Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression: the Many Hats
... by cytoplasmic transport in what typically appear to be 0.5-1 µm diameter granules that incorporate motor proteins. Despite the numerous studies of RNA localisation in Drosophila and Xenopus, two of the best characterised RNA trafficking/localisation systems are those involved in transport of the mR ...
... by cytoplasmic transport in what typically appear to be 0.5-1 µm diameter granules that incorporate motor proteins. Despite the numerous studies of RNA localisation in Drosophila and Xenopus, two of the best characterised RNA trafficking/localisation systems are those involved in transport of the mR ...
Encoded Digital Periodic Table
... It is a rewarding work to translate the chemical language of chemical elements into a digital language because it may be very useful for developing new methods of research in chemistry. Digital image of the chemistry is an image in which biochemistry is converted to mathematics. Actually, we convert ...
... It is a rewarding work to translate the chemical language of chemical elements into a digital language because it may be very useful for developing new methods of research in chemistry. Digital image of the chemistry is an image in which biochemistry is converted to mathematics. Actually, we convert ...
Amino acids
... participate in hydrogen or ionic bonds. • These amino acids promote hydrophobic interactions. • In proteins found in aqueous solution, the side chains of the nonpolar amino acids tend to cluster together in the interior of the protein. • The nonpolar R-group fill up the interior of the folded protei ...
... participate in hydrogen or ionic bonds. • These amino acids promote hydrophobic interactions. • In proteins found in aqueous solution, the side chains of the nonpolar amino acids tend to cluster together in the interior of the protein. • The nonpolar R-group fill up the interior of the folded protei ...
i principi di base - Structural Biology
... The pK of the carboxylic group in the single-alanine is 2.3 and of the amminic group group is 9.6, for the dipeptide the pK of the carboxylic group is 3.1 and of the amminic group becomes 8.3, for the tripeptide 3.4 and 8.0 while for the tetrapeptide there is no change and the pK values are yet 3.4 ...
... The pK of the carboxylic group in the single-alanine is 2.3 and of the amminic group group is 9.6, for the dipeptide the pK of the carboxylic group is 3.1 and of the amminic group becomes 8.3, for the tripeptide 3.4 and 8.0 while for the tetrapeptide there is no change and the pK values are yet 3.4 ...
Review sheet – Chapter 3 Understand that organic compounds are
... Be able to recognize estrogen, cortisol, progesterone and cholesterol as steroids Understand that proteins are built up from 20 different amino acids Know that amino acids are molecules that have a carboxyl and amino group Be able to identify an example of a protein or a substance made up of protein ...
... Be able to recognize estrogen, cortisol, progesterone and cholesterol as steroids Understand that proteins are built up from 20 different amino acids Know that amino acids are molecules that have a carboxyl and amino group Be able to identify an example of a protein or a substance made up of protein ...
Structure and function of tomato disease resistance proteins van
... phenomenon called the hypersensitive response (HR). This is distinct from the resistance response mediated by PRR receptors, as these generally do not induce an HR response upon pathogen recognition (Jones and Dangl, 2006). In this review, we provide an overview of the R genes that have been cloned ...
... phenomenon called the hypersensitive response (HR). This is distinct from the resistance response mediated by PRR receptors, as these generally do not induce an HR response upon pathogen recognition (Jones and Dangl, 2006). In this review, we provide an overview of the R genes that have been cloned ...
Pvlea-18, a Member of a New Late-Embryogenesis
... The results in Figure 1c show that even 50 mg of GST was unable to block the detection of the 14-kD protein, indicating that the detected protein was not related to GST. Therefore, we can conclude that the antibodies specifically recognized the PvLEA-18 protein. As indicated above, the immunodetecte ...
... The results in Figure 1c show that even 50 mg of GST was unable to block the detection of the 14-kD protein, indicating that the detected protein was not related to GST. Therefore, we can conclude that the antibodies specifically recognized the PvLEA-18 protein. As indicated above, the immunodetecte ...
The Origin of Life on Earth by Leslie E. Orgel Growing evidence
... were thought to carry out all catalytic reactions in contemporary organisms. Indeed, the term "enzyme" is usually reserved for proteins. The first ribozymes identified could do little more than cut and join preexisting RNA. Nevertheless, the fact that they behaved like enzymes added weight to the no ...
