensitive tissues (heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue) [19-21]. Acutely, fatty acids lead to Randle cycle effect, increasing intracellular content of citrate and glucose-6phosphate and dec ...
... mellitus patients is associated with impairments in glucose uptake, utilization and oxidation in insulin-sensitive tissues (heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue) [19-21]. Acutely, fatty acids lead to Randle cycle effect, increasing intracellular content of citrate and glucose-6phosphate and dec ...
PSLDoc: Protein subcellular localization prediction based on
... probability distribution based on those generated in the previous stage and determines the final prediction as the site of the highest probability. The authors of CELLO II also classify a query protein, whose localization site is to be predicted, into low- or high-homology data sets depending on its ...
... probability distribution based on those generated in the previous stage and determines the final prediction as the site of the highest probability. The authors of CELLO II also classify a query protein, whose localization site is to be predicted, into low- or high-homology data sets depending on its ...
Identification and Analysis of Dicer Associated Proteins in
... containing three dsRNA binding domains (dsRBD). We found that this protein interacts with human Dicer in vivo and in vitro, and that this interaction involves Dicer’s N-terminal helicase domain and TRBP’s third dsRBD. TRBP has previously been assigned several different functions, including inhibitio ...
... containing three dsRNA binding domains (dsRBD). We found that this protein interacts with human Dicer in vivo and in vitro, and that this interaction involves Dicer’s N-terminal helicase domain and TRBP’s third dsRBD. TRBP has previously been assigned several different functions, including inhibitio ...
Proteins - The Open University
... Adhesion Cell surface proteins mediate contact between cells and between a cell and the extracellular matrix (which is also made up of proteins). Movement Proteins generate movement in a cell (motor proteins). Defence Antibodies (immunoglobulins) are proteins that recognise specific targets (usually ...
... Adhesion Cell surface proteins mediate contact between cells and between a cell and the extracellular matrix (which is also made up of proteins). Movement Proteins generate movement in a cell (motor proteins). Defence Antibodies (immunoglobulins) are proteins that recognise specific targets (usually ...
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
... studying RNA–protein interactions [21]. In this system, a first plasmid contains a modified lacZ reporter gene with an RNA-binding element located close to the translation initiation region. A second plasmid expresses the RNA-binding protein that recognizes this RNA element. When the protein is bound ...
... studying RNA–protein interactions [21]. In this system, a first plasmid contains a modified lacZ reporter gene with an RNA-binding element located close to the translation initiation region. A second plasmid expresses the RNA-binding protein that recognizes this RNA element. When the protein is bound ...
Text - Enlighten: Publications
... cholesterol synthesis pathway and the target for statins. Following a combination of phosphorylation and decarboxylation reactions, mevalonate gives rise to isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), which is then converted to squalene by a series of condensation and reduction reactions. The pathway between I ...
... cholesterol synthesis pathway and the target for statins. Following a combination of phosphorylation and decarboxylation reactions, mevalonate gives rise to isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), which is then converted to squalene by a series of condensation and reduction reactions. The pathway between I ...
structural basis for thermal stability of thermophilic trmd proteins
... increase in the GC content of the DNA. This was termed the thermal adaptation hypothesis and it predicts that large positive contrasts in temperature should be matched by large positive differences in GC content. G-C base pairs offer three hydrogen bonds in comparison to the A-T base pairs which onl ...
... increase in the GC content of the DNA. This was termed the thermal adaptation hypothesis and it predicts that large positive contrasts in temperature should be matched by large positive differences in GC content. G-C base pairs offer three hydrogen bonds in comparison to the A-T base pairs which onl ...
Paracrine signalling
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Signal_transduction_pathways.png?width=300)
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.