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cytoplasm nucleus and the A specific subset of
... and U are confined to the nucleus (Piñol-Roma and Dreyfuss 1992, 1993; Michael et al. 1995a). Recently, a nuclear retention signal in hnRNP C1 was identified (Nakielny and Dreyfuss 1996). hnRNP A1 is exported out of the nucleus, probably bound to mRNA, remains associated with poly(A)+ RNA in the cy ...
... and U are confined to the nucleus (Piñol-Roma and Dreyfuss 1992, 1993; Michael et al. 1995a). Recently, a nuclear retention signal in hnRNP C1 was identified (Nakielny and Dreyfuss 1996). hnRNP A1 is exported out of the nucleus, probably bound to mRNA, remains associated with poly(A)+ RNA in the cy ...
Intracellular catalysis of disulfide bond formation by the human
... be involved in the oxidative folding of secreted proteins. The intracellular location of the human and rat QSOX1 has been investigated with antibodies that recognise both the soluble and membrane-associated forms. The results demonstrate that although ...
... be involved in the oxidative folding of secreted proteins. The intracellular location of the human and rat QSOX1 has been investigated with antibodies that recognise both the soluble and membrane-associated forms. The results demonstrate that although ...
Assessment of rational peptide design for kinase activity
... scores for CDK1 than for MAPK1 and, accordingly, are only phosphorylated by CDK1. Designed peptides without proline at position +1 showed no phosphorylation, whereas the same set with proline at position +1 performed better. The phosphorylated fractions were plotted against the corresponding Prediki ...
... scores for CDK1 than for MAPK1 and, accordingly, are only phosphorylated by CDK1. Designed peptides without proline at position +1 showed no phosphorylation, whereas the same set with proline at position +1 performed better. The phosphorylated fractions were plotted against the corresponding Prediki ...
Mitochondrial protein import: from transport pathways to an
... Figure 1. The two classical pathways for mitochondrial protein import. (a) The presequence pathway imports preproteins that carry positively charged presequences at the amino-terminus. The preproteins are recognized by the receptors Tom20 and Tom22 and are translocated across the outer mitochondrial ...
... Figure 1. The two classical pathways for mitochondrial protein import. (a) The presequence pathway imports preproteins that carry positively charged presequences at the amino-terminus. The preproteins are recognized by the receptors Tom20 and Tom22 and are translocated across the outer mitochondrial ...
Lecture 4-5 Slides
... Describe the genetic code and how it is related to the mechanisms of transcription and translation. Describe the coupling of tRNA and discuss the specificity of amino acid tRNA synthetases. Describe the general mechanism of translation including binding, initiation, elongation and termination. ...
... Describe the genetic code and how it is related to the mechanisms of transcription and translation. Describe the coupling of tRNA and discuss the specificity of amino acid tRNA synthetases. Describe the general mechanism of translation including binding, initiation, elongation and termination. ...
- CSHL Institutional Repository
... somes form 1:1 complexes whereas bacteri required for the biogenesis of only a subset of n proteins, is present at !1 molecule/100 ribos bly, trigger factor and SRP bind to the same r exit of the ribosomal tunnel (1, 2). The cur trigger factor and SRP can bind simultaneous some (1); however, it was ...
... somes form 1:1 complexes whereas bacteri required for the biogenesis of only a subset of n proteins, is present at !1 molecule/100 ribos bly, trigger factor and SRP bind to the same r exit of the ribosomal tunnel (1, 2). The cur trigger factor and SRP can bind simultaneous some (1); however, it was ...
Carbohydrates and Glycobiology
... seven carbons—their structure and stereoisomeric forms, and the means of representing their three-dimensional structures on paper. We then discuss several chemical reactions of the carbonyl groups of monosaccharides. One such reaction, the addition of a hydroxyl group from within the same molecule, ...
... seven carbons—their structure and stereoisomeric forms, and the means of representing their three-dimensional structures on paper. We then discuss several chemical reactions of the carbonyl groups of monosaccharides. One such reaction, the addition of a hydroxyl group from within the same molecule, ...
A Tertiary Plastid Uses Genes from Two Endosymbionts
... within the host endomembrane system, so plastidtargeting leaders consist of a signal peptide (SP) followed by a TP. The SP directs the proteins to the endomembrane system via the signal recognition particle, and from there the TP directs them to the plastid.6 One algal group that contains a secondar ...
... within the host endomembrane system, so plastidtargeting leaders consist of a signal peptide (SP) followed by a TP. The SP directs the proteins to the endomembrane system via the signal recognition particle, and from there the TP directs them to the plastid.6 One algal group that contains a secondar ...
