Nutrient Sensing through the Plasma Membrane of Eukaryotic Cells
... targets them to the SCFGrr1 ubiquitin-protein ligase. The ensuing ubiquitination of Mth1 and Std1 targets them to the proteasome for degradation (V. Brachet, unpublished work). Below are brief summaries of what is known about each component of this glucose sensing and signalling pathway beginning fr ...
... targets them to the SCFGrr1 ubiquitin-protein ligase. The ensuing ubiquitination of Mth1 and Std1 targets them to the proteasome for degradation (V. Brachet, unpublished work). Below are brief summaries of what is known about each component of this glucose sensing and signalling pathway beginning fr ...
Benzoate mediates the simultaneous repression of anaerobic 4
... Aromatic compounds are widely distributed and abundant constituents of natural organic matter [1], and support as energy-rich substrates the growth of heterotrophic bacteria. In the environment, aromatic compounds typically co-occur with various and often more easily degradable substrates (e.g., ali ...
... Aromatic compounds are widely distributed and abundant constituents of natural organic matter [1], and support as energy-rich substrates the growth of heterotrophic bacteria. In the environment, aromatic compounds typically co-occur with various and often more easily degradable substrates (e.g., ali ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... source in almost all living cells, major emphasis is placed on its synthesis, degradation, and storage. iving cells are in a state of ceaseless activity. To maintain its “life,” each cell depends on highly coordinated biochemical reactions. Carbohydrates are an important source of the energy that dr ...
... source in almost all living cells, major emphasis is placed on its synthesis, degradation, and storage. iving cells are in a state of ceaseless activity. To maintain its “life,” each cell depends on highly coordinated biochemical reactions. Carbohydrates are an important source of the energy that dr ...
Protein sequence databases
... • Prediction of protein structure is still not possible from sequence alone • Not all mechanisms of protein folding are known • Experimental protein structure determination – is time consuming – is very expensive – is not always possible (protein must be in crystal structure) – results in only one c ...
... • Prediction of protein structure is still not possible from sequence alone • Not all mechanisms of protein folding are known • Experimental protein structure determination – is time consuming – is very expensive – is not always possible (protein must be in crystal structure) – results in only one c ...
Lecture 1 – Classification - LCQB
... There exist no remain of primitive proteins. All information about protein structures is derived from the proteins of present-day organisms, and the current protein universe represents a time-sliced view of all proteins at their various stages of evolution. ...
... There exist no remain of primitive proteins. All information about protein structures is derived from the proteins of present-day organisms, and the current protein universe represents a time-sliced view of all proteins at their various stages of evolution. ...
Lecture 1 – Classification - LCQB
... There exist no remain of primitive proteins. All information about protein structures is derived from the proteins of present-day organisms, and the current protein universe represents a time-sliced view of all proteins at their various stages of evolution. ...
... There exist no remain of primitive proteins. All information about protein structures is derived from the proteins of present-day organisms, and the current protein universe represents a time-sliced view of all proteins at their various stages of evolution. ...
Cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding acidophilic amylase
... which were made for sequencing. E. coli strains were grown in Luria broth supplemented with ampicillin (100 pg ml-'). Enzyme assays. The Phadebas amylase test (for food applications, unbuffered ; Pharmacia) was used for quantitative amylase activity measurements. The Phadebas test is based on a blue ...
... which were made for sequencing. E. coli strains were grown in Luria broth supplemented with ampicillin (100 pg ml-'). Enzyme assays. The Phadebas amylase test (for food applications, unbuffered ; Pharmacia) was used for quantitative amylase activity measurements. The Phadebas test is based on a blue ...
Propionate metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... Aerobic, glucose-limited chemostat of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 cometabolized propionate when this compound was added t o the reservoir medium. Co-metabolism of propionate led to an increase of the biomass and protein yields. Attempts to grow 5. cerevisiae on propionate as a sole source of c ...
... Aerobic, glucose-limited chemostat of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 cometabolized propionate when this compound was added t o the reservoir medium. Co-metabolism of propionate led to an increase of the biomass and protein yields. Attempts to grow 5. cerevisiae on propionate as a sole source of c ...
Fructose-1,6 - LSU School of Medicine
... Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is regulated at the level of ...
... Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is regulated at the level of ...
