Cholesterol Homeostasis - Sigma
... Cholesterol Biosynthesis Cholesterol levels in the body come from two sources, dietary intake and biosynthesis. The majority of cholesterol utilized by healthy adults is synthesized in the liver, which produces ~70% of the total daily cholesterol requirement (~1 gram). The other 30% comes from dieta ...
... Cholesterol Biosynthesis Cholesterol levels in the body come from two sources, dietary intake and biosynthesis. The majority of cholesterol utilized by healthy adults is synthesized in the liver, which produces ~70% of the total daily cholesterol requirement (~1 gram). The other 30% comes from dieta ...
Document
... The role of proinsulin seems to be con- extrusion by exocytosis (Rubenstein et al., fined mainly to the biosynthetic process 1969). The C-peptide contains all the since most of it is converted to insulin be- additional amino acids of proinsulin aside fore secretion occurs. However, small from the pa ...
... The role of proinsulin seems to be con- extrusion by exocytosis (Rubenstein et al., fined mainly to the biosynthetic process 1969). The C-peptide contains all the since most of it is converted to insulin be- additional amino acids of proinsulin aside fore secretion occurs. However, small from the pa ...
Peptide Transport in Helicobacter pylori: Roles of Dpp
... sterilization, ferrous sulfate was added to a final concentration of 2 g/ml from a 1,000⫻ stock solution (38), and a trace metal solution (ZnSO4 䡠 7H2O, 100 mg/liter; H3BO3, 300 mg/liter; CoCl2 䡠 6H2O, 200 mg/liter; CuCl2 䡠 2H2O, 10 mg/liter; NiCl2 䡠 2H2O, 20 mg/liter; Na2MoO4 䡠 H2O, 30 mg/liter) ( ...
... sterilization, ferrous sulfate was added to a final concentration of 2 g/ml from a 1,000⫻ stock solution (38), and a trace metal solution (ZnSO4 䡠 7H2O, 100 mg/liter; H3BO3, 300 mg/liter; CoCl2 䡠 6H2O, 200 mg/liter; CuCl2 䡠 2H2O, 10 mg/liter; NiCl2 䡠 2H2O, 20 mg/liter; Na2MoO4 䡠 H2O, 30 mg/liter) ( ...
Metabolism of acyl‐lipids in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
... microalgae has been deduced from well characterized pathways of fungi and land plants, but recent advances in molecular and genetic analyses of microalgae have uncovered unique features, pointing out the necessity to study lipid metabolism in microalgae themselves. In the past 10 years, in addition ...
... microalgae has been deduced from well characterized pathways of fungi and land plants, but recent advances in molecular and genetic analyses of microalgae have uncovered unique features, pointing out the necessity to study lipid metabolism in microalgae themselves. In the past 10 years, in addition ...
A Substrate Serves as a Hydrogen Atom Donor in the Enzyme
... enzyme-initiated catalysis. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the maize lipoxygenase-1 is structurally more similar to soybean LOX1 than pea LOXN2 in that it has an additional external loop (residues 318-351) in the carboxy-terminal catalytic domain. We analyzed the dependence of product distrib ...
... enzyme-initiated catalysis. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the maize lipoxygenase-1 is structurally more similar to soybean LOX1 than pea LOXN2 in that it has an additional external loop (residues 318-351) in the carboxy-terminal catalytic domain. We analyzed the dependence of product distrib ...
Shelef, Katie: A Critical Analysis of Degenerate Primer Design Programs
... said to be “conserved” if the amino acids occupying that position in all the sequences are either identical or “similar.” Amino acid “similarity” is based upon the closeness of the codon usage of the amino acids, not the similarity of the physiochemical properties of the compounds themselves. For in ...
... said to be “conserved” if the amino acids occupying that position in all the sequences are either identical or “similar.” Amino acid “similarity” is based upon the closeness of the codon usage of the amino acids, not the similarity of the physiochemical properties of the compounds themselves. For in ...
Formatted - RESPIRATION
... Although the importance of oxygen to life is known from the time immemorial, the term respiration came into existence somewhere in 15th century. Crooke (1615) emphasized that life is not possible without air. Only animals were expected to respire. Malpighi (1679) observed that seeds failed to germin ...
... Although the importance of oxygen to life is known from the time immemorial, the term respiration came into existence somewhere in 15th century. Crooke (1615) emphasized that life is not possible without air. Only animals were expected to respire. Malpighi (1679) observed that seeds failed to germin ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... into several energy-releasing steps (Figure 9.5b). An electron transport chain consists of a number of molecules, mostly proteins, built into the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membrane of aerobically respiring prokaryotes. Electrons removed from glucose are sh ...
... into several energy-releasing steps (Figure 9.5b). An electron transport chain consists of a number of molecules, mostly proteins, built into the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membrane of aerobically respiring prokaryotes. Electrons removed from glucose are sh ...