The dark side of dioxygen biochemistry Joan Selverstone Valentine
... transport, store, and release dioxygen have evolved to aid in its rapid delivery. Dioxygen is also used as a source of oxygen atoms in a large variety of enzyme-catalyzed biosynthetic reactions of organic substrate molecules. The same oxidizing power of dioxygen that is the basis of respiration, how ...
... transport, store, and release dioxygen have evolved to aid in its rapid delivery. Dioxygen is also used as a source of oxygen atoms in a large variety of enzyme-catalyzed biosynthetic reactions of organic substrate molecules. The same oxidizing power of dioxygen that is the basis of respiration, how ...
Experiment 49
... structure and polarity in the commercial world. Cloth is made from fibers, with each fiber consisting of millions of long-chain molecules. Some natural fibers, such as silk and wool, are essentially protein molecules. Since proteins are made from amino acids, which have many polar and/or ionic sites ...
... structure and polarity in the commercial world. Cloth is made from fibers, with each fiber consisting of millions of long-chain molecules. Some natural fibers, such as silk and wool, are essentially protein molecules. Since proteins are made from amino acids, which have many polar and/or ionic sites ...
video slide - Wayne State University
... Organic Macromolecules and the Genetic Code • A cell is mostly water. – The rest of the cell consists mostly of carbonbased molecules. – Organic chemistry is the study of carbon ...
... Organic Macromolecules and the Genetic Code • A cell is mostly water. – The rest of the cell consists mostly of carbonbased molecules. – Organic chemistry is the study of carbon ...
Chapter 17: An Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, and
... into the millions. Fortunately, the task of studying them is not so daunting as their number would suggest, because organic compounds can be categorized according to structural similarities that lead to similarities in the compounds’ important properties. For example, you discovered in Section 3.3 t ...
... into the millions. Fortunately, the task of studying them is not so daunting as their number would suggest, because organic compounds can be categorized according to structural similarities that lead to similarities in the compounds’ important properties. For example, you discovered in Section 3.3 t ...
Peptide pheromones: an overview
... Needless to say that the most complex, interesting but as yet unidentified signaling molecules are those of mammals. All mammals emit chemical cues into the environment via urine, saliva or diverse secreted fluids. So far, only a few mammalian pheromones, especially of rodents, have been identified, ...
... Needless to say that the most complex, interesting but as yet unidentified signaling molecules are those of mammals. All mammals emit chemical cues into the environment via urine, saliva or diverse secreted fluids. So far, only a few mammalian pheromones, especially of rodents, have been identified, ...
Lipid–protein interactions probed by electron crystallography
... studies [17]. In general, overall B-factors were found to be lower in the electron crystallographic structures than those obtained by X-ray crystallography. Importantly, AQP0 residues that in 2D crystals interacted with lipids were found to interact with detergent molecules in 3D crystals used for ...
... studies [17]. In general, overall B-factors were found to be lower in the electron crystallographic structures than those obtained by X-ray crystallography. Importantly, AQP0 residues that in 2D crystals interacted with lipids were found to interact with detergent molecules in 3D crystals used for ...
〈1055〉 biotechnology- derived articles—peptide mapping
... cleavage agent are used to accomplish a reasonably rapid digestion time (i.e., 6 to 20 hours), the amount of cleavage agent is minimized to avoid its contribution to the chromatographic map pattern. A protein-to-protease ratio between 20 : 1 and 200 : 1 is generally used. It is recommended that the ...
... cleavage agent are used to accomplish a reasonably rapid digestion time (i.e., 6 to 20 hours), the amount of cleavage agent is minimized to avoid its contribution to the chromatographic map pattern. A protein-to-protease ratio between 20 : 1 and 200 : 1 is generally used. It is recommended that the ...
hotspots
... commonalities of interaction hotspots (as shown by Baker Lab) that could be identified by a general method • While alanine scans require high-resolution structure of protein complex, ISIS needs only sequence of a single chain regardless of its binding partner • Alanine scans produces numerical predi ...
... commonalities of interaction hotspots (as shown by Baker Lab) that could be identified by a general method • While alanine scans require high-resolution structure of protein complex, ISIS needs only sequence of a single chain regardless of its binding partner • Alanine scans produces numerical predi ...
Adaptation and Protein Quality Control Under Metalloid
... Several molecular chaperones act co-translationally on proteins to facilitate their folding into a native, functional state. Despite this, some proteins are prone to misfolding and may acquire a nonfunctional state with potentially detrimental consequences. Environmental stress such as metalloids, h ...
... Several molecular chaperones act co-translationally on proteins to facilitate their folding into a native, functional state. Despite this, some proteins are prone to misfolding and may acquire a nonfunctional state with potentially detrimental consequences. Environmental stress such as metalloids, h ...