Relationship between Human Adipose Tissue Agouti and - Zen-Bio
... The human homologue of agouti, unlike its murine counterpart, is expressed in adipose tissue (Kwon et al. 1994), indicating a possible physiologic role for agouti in human adipose tissue. We showed previously that the FAS mRNA level is significantly higher in adipose tissue from obese Avy mice than ...
... The human homologue of agouti, unlike its murine counterpart, is expressed in adipose tissue (Kwon et al. 1994), indicating a possible physiologic role for agouti in human adipose tissue. We showed previously that the FAS mRNA level is significantly higher in adipose tissue from obese Avy mice than ...
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Sara R. Fassio for the degree of
... TCP is a type IV pilus that is essential for the colonization of the epithelial mucosa. Mutations in the tcpA gene, which encodes for TCP, resulted in a marked decrease of cholera symptoms in human volunteers (16). CT and TCP are co-regulated by a complex cascade of factors. The genes that encode TC ...
... TCP is a type IV pilus that is essential for the colonization of the epithelial mucosa. Mutations in the tcpA gene, which encodes for TCP, resulted in a marked decrease of cholera symptoms in human volunteers (16). CT and TCP are co-regulated by a complex cascade of factors. The genes that encode TC ...
Role of CD3 /in T Cell Receptor Assembly
... amino acids of the TCR subunits play an import role in the interaction between Ti and CD3 chains. However, the role of the charged amino acid in the TM domain of CD37 in assembly of the complete TCR has not been studied in T cells. Furthermore, the role of the cytoplasmic tail of CD3~ in TCR assembl ...
... amino acids of the TCR subunits play an import role in the interaction between Ti and CD3 chains. However, the role of the charged amino acid in the TM domain of CD37 in assembly of the complete TCR has not been studied in T cells. Furthermore, the role of the cytoplasmic tail of CD3~ in TCR assembl ...
Cis-trans isomerization of omega dihedrals in Proteins
... Proteins are major components of all cells. Composed of a sequence of amino acids, they are the support of critical biological functions. Amino acids are composed of a succession of N, Cα, C and O atoms defining the protein backbone while more versatile side-chains give them specific physiochemical ...
... Proteins are major components of all cells. Composed of a sequence of amino acids, they are the support of critical biological functions. Amino acids are composed of a succession of N, Cα, C and O atoms defining the protein backbone while more versatile side-chains give them specific physiochemical ...
attached paper highlights
... The PPAR family of transcription factors plays a major role in the expression of proteins involved in extra and intramitochondrial fatty acid transport and oxidation (FAO). All PPARs are expressed in the myocardium, although PPARa and b/d are the main cardiac isoforms. PPARa binds its obligate partn ...
... The PPAR family of transcription factors plays a major role in the expression of proteins involved in extra and intramitochondrial fatty acid transport and oxidation (FAO). All PPARs are expressed in the myocardium, although PPARa and b/d are the main cardiac isoforms. PPARa binds its obligate partn ...
Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic
... This insulin-sensitizing effect of adiponectin seems to be mediated by an increase in fatty-acid oxidation through activation of AMP kinase10,11 and PPAR-a5,6,12. Here we report the cloning of complementary DNAs encoding adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) by expression cloning14–16. ...
... This insulin-sensitizing effect of adiponectin seems to be mediated by an increase in fatty-acid oxidation through activation of AMP kinase10,11 and PPAR-a5,6,12. Here we report the cloning of complementary DNAs encoding adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) by expression cloning14–16. ...
Document
... 11. Plasma Membrane Proteins (100-500) – Transport across membranes, transmission of important metabolic signals across plasma membrane © 2006, Alpay Taralp, Sabanci University ...
... 11. Plasma Membrane Proteins (100-500) – Transport across membranes, transmission of important metabolic signals across plasma membrane © 2006, Alpay Taralp, Sabanci University ...
Mechanisms and applications of disulfide bond formation
... these proteins contain disulfide bonds in their native state, covalent links formed between the thiol groups of cysteine residues. In many proteins, disulfide bonds play an essential role in folding, stabilizing structure and the function of the protein. Therefore, understanding the pathways of disu ...
... these proteins contain disulfide bonds in their native state, covalent links formed between the thiol groups of cysteine residues. In many proteins, disulfide bonds play an essential role in folding, stabilizing structure and the function of the protein. Therefore, understanding the pathways of disu ...