Synthesis of novel dendrimers having aspartate grafts and their
... Methotrexate is one of the prototype folate antagonist cytotoxic drugs used in non-malignancy and non-malignant diseases. The molecule is made up of a heterocyclic portion (a 2,4-diaminosubstituted pterine ring) linked to an aminobenzoyl portion, which is, in turn, an amide bonded to a glutamic acid ...
... Methotrexate is one of the prototype folate antagonist cytotoxic drugs used in non-malignancy and non-malignant diseases. The molecule is made up of a heterocyclic portion (a 2,4-diaminosubstituted pterine ring) linked to an aminobenzoyl portion, which is, in turn, an amide bonded to a glutamic acid ...
Identification and expression of GH
... products (1.4 kb) were cloned into pACE after double digestion of both vector and insert with NdeI and PstI. The resulting plasmid library was transformed into E. coli JM109 and E. coli Top10-competent cells by electroporation. The transformants were plated on LB medium containing 0.3% (w/v) soluble ...
... products (1.4 kb) were cloned into pACE after double digestion of both vector and insert with NdeI and PstI. The resulting plasmid library was transformed into E. coli JM109 and E. coli Top10-competent cells by electroporation. The transformants were plated on LB medium containing 0.3% (w/v) soluble ...
Evidence for Several Cysteine Transport Mechanisms in the
... Various unlabeled amino acids, cyanide or sulfur-containing compounds were tested to determine if they could competitively reduce the initial uptake rate of [35S]cysteine into isolated mitoplasts (Fig. 3). In the presence of excess cysteine (5 mM), the rate of uptake of 60 and 200 mM radiolabeled cy ...
... Various unlabeled amino acids, cyanide or sulfur-containing compounds were tested to determine if they could competitively reduce the initial uptake rate of [35S]cysteine into isolated mitoplasts (Fig. 3). In the presence of excess cysteine (5 mM), the rate of uptake of 60 and 200 mM radiolabeled cy ...
csf analysis in metabolic disorders: indications for lumbar puncture
... and lactate, with CSF: plasma glucose ratio < 0.40 Non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia: Neonatal onset: hypotonia, seizures, apnoeic attacks, lethargy, hiccoughs. Late-onset: nonspecific neurological symptoms. Burst-suppression EEG. Elevated CSF glycine, with CSF: plasma ratio > 0.05 (lower in late-onset). ...
... and lactate, with CSF: plasma glucose ratio < 0.40 Non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia: Neonatal onset: hypotonia, seizures, apnoeic attacks, lethargy, hiccoughs. Late-onset: nonspecific neurological symptoms. Burst-suppression EEG. Elevated CSF glycine, with CSF: plasma ratio > 0.05 (lower in late-onset). ...
Processing of the Presequence of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe
... sufficient by itself for sequential two-step processing. To test whether S. pombe mitochondria contain any MPP and MIP activity, we imported S. cerevisiae iron-sulfur protein, which is normally processed by MPP and MIP in S. cerevisiae mitochondria, into S. pombe mitochondria (Fig. 3C). At first gla ...
... sufficient by itself for sequential two-step processing. To test whether S. pombe mitochondria contain any MPP and MIP activity, we imported S. cerevisiae iron-sulfur protein, which is normally processed by MPP and MIP in S. cerevisiae mitochondria, into S. pombe mitochondria (Fig. 3C). At first gla ...
Drosophila Sirt2/mammalian SIRT3 deacetylates ATP synthase and
... coupled with transmembrane proton translocation in mitochondria (Boyer, 1997). The enzyme has two moieties—the watersoluble F1 portion, which contains the catalytic sites for ATP generation and hydrolysis, and the membrane-integrated F0 portion, which mediates proton translocation (Abrahams et al., ...
... coupled with transmembrane proton translocation in mitochondria (Boyer, 1997). The enzyme has two moieties—the watersoluble F1 portion, which contains the catalytic sites for ATP generation and hydrolysis, and the membrane-integrated F0 portion, which mediates proton translocation (Abrahams et al., ...
PPTX - Bonham Chemistry
... • The enzyme beta glucanase is active during this rest. This enzyme breaks down beta glucans. Under modified malts and some adjuncts with high levels of beta glucans can lead to stuck mashes. ...
... • The enzyme beta glucanase is active during this rest. This enzyme breaks down beta glucans. Under modified malts and some adjuncts with high levels of beta glucans can lead to stuck mashes. ...
the effect of ozone on photosynthesis and respiration of
... 1952 [19])are inhibited by fluoride in vitro. The enolase system isalso inhibited in vivo by fluoride, e.g. in Chlorellapyrenoidosa (SARGENT and TAYLOR, 1972 [20]). However, in plants treated with HF, also enhancement of enzyme activities isfound, associated with changes in the pool sizes of metabol ...