7 Putting genetics into optogenetics: knocking out proteins with light
... [17, 18, 19, 20]. This is most likely due to the mechanism of degradation. The destabilizing domain becomes unfolded when the molecule is removed [18, 19, 21, 22], or even more usefully becomes unfolded when the small molecule is added [17]. The unfolded protein is then likely to be recognized by ch ...
... [17, 18, 19, 20]. This is most likely due to the mechanism of degradation. The destabilizing domain becomes unfolded when the molecule is removed [18, 19, 21, 22], or even more usefully becomes unfolded when the small molecule is added [17]. The unfolded protein is then likely to be recognized by ch ...
Journal of Medical Microbiology
... To determine the correspondence between the molecular mass data and the pI measurements, electrophoresed proteins were cut out of the SDS-polyacrylamide gel with a stained gel as reference, and the protein was eluted from the gel. The eluted proteins were then loaded on to an iso-electric focusing g ...
... To determine the correspondence between the molecular mass data and the pI measurements, electrophoresed proteins were cut out of the SDS-polyacrylamide gel with a stained gel as reference, and the protein was eluted from the gel. The eluted proteins were then loaded on to an iso-electric focusing g ...
Functional studies of the BTB domain in the Drosophila GAGA and
... vitro transcription of the Drosophila engrailed and Ultrabithorax promoters (27,28). Subsequent studies have shown that GAGA has a general and significant role in transcription regulation. Its single Cys2–His2 zinc finger can mediate high affinity specific binding to a consensus sequence containing ...
... vitro transcription of the Drosophila engrailed and Ultrabithorax promoters (27,28). Subsequent studies have shown that GAGA has a general and significant role in transcription regulation. Its single Cys2–His2 zinc finger can mediate high affinity specific binding to a consensus sequence containing ...
Structural Description of Viral Particles Based on Affine Extensions
... In the case of the medium particle (a), the local bonding environments are identical around all pentamers, while there are two different types of bonding environments for the large particle (b). The predictions for the large particle agree well with the experimental results in [15]. It would be inte ...
... In the case of the medium particle (a), the local bonding environments are identical around all pentamers, while there are two different types of bonding environments for the large particle (b). The predictions for the large particle agree well with the experimental results in [15]. It would be inte ...
mic.sgmjournals.org
... Methods for spot cutting and protein digestion with trypsin were reported previously (Pieper et al., 2008). Peptide digests were analysed using a MALDI-TOFTOF mass spectrometer (4700 Proteomics Analyser, Applied Biosystems) and a nano-electrospray LC-MS/MS system (LTQ ion trap mass spectrometer, The ...
... Methods for spot cutting and protein digestion with trypsin were reported previously (Pieper et al., 2008). Peptide digests were analysed using a MALDI-TOFTOF mass spectrometer (4700 Proteomics Analyser, Applied Biosystems) and a nano-electrospray LC-MS/MS system (LTQ ion trap mass spectrometer, The ...
Isolation of casein from milk
... • Is a phosphoprotein, which has phosphate groups attached to some of the amino acid side chains. Mostly these amino acid are serine and threonine. • casein is a mixture of at least three similar proteins, which differ primarily in molecular weight and amount of phosphorus they contain (number of ph ...
... • Is a phosphoprotein, which has phosphate groups attached to some of the amino acid side chains. Mostly these amino acid are serine and threonine. • casein is a mixture of at least three similar proteins, which differ primarily in molecular weight and amount of phosphorus they contain (number of ph ...
Cyclol
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cyclol_reaction.png?width=300)
The cyclol hypothesis is the first structural model of a folded, globular protein. It was developed by Dorothy Wrinch in the late 1930s, and was based on three assumptions. Firstly, the hypothesis assumes that two peptide groups can be crosslinked by a cyclol reaction (Figure 1); these crosslinks are covalent analogs of non-covalent hydrogen bonds between peptide groups. These reactions have been observed in the ergopeptides and other compounds. Secondly, it assumes that, under some conditions, amino acids will naturally make the maximum possible number of cyclol crosslinks, resulting in cyclol molecules (Figure 2) and cyclol fabrics (Figure 3). These cyclol molecules and fabrics have never been observed. Finally, the hypothesis assumes that globular proteins have a tertiary structure corresponding to Platonic solids and semiregular polyhedra formed of cyclol fabrics with no free edges. Such ""closed cyclol"" molecules have not been observed either.Although later data demonstrated that this original model for the structure of globular proteins needed to be amended, several elements of the cyclol model were verified, such as the cyclol reaction itself and the hypothesis that hydrophobic interactions are chiefly responsible for protein folding. The cyclol hypothesis stimulated many scientists to research questions in protein structure and chemistry, and was a precursor of the more accurate models hypothesized for the DNA double helix and protein secondary structure. The proposal and testing of the cyclol model also provides an excellent illustration of empirical falsifiability acting as part of the scientific method.