The Complete Genome Sequence of Clostridium aceticum: a
... spectroscopy at room temperature and ⫺196°C in cell-free extracts of C. aceticum (15). The bands obtained indicated a c-type cytochrome. Indeed, all genes required for synthesis of a cytochrome c could be identified in the genome of C. aceticum (hemACDBL [CACET_c00470-CACET_c00520], hemE [CACET_ c22 ...
... spectroscopy at room temperature and ⫺196°C in cell-free extracts of C. aceticum (15). The bands obtained indicated a c-type cytochrome. Indeed, all genes required for synthesis of a cytochrome c could be identified in the genome of C. aceticum (hemACDBL [CACET_c00470-CACET_c00520], hemE [CACET_ c22 ...
Infrared spectroscopy: a tool for protein characterization Chenge Li
... P-type ATPase family is a family of ion pumps that transfer cations across membranes using the energy released by ATP hydrolysis10-12. P-type ATPases are characterized by the formation of a phosphorylated enzyme intermediate that forms through the transfer of the γ-phosphate of ATP to a conserved as ...
... P-type ATPase family is a family of ion pumps that transfer cations across membranes using the energy released by ATP hydrolysis10-12. P-type ATPases are characterized by the formation of a phosphorylated enzyme intermediate that forms through the transfer of the γ-phosphate of ATP to a conserved as ...
Physiology of the thermophilic acetogen Moorella - The Keep
... common underlying feature: the reduction of CO2 to acetate via ametabolic process that is now referred to as the acetyl-‐CoA pathway (Fig. 2). This pathway, which will be described below, is also r ...
... common underlying feature: the reduction of CO2 to acetate via ametabolic process that is now referred to as the acetyl-‐CoA pathway (Fig. 2). This pathway, which will be described below, is also r ...
Second Half of Glycolysis
... Glycolysis is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism. Nearly all living organisms carry out glycolysis as part of their metabolism. The process does not use oxygen and is therefore anaerobic. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic an ...
... Glycolysis is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism. Nearly all living organisms carry out glycolysis as part of their metabolism. The process does not use oxygen and is therefore anaerobic. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic an ...
Transcriptome analysis of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L
... CoA thioesters to enter the eukaryotic glycerolipid synthesis pathway [14,15]. In the endoplasmic reticulum, acyl-CoAs can be used for the sequential sn-1 and sn-2 acylation of glycerol-3-phosphate to produce phosphatidic acid, and are then converted to 1, 2-sn-diacylglycerol (DAG) by phosphatidate ...
... CoA thioesters to enter the eukaryotic glycerolipid synthesis pathway [14,15]. In the endoplasmic reticulum, acyl-CoAs can be used for the sequential sn-1 and sn-2 acylation of glycerol-3-phosphate to produce phosphatidic acid, and are then converted to 1, 2-sn-diacylglycerol (DAG) by phosphatidate ...
Adaptative biochemical pathways and regulatory networks in
... Physiological studies [12], EPS composition and metal-binding activity thereof [17, 18] revealed characteristic peculiarities of BAS-10 strain. Thus, a sequence of 1447 nt gene was generated from BAS-10 16S rDNA (Additional File 1) to perform phylogenetic clustering. Two ClustalW analyses were perfo ...
... Physiological studies [12], EPS composition and metal-binding activity thereof [17, 18] revealed characteristic peculiarities of BAS-10 strain. Thus, a sequence of 1447 nt gene was generated from BAS-10 16S rDNA (Additional File 1) to perform phylogenetic clustering. Two ClustalW analyses were perfo ...
The Structure and Topology of Protein Serine/Threonine
... that shares sequence similarity with PP2C. This domain may function to mediate Ras-GTP activation of adenylyl cyclase activity and is not known to possess protein phosphatase activity. In eukaryotes, the various isoforms of PP2C have been implicated in diverse functions such as regulation of cell-cy ...
... that shares sequence similarity with PP2C. This domain may function to mediate Ras-GTP activation of adenylyl cyclase activity and is not known to possess protein phosphatase activity. In eukaryotes, the various isoforms of PP2C have been implicated in diverse functions such as regulation of cell-cy ...
The integrity of a cholesterol-binding pocket in Niemann–Pick C2
... dementia (1). Substantial cell death, particularly in the cerebellum, accounts for some of the symptoms. At the cellular level, mutant cells accumulate cholesterol and other lipids in aberrant compartments with features of late endosomes and lysosomes, and the normal homeostatic response to this exc ...
... dementia (1). Substantial cell death, particularly in the cerebellum, accounts for some of the symptoms. At the cellular level, mutant cells accumulate cholesterol and other lipids in aberrant compartments with features of late endosomes and lysosomes, and the normal homeostatic response to this exc ...