... 1952 [19])are inhibited by fluoride in vitro. The enolase system isalso inhibited in vivo by fluoride, e.g. in Chlorellapyrenoidosa (SARGENT and TAYLOR, 1972 [20]). However, in plants treated with HF, also enhancement of enzyme activities isfound, associated with changes in the pool sizes of metabol ...
Glycogen Metabolism
... The released Ca++ also activates Phosphorylase Kinase, which in muscle includes calmodulin as its d subunit. Phosphorylase Kinase is partly activated by binding of Ca++ to this subunit. ...
... The released Ca++ also activates Phosphorylase Kinase, which in muscle includes calmodulin as its d subunit. Phosphorylase Kinase is partly activated by binding of Ca++ to this subunit. ...
Neonatal Glucose Homeostasis
... maternal supply and placental transfer of glucose, amino acids, free fatty acids, ketones, and glycerol for energy needs. Normal lower limit of fetal glucose concentration remains around 3 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) over most of gestation, particularly after 20 weeks Enzymes for gluconeogenesis are present b ...
... maternal supply and placental transfer of glucose, amino acids, free fatty acids, ketones, and glycerol for energy needs. Normal lower limit of fetal glucose concentration remains around 3 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) over most of gestation, particularly after 20 weeks Enzymes for gluconeogenesis are present b ...
Fatty Acids :biosynthesis
... additional enzymes. Products are as for palmitate. • An odd number of saturated carbons does not require any additional enzymes. Same products plus one propionyl CoA. • Unsaturated fatty acids require additional enzymes. Same products, but less energy, compared to O saturated fatty acid the same len ...
... additional enzymes. Products are as for palmitate. • An odd number of saturated carbons does not require any additional enzymes. Same products plus one propionyl CoA. • Unsaturated fatty acids require additional enzymes. Same products, but less energy, compared to O saturated fatty acid the same len ...
Alkaloids
... acids (Acid-Base titration). They include: Aqueous titration: This is carried by either: 1- Direct titration of the alcoholic solution of the alkaloidal residue with standard acid, or 2- Back titration by dissolving the residue in a known amount of standard acid and back titration of residual acid a ...
... acids (Acid-Base titration). They include: Aqueous titration: This is carried by either: 1- Direct titration of the alcoholic solution of the alkaloidal residue with standard acid, or 2- Back titration by dissolving the residue in a known amount of standard acid and back titration of residual acid a ...
Glycogen Metabolism
... The released Ca++ also activates Phosphorylase Kinase, which in muscle includes calmodulin as its d subunit. Phosphorylase Kinase is partly activated by binding of Ca++ to this subunit. ...
... The released Ca++ also activates Phosphorylase Kinase, which in muscle includes calmodulin as its d subunit. Phosphorylase Kinase is partly activated by binding of Ca++ to this subunit. ...
The Biosynthesis of N-Phosphorylcreatine: an Investigation of the
... under conditions similar to those described by these authors. Further fractionation, however, caused a loss of activity and, since this could be recovered in greater than additive amounts by recombination of fractions, it seemed that more than one enzyme was involved. Furthermore, it has been found ...
... under conditions similar to those described by these authors. Further fractionation, however, caused a loss of activity and, since this could be recovered in greater than additive amounts by recombination of fractions, it seemed that more than one enzyme was involved. Furthermore, it has been found ...
Indexing Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Flux in Intact Hearts by Carbon
... necessarily equal, to total TCA cycle flux. This approach to TCA cycle flux calculation is based on the time difference between the appearance of tracer in various positions of the same TCA cycle-derived metabolite and is, therefore, independent of substrate-tracer input considerations. For instance ...
... necessarily equal, to total TCA cycle flux. This approach to TCA cycle flux calculation is based on the time difference between the appearance of tracer in various positions of the same TCA cycle-derived metabolite and is, therefore, independent of substrate-tracer input considerations. For instance ...
Lecture 2: Glycogen metabolism (Chapter 15)
... groups of glucose residues. Each transferred segment must come from a chain of at least 11 residues, and the attachment point must be at least 4 residues away from another branch point. Segment can be moved to the same or a different chain. ...
... groups of glucose residues. Each transferred segment must come from a chain of at least 11 residues, and the attachment point must be at least 4 residues away from another branch point. Segment can be moved to the same or a different chain. ...
L02_2002
... groups of glucose residues. Each transferred segment must come from a chain of at least 11 residues, and the attachment point must be at least 4 residues away from another branch point. Segment can be moved to the same or a different chain. ...
... groups of glucose residues. Each transferred segment must come from a chain of at least 11 residues, and the attachment point must be at least 4 residues away from another branch point. Segment can be moved to the same or a different chain. ...