... were thought to carry out all catalytic reactions in contemporary organisms. Indeed, the term "enzyme" is usually reserved for proteins. The first ribozymes identified could do little more than cut and join preexisting RNA. Nevertheless, the fact that they behaved like enzymes added weight to the no ...
Stabilization by GroEL, a Molecular Chaperone, and a Periplasmic
... only a few such proteins are known. Furthermore, the periplasm of Escherichia coli has been of great interest with respect to the functional expression of a wide variety of recombinant proteins from different sources. However, the periplasmic folding of proteins has not been studied in any great det ...
... only a few such proteins are known. Furthermore, the periplasm of Escherichia coli has been of great interest with respect to the functional expression of a wide variety of recombinant proteins from different sources. However, the periplasmic folding of proteins has not been studied in any great det ...
Optimizing bacterial expression and purifica- Biomedical laboratory science,
... Genetic recombination takes place in nature both in animals and plants, where both parents of an individual are the original sources of the DNA, which recombine during meiosis. This recombinant DNA differs only from the parental DNA in the combination of the alleles it contains, but the sequence of ...
... Genetic recombination takes place in nature both in animals and plants, where both parents of an individual are the original sources of the DNA, which recombine during meiosis. This recombinant DNA differs only from the parental DNA in the combination of the alleles it contains, but the sequence of ...
amino acids
... compared with many of the compounds we have studied, can be gigantic. The horns of animals are made of proteins. Learning Goal Classify proteins by their functions. Give the name and abbreviations for an amino acid, and draw its zwitterion. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of L ...
... compared with many of the compounds we have studied, can be gigantic. The horns of animals are made of proteins. Learning Goal Classify proteins by their functions. Give the name and abbreviations for an amino acid, and draw its zwitterion. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of L ...
Lecture 24
... maintenance of protein structure and functionality is difficult. The expressed proteins have a short shelf life, if not stored correctly, which makes protein storage difficult. One of the other challenges of using a prokaryotic system such as E. coli is that posttranslational modifications may not b ...
... maintenance of protein structure and functionality is difficult. The expressed proteins have a short shelf life, if not stored correctly, which makes protein storage difficult. One of the other challenges of using a prokaryotic system such as E. coli is that posttranslational modifications may not b ...
Amino acids
... participate in hydrogen or ionic bonds. • These amino acids promote hydrophobic interactions. • In proteins found in aqueous solution, the side chains of the nonpolar amino acids tend to cluster together in the interior of the protein. • The nonpolar R-group fill up the interior of the folded protei ...
... participate in hydrogen or ionic bonds. • These amino acids promote hydrophobic interactions. • In proteins found in aqueous solution, the side chains of the nonpolar amino acids tend to cluster together in the interior of the protein. • The nonpolar R-group fill up the interior of the folded protei ...
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
... normal 3-dimensional shape tend to be soluble in aqueous solution. However, proteins that have been denatured tend to clump together and come out of solution as a precipitate because they are no longer soluble when they are denatured and clumped together. In the denaturation test, strong acid is use ...
... normal 3-dimensional shape tend to be soluble in aqueous solution. However, proteins that have been denatured tend to clump together and come out of solution as a precipitate because they are no longer soluble when they are denatured and clumped together. In the denaturation test, strong acid is use ...
H2O - WCCUSD.net
... § Each pure substance has characteristic physical and chemical properties (for any bulk quantity under given conditions) that can be used to identify it. (MS-‐PS1-‐2) ...
... § Each pure substance has characteristic physical and chemical properties (for any bulk quantity under given conditions) that can be used to identify it. (MS-‐PS1-‐2) ...
The protein import apparatus of chloroplasts
... (precursor form of the small subunit of ribulose-1.5bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase. Rubisco) was without influence on the translocation efficiency. These data indicate that a tightly folded polypeptide which is "arrested" in its conformation can not be converted by the translocation machinery in ...
... (precursor form of the small subunit of ribulose-1.5bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase. Rubisco) was without influence on the translocation efficiency. These data indicate that a tightly folded polypeptide which is "arrested" in its conformation can not be converted by the translocation machinery in ...
Dynamic in vivo interactions among Myc network members
... each protein was expressed in the pEGFP ± N3 vector as a carboxy terminal fusion with GFP. Expression of these constructs in all three cell lines produced patterns identical to those obtained with the pEGFP ± C1-based amino terminal fusions depicted in Figure 1. In still other experiments, each prot ...