Introduction to Carbohydrates
... Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent enzymes. They are found primarily in endothelium (eNOS), & neural tissue (nNOS), & constantly produce low levels of NO - An inducible, Ca2+-independent enz. (iNOS) can be expressed in many cells, including hepatocytes, macrophages, monocytes, & neutrophils - The specific in ...
... Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent enzymes. They are found primarily in endothelium (eNOS), & neural tissue (nNOS), & constantly produce low levels of NO - An inducible, Ca2+-independent enz. (iNOS) can be expressed in many cells, including hepatocytes, macrophages, monocytes, & neutrophils - The specific in ...
GFP-labelled Rubisco and aspartate aminotransferase are present
... 2003). Experiments with inhibitors of the cytoskeleton have demonstrated that microtubules and actin micro®laments both contribute to the morphology of stromules (Kwok and Hanson, 2003). Stromule motility, similar to chloroplast movement, is driven by actin micro®laments, with an inhibitory contribu ...
... 2003). Experiments with inhibitors of the cytoskeleton have demonstrated that microtubules and actin micro®laments both contribute to the morphology of stromules (Kwok and Hanson, 2003). Stromule motility, similar to chloroplast movement, is driven by actin micro®laments, with an inhibitory contribu ...
PDF
... and Suzuki, 2014). Such morphogenetic hot spots must exist in order to generate organ-specific shapes, as otherwise only isotropically expanded, ball-like structures would form. Once these hot spots are identified, inter-hierarchical relationships between events at different spatial scales will be r ...
... and Suzuki, 2014). Such morphogenetic hot spots must exist in order to generate organ-specific shapes, as otherwise only isotropically expanded, ball-like structures would form. Once these hot spots are identified, inter-hierarchical relationships between events at different spatial scales will be r ...
Marine alga Sargassum horneri active component
... Autophagy by amino acids and their metabolites Amino acids are transported into the cell from outside by solute carrier (SLC) superfamily proteins, which are membrane-spanning amino acid transporter proteins [43]. It has been reported that amino acids (particularly leucine, glutamine, or arginine) a ...
... Autophagy by amino acids and their metabolites Amino acids are transported into the cell from outside by solute carrier (SLC) superfamily proteins, which are membrane-spanning amino acid transporter proteins [43]. It has been reported that amino acids (particularly leucine, glutamine, or arginine) a ...
- Wiley Online Library
... responses mediated by the fungal protein ethylene-inducing xylanase (EIX). The movement of FYVE-positive endosomes before and after EIX application was examined using spinning disc confocal microscopy. We found that while FYVE-positive endosomes generally observe a random movement pattern, following ...
... responses mediated by the fungal protein ethylene-inducing xylanase (EIX). The movement of FYVE-positive endosomes before and after EIX application was examined using spinning disc confocal microscopy. We found that while FYVE-positive endosomes generally observe a random movement pattern, following ...
AtPex14p maintains peroxisomal functions by determining protein
... exclusively degraded in glyoxysomes (i.e. not in mitochondria) during germination and post-germinative growth (Beevers, 1982). In contrast, leaf peroxisomes are found widely in cells of photosynthetic organs. It has been shown that some of the enzymes responsible for photorespiration are localized i ...
... exclusively degraded in glyoxysomes (i.e. not in mitochondria) during germination and post-germinative growth (Beevers, 1982). In contrast, leaf peroxisomes are found widely in cells of photosynthetic organs. It has been shown that some of the enzymes responsible for photorespiration are localized i ...
Section 5.3: Proteins
... Less structurally complex than larger proteins, peptides still have biologically important functions Glutathione is a tripeptide found in most all organisms and is involved in protein and DNA synthesis, toxic substance metabolism, and amino acid transport Vasopressin is an antidiuretic hormone th ...
... Less structurally complex than larger proteins, peptides still have biologically important functions Glutathione is a tripeptide found in most all organisms and is involved in protein and DNA synthesis, toxic substance metabolism, and amino acid transport Vasopressin is an antidiuretic hormone th ...
Structural Insights into Triglyceride Storage Mediated by
... do not play a known role in lipolysis [12]. Knockdown of FIT2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes or in zebrafish resulted in a significant decrease in lipid droplet accumulation, indicating an important role of FIT2 in lipid droplet accumulation in these models. FIT proteins are unique in their biochemical mode o ...
... do not play a known role in lipolysis [12]. Knockdown of FIT2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes or in zebrafish resulted in a significant decrease in lipid droplet accumulation, indicating an important role of FIT2 in lipid droplet accumulation in these models. FIT proteins are unique in their biochemical mode o ...
Nonphosphorylating Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate
... produce NADPH after coupling anabolism with glycolysis (Habenicht, 1997). The occurrence of np-Ga3PDHase in the cytosol of plant cells establishes an alternative for the Ga3P oxidation step during glycolysis. As a result, Ga3P can be metabolized to 3PGA either by the coupling of phosphorylating NAD- ...