Introduction: Dietary carbohydrates digestion give mainly
... the fetal blood. Fructose is preferred fuel molecule in semen for sperms, may be because other tissues (penile urethra and vagina) that comes in contact with semen prefers glucose as fuel molecule. ...
... the fetal blood. Fructose is preferred fuel molecule in semen for sperms, may be because other tissues (penile urethra and vagina) that comes in contact with semen prefers glucose as fuel molecule. ...
phosphorylation. synthesis via the mechanism of substrate level
... source. During growth, pyruvate is converted to CH4 and CO2, and about 1.5 mol of ATP per mol of CH4 is formed (A.-K. Bock, A. Prieger-Kraft, and P. Schönheit, Arch. Microbiol. 161:33–46, 1994). The pyruvateutilizing mutant of M. barkeri could also grow on pyruvate when methanogenesis was completel ...
... source. During growth, pyruvate is converted to CH4 and CO2, and about 1.5 mol of ATP per mol of CH4 is formed (A.-K. Bock, A. Prieger-Kraft, and P. Schönheit, Arch. Microbiol. 161:33–46, 1994). The pyruvateutilizing mutant of M. barkeri could also grow on pyruvate when methanogenesis was completel ...
Host Factors in the Replication of Positive
... Following translation and processing of viral proteins, (+)RNA viruses adopt a relatively conserved process for completing the RNA replication cycle in host cells. Studies of the mechanisms of (+)RNA virus replication have suggested that this process usually involves the following steps: 1) selectin ...
... Following translation and processing of viral proteins, (+)RNA viruses adopt a relatively conserved process for completing the RNA replication cycle in host cells. Studies of the mechanisms of (+)RNA virus replication have suggested that this process usually involves the following steps: 1) selectin ...
Metabolomic and flux‐balance analysis of age‐related decline of
... sudden oxygen influxes that its inactive oxidative pathways and damaged mitochondria cannot immediately metabolize, resulting in the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Ambrosio et al, 1987). It has been suggested that one way by which hypoxia-tolerant organisms prevent these dangerous imbalan ...
... sudden oxygen influxes that its inactive oxidative pathways and damaged mitochondria cannot immediately metabolize, resulting in the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Ambrosio et al, 1987). It has been suggested that one way by which hypoxia-tolerant organisms prevent these dangerous imbalan ...
Red cell pyruvate kinase deficiency: molecular and clinical aspects
... the second part of glycolysis. Moreover, the substrate PEP and the product pyruvate are involved in a number of energetic and biosynthetic pathways and the tight regulation of PK activity has been shown to be of great importance not only for glycolysis itself, but also for the entire cellular metabo ...
... the second part of glycolysis. Moreover, the substrate PEP and the product pyruvate are involved in a number of energetic and biosynthetic pathways and the tight regulation of PK activity has been shown to be of great importance not only for glycolysis itself, but also for the entire cellular metabo ...
Role of Dietary Soy Protein in Obesity
... diets containing 30% fat and in genetically obese yellow KK mice [39]. They showed that body fat content and plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in mice fed SPI and SPI+H diets than in those fed casein. In rats, plasma total cholesterol level was lower with the SPI+H diet than with the ca ...
... diets containing 30% fat and in genetically obese yellow KK mice [39]. They showed that body fat content and plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in mice fed SPI and SPI+H diets than in those fed casein. In rats, plasma total cholesterol level was lower with the SPI+H diet than with the ca ...
The extraction of collagen protein from pigskin
... products are predominant in our country’s meat industry. Pigskin, as a by-product of pork production, has not been well utilized except for a fraction of 20%~30%, which are made into leather products [1]. Thus, it is meaningful to extract collagen protein, which has high added values, from pigskin r ...
... products are predominant in our country’s meat industry. Pigskin, as a by-product of pork production, has not been well utilized except for a fraction of 20%~30%, which are made into leather products [1]. Thus, it is meaningful to extract collagen protein, which has high added values, from pigskin r ...
Metabolism of Plasma Membrane Lipids in
... pivotal site for the metabolism of lipids. At the same time, this membrane must perform many other functions associated with energy production, nutrient uptake, protein export, and various sensing/signaling reactions. Studies on how these metabolic and cellular processes might be organized within ba ...
... pivotal site for the metabolism of lipids. At the same time, this membrane must perform many other functions associated with energy production, nutrient uptake, protein export, and various sensing/signaling reactions. Studies on how these metabolic and cellular processes might be organized within ba ...
Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.