Review Reward, Motivation, and Reinforcement Learning
... However, the major reinforcement learning-based theoretical models of classical conditioning (crudely, prediction learning) are actually based on rules designed to explain instrumental conditioning (action learning). Extensive anatomical, pharmacological, and psychological data, particularly concern ...
... However, the major reinforcement learning-based theoretical models of classical conditioning (crudely, prediction learning) are actually based on rules designed to explain instrumental conditioning (action learning). Extensive anatomical, pharmacological, and psychological data, particularly concern ...
Central Control of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems and
... breathing in amphibians, reptiles, and diving birds. Concluding comments suggest areas for further productive research. ...
... breathing in amphibians, reptiles, and diving birds. Concluding comments suggest areas for further productive research. ...
Topographic Organization of Corticospinal Projections from the
... tion sites” as including only these zones. ’ At least every fourth cortical section through the frontal lobe was plotted to determine the distribution of corticospinal neurons. In all animals, some glial labeling was seen surrounding intensely labeled FB neurons (Fig. lc). However, we had no difficu ...
... tion sites” as including only these zones. ’ At least every fourth cortical section through the frontal lobe was plotted to determine the distribution of corticospinal neurons. In all animals, some glial labeling was seen surrounding intensely labeled FB neurons (Fig. lc). However, we had no difficu ...
Annual Pavlovian Society Meeting ~ Sept 1820, 2014 Hilton Seattle
... Aspects of inhibition that depend on time ~ Inhibition develops when a cue signals a decrease in the likelihood of an unconditioned stimulus (US). In error prediction models inhibition develops because a cue signals the omission of an expected reward. In contingency models inhibition develops when t ...
... Aspects of inhibition that depend on time ~ Inhibition develops when a cue signals a decrease in the likelihood of an unconditioned stimulus (US). In error prediction models inhibition develops because a cue signals the omission of an expected reward. In contingency models inhibition develops when t ...
Clinical Relevance of Drug Releases Testing
... • “Dissolution methodology exists. It is an exercise in futility. It is a necessity. It is all things to some; very little to others. Why then do we determine the dissolution characteristics of tablets and capsules …? ...
... • “Dissolution methodology exists. It is an exercise in futility. It is a necessity. It is all things to some; very little to others. Why then do we determine the dissolution characteristics of tablets and capsules …? ...
Do superior colliculus projection zones in the inferior pulvinar
... nuclei of the inferior pulvinar (PIm and PIp) are retained, resulting in four quite distinguishable structures (Stepniewska & Kaas, 1997). Gutierrez et al. (1995) had previously used similar histochemical procedures to divide the PIc into three subdivisions, a ‘PIc’ corresponding to our PICM, a ‘PIL ...
... nuclei of the inferior pulvinar (PIm and PIp) are retained, resulting in four quite distinguishable structures (Stepniewska & Kaas, 1997). Gutierrez et al. (1995) had previously used similar histochemical procedures to divide the PIc into three subdivisions, a ‘PIc’ corresponding to our PICM, a ‘PIL ...
030106b - Veterinaria.org
... http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/recvet/n010106/030106b.pdf Revista Electrónica de Clínica Veterinaria RECVET® está editada por Veterinaria Organización®. Se autoriza la difusión y reenvío siempre que enlace con Veterinaria.org® http://www.veterinaria.org y con RECVET®http://www.veterinaria.org/r ...
... http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/recvet/n010106/030106b.pdf Revista Electrónica de Clínica Veterinaria RECVET® está editada por Veterinaria Organización®. Se autoriza la difusión y reenvío siempre que enlace con Veterinaria.org® http://www.veterinaria.org y con RECVET®http://www.veterinaria.org/r ...
... amygdala, delineated with the striatal-related markers dopamine, adenosine 3 0 :5 0 -monophosphate regulated phosphoprotein of Mr 32 kDa, and the related phosphoprotein Inhibitor-1. These basal forebrain systems project to autonomic nuclei in the hypothalamus and brainstem. We interpret these result ...
Full Prescribing Information including BOXED WARNING
... Two randomized, controlled studies for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis have been conducted (total n=344). In one trial, clinical response to either 7 or 14 days of itraconazole oral solution, 200 mg/day, was similar to fluconazole tablets and averaged 84% across all arms. Clinical respons ...