... each protein was expressed in the pEGFP ± N3 vector as a carboxy terminal fusion with GFP. Expression of these constructs in all three cell lines produced patterns identical to those obtained with the pEGFP ± C1-based amino terminal fusions depicted in Figure 1. In still other experiments, each prot ...
SISYPHUS—structural alignments for proteins with non
... relationships are projected on a hierarchical tree which evolves with the increasing amount of structural data. The basic unit of classification is the protein domain. In the classification scheme, protein domains are initially linked on different hierarchical levels corresponding to their homology. ...
... relationships are projected on a hierarchical tree which evolves with the increasing amount of structural data. The basic unit of classification is the protein domain. In the classification scheme, protein domains are initially linked on different hierarchical levels corresponding to their homology. ...
Document
... 2045 ongoing projects, 348 completed, mostly from microbes (228 with more than 1500 genes, more or less correctly annotated) 144,116,054,623 nucleotides at International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC) Microbes make 50% of the Earth protoplasm 40-50% coding DNA sequences (CDSs) do ...
... 2045 ongoing projects, 348 completed, mostly from microbes (228 with more than 1500 genes, more or less correctly annotated) 144,116,054,623 nucleotides at International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC) Microbes make 50% of the Earth protoplasm 40-50% coding DNA sequences (CDSs) do ...
Diseases of the Immune System lec.4
... tissue damage and functional compromise. These abnormal fibrils are produced by the aggregation of misfolded proteins or protein fragments. Pathogenesis of Amyloid Deposition All amyloid deposits are composed of nonbranching fibrils, each formed of β-sheet polypeptide chains that are wound together. ...
... tissue damage and functional compromise. These abnormal fibrils are produced by the aggregation of misfolded proteins or protein fragments. Pathogenesis of Amyloid Deposition All amyloid deposits are composed of nonbranching fibrils, each formed of β-sheet polypeptide chains that are wound together. ...
Targeted Identification of Glycoproteins in Disease
... creates the potential to selectively target a bacterial species based on cell-surface glycans, while leaving other cells unharmed.(4) Despite their potential as therapeutic targets, bacterial glycoproteins remain largely unexplored. This lack of exploration is because, until recently, it was believe ...
... creates the potential to selectively target a bacterial species based on cell-surface glycans, while leaving other cells unharmed.(4) Despite their potential as therapeutic targets, bacterial glycoproteins remain largely unexplored. This lack of exploration is because, until recently, it was believe ...
ARF1 and SAR1 GTPases in Endomembrane Trafficking in Plants
... have been shown to be involved in the formation of ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC)/vesicular tubular clusters and ER exit sites [38]. In retrograde transport, it was demonstrated that p25 may function as an anchor for the p24 proteins [39]. In Arabidopsis, up to 11 different p24 family mem ...
... have been shown to be involved in the formation of ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC)/vesicular tubular clusters and ER exit sites [38]. In retrograde transport, it was demonstrated that p25 may function as an anchor for the p24 proteins [39]. In Arabidopsis, up to 11 different p24 family mem ...
Cyclol
The cyclol hypothesis is the first structural model of a folded, globular protein. It was developed by Dorothy Wrinch in the late 1930s, and was based on three assumptions. Firstly, the hypothesis assumes that two peptide groups can be crosslinked by a cyclol reaction (Figure 1); these crosslinks are covalent analogs of non-covalent hydrogen bonds between peptide groups. These reactions have been observed in the ergopeptides and other compounds. Secondly, it assumes that, under some conditions, amino acids will naturally make the maximum possible number of cyclol crosslinks, resulting in cyclol molecules (Figure 2) and cyclol fabrics (Figure 3). These cyclol molecules and fabrics have never been observed. Finally, the hypothesis assumes that globular proteins have a tertiary structure corresponding to Platonic solids and semiregular polyhedra formed of cyclol fabrics with no free edges. Such ""closed cyclol"" molecules have not been observed either.Although later data demonstrated that this original model for the structure of globular proteins needed to be amended, several elements of the cyclol model were verified, such as the cyclol reaction itself and the hypothesis that hydrophobic interactions are chiefly responsible for protein folding. The cyclol hypothesis stimulated many scientists to research questions in protein structure and chemistry, and was a precursor of the more accurate models hypothesized for the DNA double helix and protein secondary structure. The proposal and testing of the cyclol model also provides an excellent illustration of empirical falsifiability acting as part of the scientific method.