... produce NADPH after coupling anabolism with glycolysis (Habenicht, 1997). The occurrence of np-Ga3PDHase in the cytosol of plant cells establishes an alternative for the Ga3P oxidation step during glycolysis. As a result, Ga3P can be metabolized to 3PGA either by the coupling of phosphorylating NAD- ...
Increasing Muscle Growth
... from 10-35% of daily energy intake for most adults. As noted earlier increases in protein is known to be beneficial when a resistance training program is added to one’s lifestyle, however the specific recommendations are still unknown. ...
... from 10-35% of daily energy intake for most adults. As noted earlier increases in protein is known to be beneficial when a resistance training program is added to one’s lifestyle, however the specific recommendations are still unknown. ...
Considerations on the structures involved in the
... Depolarization causes calcium deposits also to mobilize. For asset-dependent receptors, it is assumed that there is an infinite number of external signals acting through mobilizing calcium receptor ((Bianchi et.al., 2004). Maintaining a high concentration of calcium in the cytosol, as well as the re ...
... Depolarization causes calcium deposits also to mobilize. For asset-dependent receptors, it is assumed that there is an infinite number of external signals acting through mobilizing calcium receptor ((Bianchi et.al., 2004). Maintaining a high concentration of calcium in the cytosol, as well as the re ...
Comparison of good-and bad-quality cork: application of high
... a potential decrease in cork quality strongly concerns producers and industry, and better understanding of the differentiation between good- and bad-quality cork (BQC) is an ever-present quest. Cork quality is dependent on both genome and environment (Pereira, 1988; Conde et al., 1998). The molecul ...
... a potential decrease in cork quality strongly concerns producers and industry, and better understanding of the differentiation between good- and bad-quality cork (BQC) is an ever-present quest. Cork quality is dependent on both genome and environment (Pereira, 1988; Conde et al., 1998). The molecul ...
Stockholm University
... The human galanin receptor type 3 inserted into pcDNA3.1 plasmid was purchased from Missouri University of Science and Technology cDNA Resource Center (MO, U.S.A.). All mutations, including addition of the FLAG-tag, was performed using the QuikChange1 II Site Directed mutagenesis kit (Stratagene, La ...
... The human galanin receptor type 3 inserted into pcDNA3.1 plasmid was purchased from Missouri University of Science and Technology cDNA Resource Center (MO, U.S.A.). All mutations, including addition of the FLAG-tag, was performed using the QuikChange1 II Site Directed mutagenesis kit (Stratagene, La ...
... carried out in this fungal species.27 Seven enzymes and more than twelve non-linked genes are responsible for the biosynthesis of lysine in S. cerevisiae. Steps comprising the first half of the pathway leading to αaminoadipate take place in the mitochondria with the exception being the synthesis of ...
The LIR motif – crucial for selective autophagy
... Fig. 3. LIR motif consensus and structural determinants of LIR–ATG8 interactions. (A) Surface representation of LC3B bound to the p62-LIR peptide (top left), yeast Atg8 bound to the Atg19-LIR peptide (top right), GABARAP-L1 bound to the NBR1-LIR peptide (bottom left) and LC3C bound to the NDP52-LIR ...
... Fig. 3. LIR motif consensus and structural determinants of LIR–ATG8 interactions. (A) Surface representation of LC3B bound to the p62-LIR peptide (top left), yeast Atg8 bound to the Atg19-LIR peptide (top right), GABARAP-L1 bound to the NBR1-LIR peptide (bottom left) and LC3C bound to the NDP52-LIR ...
Breakfast Computations Simplified
... isomeric changes (changes in shape morphing) as well as transformation into toxic forms, under the impact of microwaves. The violent change that microwaving causes to food microstructure forms new molecular forms called radiolytic compounds. These mutations are unknown in the natural world. Ordinary ...
... isomeric changes (changes in shape morphing) as well as transformation into toxic forms, under the impact of microwaves. The violent change that microwaving causes to food microstructure forms new molecular forms called radiolytic compounds. These mutations are unknown in the natural world. Ordinary ...
Src protein–tyrosine kinase structure and regulation
... than the wild type enzyme and can induce anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumors in vivo [18,19]. Tyr527 phosphorylation results from the action of other protein–tyrosine kinases including Csk and Chk [20,21]. Src undergoes an intermolecular autophosphorylation at tyrosine 416; this residue ...
... than the wild type enzyme and can induce anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumors in vivo [18,19]. Tyr527 phosphorylation results from the action of other protein–tyrosine kinases including Csk and Chk [20,21]. Src undergoes an intermolecular autophosphorylation at tyrosine 416; this residue ...
Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.