... Two randomized, controlled studies for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis have been conducted (total n=344). In one trial, clinical response to either 7 or 14 days of itraconazole oral solution, 200 mg/day, was similar to fluconazole tablets and averaged 84% across all arms. Clinical respons ...
Cytisine, the world`s oldest smoking cessation aid
... two hours (six in total per day) for one to three days, tapered gradually, with a scheduled quit date at day 5, and ending with one to two tablets daily by days 21-25. Optimal doses and duration of treatment, however, are as yet undetermined because no human pharmacokinetic data have been published. ...
... two hours (six in total per day) for one to three days, tapered gradually, with a scheduled quit date at day 5, and ending with one to two tablets daily by days 21-25. Optimal doses and duration of treatment, however, are as yet undetermined because no human pharmacokinetic data have been published. ...
Chapter-1 Introduction
... intravenous reference dose (absolute bioavailability study). The permeability class of a drug may also be determined using in-vivo intestinal perfusion approaches (human or appropriate animal models) or in-vitro permeation studies (excised human or animal intestinal tissues or monolayers of cultured ...
... intravenous reference dose (absolute bioavailability study). The permeability class of a drug may also be determined using in-vivo intestinal perfusion approaches (human or appropriate animal models) or in-vitro permeation studies (excised human or animal intestinal tissues or monolayers of cultured ...
Motor areas of the frontal lobe by Jarrod Blinch
... nervous system. Topics investigated in my field include human information processing, attention, coordination, sensory and central contributions to motor control, etc. Studies in these areas involve treating the brain like a black box. I can study the stages of information processing without answeri ...
... nervous system. Topics investigated in my field include human information processing, attention, coordination, sensory and central contributions to motor control, etc. Studies in these areas involve treating the brain like a black box. I can study the stages of information processing without answeri ...
The basal ganglia: from motor commands to the
... While it has been clear in primates for some time that most modulation of activity in the basal ganglia circuit occurs during movement execution [31], this has been less clear in rodents. For example, rats trained to run a T-maze will generally show ‘task-bracketing’ activity that emerges with sus ...
... While it has been clear in primates for some time that most modulation of activity in the basal ganglia circuit occurs during movement execution [31], this has been less clear in rodents. For example, rats trained to run a T-maze will generally show ‘task-bracketing’ activity that emerges with sus ...
Spatial and Temporal Structure of Receptive Fields in Primate
... the alert monkey. We previously studied the spatial structure of .350 fingerpad receptive fields (RFs) with random-dot patterns scanned in one direction (DiCarlo et al., 1998) and at varying velocities (DiCarlo and Johnson, 1999). Those studies showed that area 3b RFs have a wide range of spatial st ...
... the alert monkey. We previously studied the spatial structure of .350 fingerpad receptive fields (RFs) with random-dot patterns scanned in one direction (DiCarlo et al., 1998) and at varying velocities (DiCarlo and Johnson, 1999). Those studies showed that area 3b RFs have a wide range of spatial st ...
Biodegradable Janus Nanoparticles for Local Pulmonary Delivery of
... amount of liquid needed for reliable aerosolization. Then, under slight positive pressure, the entire aerosol flow of 4−5 L/min entered a mixing box of the 5-port exposure chamber (CH Technologies, Westwood, NJ) and was distributed to each animal containment tube via round pipes (four out of five cham ...
... amount of liquid needed for reliable aerosolization. Then, under slight positive pressure, the entire aerosol flow of 4−5 L/min entered a mixing box of the 5-port exposure chamber (CH Technologies, Westwood, NJ) and was distributed to each animal containment tube via round pipes (four out of five cham ...
Condition interference in rats performing a choice task with switched
... Our task had variable- and fixed-reward conditions; one of the conditions was randomly assigned for each trial with proportion of 70% and 30%, respectively (Figure 1). Only in fixed-rewardcondition trials, a light stimulus was presented to inform rats of the trial condition. In each trial, rats firs ...
... Our task had variable- and fixed-reward conditions; one of the conditions was randomly assigned for each trial with proportion of 70% and 30%, respectively (Figure 1). Only in fixed-rewardcondition trials, a light stimulus was presented to inform rats of the trial condition. In each trial, rats firs ...
Brain glycine receptors as a common target for alcohol and
... the mechanisms of action underlying development of alcohol dependence? For years scientists have been trying to resolve this issue in an attempt to find a treatment. But the road to a disclosure has been obstructed by the multiple mechanisms of the small alcohol molecule in the human body and brain, ...
