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Lecture 2: Glycogen metabolism (Chapter 15)
Lecture 2: Glycogen metabolism (Chapter 15)

... groups of glucose residues. Each transferred segment must come from a chain of at least 11 residues, and the attachment point must be at least 4 residues away from another branch point. Segment can be moved to the same or a different chain. ...
CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS : A TOOL FOR PROTEIN
CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS : A TOOL FOR PROTEIN

... structure. In this regard, the chemical synthesis of proteins appears a key tool, as it allows the unlimited modification of a polypeptide chain with any kind and number of labels. The last decade has seen the introduction of several techniques of chemical protein synthesis that allow the manipulati ...
Random Mutagenesis of Luciola mingrelica Firefly Luciferase
Random Mutagenesis of Luciola mingrelica Firefly Luciferase

... color of bioluminescence. Dishes obtained during the primary screening as described above were incubated overnight at 37°C and then for 6-8 h at room temperature. In vivo luminescence of colonies was registered according to the protocol from [20]: dishes were filled with solution of 1 mM luciferin i ...
Protein Similarity Score - Santa Clara Law Digital Commons
Protein Similarity Score - Santa Clara Law Digital Commons

Read more about this
Read more about this

... Synthesis of urea leads to removal of ammonia. (Ammonia is very toxic and if not rapidly and efficiently removed from circulation, it will have adverse impact on the central nervous system.) ...
Characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum and P. berghei
Characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum and P. berghei

... experimental evidence to support or distinguish these hypotheses. As in other organisms, malaria parasites are predicted to synthesize phospholipids and the lipid moieties of GPI anchors from a precursor known as phosphatidic acid (Déchamps et al., 2010). Phosphatidic acid is produced via a two-step ...
Biosignature storage in sulfate minerals
Biosignature storage in sulfate minerals

Molecular Plant-Microbio Interactions
Molecular Plant-Microbio Interactions

... Cells were grown in modified Vogel Bonner medium (MVB1) in the presence or absence of 0.05% casamino acids with various carbon sources, such that equal concentrations of carbon atoms were present. Optical density was measured at stationary phase and PCN concentrations of the supernatant fluids were ...
ARIUS MACULATUS EAST COAST OF INDIA
ARIUS MACULATUS EAST COAST OF INDIA

... Stargazers and some species of Shark, Ratfish, Catfish, Surgeonfish and Blenny are known or suspected to be venomous [1]. The production of toxins by aquatic animals is an important strategy that guarantees its survival in a highly competitive ecosystem. In this way, these animals defend themselves ...
Electron transport chain…
Electron transport chain…

... – resulting organic acids converted to pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, or TCA cycle intermediate • can be oxidized via TCA cycle • can be used for biosynthesis ...
biochemical investigation into initiation of fatty acid synthesis in the
biochemical investigation into initiation of fatty acid synthesis in the

... parasite T. brucei. In my dissertation, I addressed various aspects of the regulation of TbACC, which catalyzes the first committed step in FA synthesis. In the second chapter, I hypothesized that TbACC is regulated in response to environmental lipids. I examined changes in TbACC RNA, protein abunda ...
Room-temperature-curable resin composition
Room-temperature-curable resin composition

... The vinyl polymer (B) having both of the above containing group in the compound (a-4) is about 0.5 to 20 reactive groups may be prepared by applying any known methods. Examples of simple methods include 3 equivalents per equivalent of the acid anhydride (i) the radical solution copolymerization of v ...
Dr: Mohamed I Kotb El
Dr: Mohamed I Kotb El

...  Creatinine is formed from creatine and creatine phosphate in muscle and is excreted into the plasma at a constant rate related to muscle mass.  Plasma creatinine is inversely related to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and, although an imperfect measure, it is commonly used to assess glomeular fi ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

... into several energy-releasing steps (Figure 9.5b). An electron transport chain consists of a number of molecules, mostly proteins, built into the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membrane of aerobically respiring prokaryotes. Electrons removed from glucose are sh ...
The Application of Hydrolytic Enzymes for Biotransformations of
The Application of Hydrolytic Enzymes for Biotransformations of

... antioxidant activity. Other potential pharmaceutical applications of flavonoids can be related to their enzyme inhibition, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties. Lipases have been used effectively in the production of flavonoid ester derivatives that have shown ...
video slide
video slide

... no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
Tobacco Smoke
Tobacco Smoke

... All variants result from point Mutations within the X-linked structural gene ...
Crystal structure of ATP sulfurylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Crystal structure of ATP sulfurylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

O 2 - SchoolRack
O 2 - SchoolRack

...  What are the products of glycolysis?  Where are the products of glycolysis ...
Salai guggal, the oleogum resin of the Boswellia serrata has been
Salai guggal, the oleogum resin of the Boswellia serrata has been

... the energy factories of the cell. Furthermore, sulfur participates in the vitamin B Thiamine (B1) en Biotin. These vitamins are essential for converting carbohydrates into energy, by burning glucose. Insulin is a hormone excreted by the pancreas which mainly functions to regulate the blood sugar lev ...
dbPSP: a curated database for protein phosphorylation sites in
dbPSP: a curated database for protein phosphorylation sites in

... involved in almost all of biological processes through temporally and spatially modifying substrate proteins. Recently, phosphorylation in prokaryotes attracted much attention for its critical roles in various cellular processes such as signal transduction. Thus, an integrative data resource of the ...
Attachment 2 - Food Standards Australia New Zealand
Attachment 2 - Food Standards Australia New Zealand

... via the shikimate metabolic pathway. This metabolic pathway is present in all plants, bacteria and fungi (Haslam, 1993). Plant variants of the EPSPS enzyme are inhibited by the herbicide glyphosate, however, bacterial variants of the EPSPS enzyme are, in general, not inhibited due to reduced binding ...
PORPHYRINS
PORPHYRINS

... (catalase and peroxidase) Nitric Oxide Synthesis Regulation of cellular processes Effector of apoptosis ...
N-terminal portion acts as an initiator of the inactivation of pepsin at
N-terminal portion acts as an initiator of the inactivation of pepsin at

... 0.099/min (open circles in Figure 1A). At this rate, virtually all activity ceased within 1 h. At pH 7.5, pepsin was rapidly inactivated and lost activity in 5 min (open circles in Figure 2B). Lin et al. suggested that inactivation was caused by irreversible denaturation which was triggered by the d ...
Hydrolysis of a Series of Synthetic Peptide Substrates by the Human
Hydrolysis of a Series of Synthetic Peptide Substrates by the Human

... poliovirus 2A protein which occurs while the polypeptide is still nascent on the ribosome. The peptide bond hydrolysed in this initial processing step is between a tyrosine and a glycine residue which connect the P1 and P2 regions (Nicklin et al., 1987; Toyoda et al., 1986a, b) (Fig. 1) whereas most ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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