... the mechanisms of action underlying development of alcohol dependence? For years scientists have been trying to resolve this issue in an attempt to find a treatment. But the road to a disclosure has been obstructed by the multiple mechanisms of the small alcohol molecule in the human body and brain, ...
HydroxyureaTherapy in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
... adhesion molecules that contribute todiminution of veno-occlusive crises and other complications, (3) reduction in the rate of transfusion requirements, (4) reduction in the number of visits to the emergency room and in the frequency of hospital admissions, (5) reduction in the rate of infectious co ...
... adhesion molecules that contribute todiminution of veno-occlusive crises and other complications, (3) reduction in the rate of transfusion requirements, (4) reduction in the number of visits to the emergency room and in the frequency of hospital admissions, (5) reduction in the rate of infectious co ...
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... Use With MAO Inhibitors and Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors Use ULTRAM® with great caution in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Animal studies have shown increased deaths with combined administration. Concomitant use of ULTRAM® with MAO inhibitors or SSRI’s increases the risk of adverse e ...
... Use With MAO Inhibitors and Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors Use ULTRAM® with great caution in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Animal studies have shown increased deaths with combined administration. Concomitant use of ULTRAM® with MAO inhibitors or SSRI’s increases the risk of adverse e ...
Time course of post-traumatic mitochondrial oxidative damage and
... and apoptotic processes in mammalian cells. Disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (Dcm) is considered to be an indicator of mitochondria damage and generally is defined as an early stage of apoptosis, preceding the efflux of macromolecules from the mitochondria (including cytochrome c, apop ...
... and apoptotic processes in mammalian cells. Disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (Dcm) is considered to be an indicator of mitochondria damage and generally is defined as an early stage of apoptosis, preceding the efflux of macromolecules from the mitochondria (including cytochrome c, apop ...
Shamanism in Cross-Cultural Perspective
... with health. The shaman’s rituals played an essential role in the psychic defense of the community, defending “life, health, fertility, the world of light, against death, diseases, sterility, disaster, and the world of darkness” (Eliade, 1951/1964, p. 509). The theories of illness typically focused ...
... with health. The shaman’s rituals played an essential role in the psychic defense of the community, defending “life, health, fertility, the world of light, against death, diseases, sterility, disaster, and the world of darkness” (Eliade, 1951/1964, p. 509). The theories of illness typically focused ...
REVIEWS - Lindquist Lab
... key components of general chromatin-remodelling complexes, providing further evidence linking HSP90 to the epigenetic regulation of gene function17. As a consequence of its far-reaching effects on signal transduction and gene expression, it now seems that HSP90 has an important but previously unreco ...
... key components of general chromatin-remodelling complexes, providing further evidence linking HSP90 to the epigenetic regulation of gene function17. As a consequence of its far-reaching effects on signal transduction and gene expression, it now seems that HSP90 has an important but previously unreco ...
Position Selectivity in Scene- and Object-Responsive
... scenes, such as large extended surfaces defined by walls, hillsides, and other topographical features, which can be identified only by integrating visual information over large portions of the visual field. In the absence of identified functionally homologous structures in the macaque, previous stud ...
... scenes, such as large extended surfaces defined by walls, hillsides, and other topographical features, which can be identified only by integrating visual information over large portions of the visual field. In the absence of identified functionally homologous structures in the macaque, previous stud ...
Brainstem (II)
... Large‐diameter afferents with soma in the DRG (1st order), conveying information about position and movement of limb and the details of tactile stimuli, enter the spinal cord and ascend through the ipsilateral posterior funiculus (column) and terminates in the ipsilateral posterior column nucl ...
... Large‐diameter afferents with soma in the DRG (1st order), conveying information about position and movement of limb and the details of tactile stimuli, enter the spinal cord and ascend through the ipsilateral posterior funiculus (column) and terminates in the ipsilateral posterior column nucl ...
Loss of TDP-43 causes age-dependent progressive motor neuron
... Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects upper and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. Although previous studies using animal models of ALS have focused mainly on the toxicity of mutant SOD1, one of the causative genes of f ...
... Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects upper and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. Although previous studies using animal models of ALS have focused mainly on the toxicity of mutant SOD1, one of the causative genes of f ...