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Traditional Posters: Neuroimaging
Traditional Posters: Neuroimaging

... Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; 2Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; 3Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dalla ...
Circadian clocks in crustaceans: identified neuronal and cellular systems
Circadian clocks in crustaceans: identified neuronal and cellular systems

... to changes in light-dark conditions (49). Circadian rhythmic activities are well documented for locomotory, sensory, and central nervous systems in many crustacean species. The different systems (see Table 1) evidently involve almost all biological functions in crustaceans. The focus of this review ...
Calcium Calmodulin-Stimulated Adenylyl Cyclases Contribute to
Calcium Calmodulin-Stimulated Adenylyl Cyclases Contribute to

... 1994; Zhuo, 2004). More interestingly, inhibitors of new protein synthesis applied locally to the spinal cord attenuated behavioral nociceptive responses to formalin injection (Kim et al., 1998). Therefore, it is hypothesized that activation of NMDA or other receptors leads to gene transcription and ...
DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF SOLID DISPERSIONS OF
DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF SOLID DISPERSIONS OF

... evaporative precipitation in aqueous solution, pro drug approach, polymorphism, complexation, pH adjustment, co-solvents, use of surfactant and particle size reduction [3]. Amongst all techniques solid dispersion is more effective is technique. The concept of solid dispersions was originally propose ...
Ion Exchange Resins: Drug Delivery and Therapeutic
Ion Exchange Resins: Drug Delivery and Therapeutic

... exchange resins depending upon the nature of the exchangeable ion of the resin as a cation or anion, respectively. The degree of cross-linking and particle size of the resin substantially modify its properties and applications. Ion exchange resins can be used to overcome various pharmaceutical formu ...
Strategy-dependent Dissociation of the Neural
Strategy-dependent Dissociation of the Neural

... T is well known that cognition influences pain perception.1 Cognitive strategies use this concept and are used for day-to-day pain management by patients with chronic pain.2– 4 They reduce pain by addressing psychologic influences5 through techniques such as diversion of attention, reappraisal, imag ...
Over-the-Counter Medications: A Success Story
Over-the-Counter Medications: A Success Story

... This is not a new issue to both self-care and physician-directed care. We already have availability of both Rx and OTC products with the same active ingredients, but with different formulations, strengths, or indications. In fact, a casual perusal of the PDR reveals many conditions, which have both ...
The Glia Response after Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Comparison
The Glia Response after Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Comparison

... Neural crest cells differentiate into many cells that are not part of the PNS (melanocytes, craniofacial mesenchyme, cardiac-septal smooth myocytes, etc.) and into PNS cells such as sensory neurons, satellite cells and SCs [14]. Thus, OECs and SCs both originate from the neural crest. Before SCs can ...
Effects of vasoactive agents on isolated human umbilical arteries
Effects of vasoactive agents on isolated human umbilical arteries

... artery. Although these latter two studies, when taken together, have demonstrated a high sensitivity of these vessels to serotonin and bradykinin, studies on quantitative dose-response relationships and the existence of specific drug receptors have not been reported in detail. In addition, since, hi ...
PATHWAYS FOR EMOTION : INTERACTIONS OF PREFRONTAL AND THE RHESUS MONKEY
PATHWAYS FOR EMOTION : INTERACTIONS OF PREFRONTAL AND THE RHESUS MONKEY

... as with the amygdala (e.g. Barbas, 1993; Carmichael and Price, 1995b; Stefanacci et al., 1996; Barbas et al., 1999; RempelClower and Barbas, 2000). This comparison was ¢rst made across cases by injecting BDA in anterior temporal visual association area /anterior temporal auditory association area (T ...
14. Development and Plasticity
14. Development and Plasticity

... all presynaptic spike trains) in simulation of an IF-neuron with 1000 input channels. The spike trains that lead to the results shown by stars were generated with each weight value fixed to value 0.015. The cross-correlations are consistent with zero when considered within the variance indicated by ...
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF NIGELLA SATIVA AGAINST ASPIRIN INDUCED GASTRIC DAMAGE IN RATS  Original Article
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF NIGELLA SATIVA AGAINST ASPIRIN INDUCED GASTRIC DAMAGE IN RATS Original Article

... gastric mucosal damage [Fig 1B]. Aspirin breaches gastric defense mechanism in two different manners: PG-dependent and PG-independent manner. Since PGs play a critical role in maintaining gastric mucosal defense system, the irreversible inhibition of COX by aspirin leading to decreased mucosal PGs s ...
Salvia divinorum use and phenomenology: results from an online
Salvia divinorum use and phenomenology: results from an online

... Salvia divinorum is a hallucinogenic plant with ethnopharmacological and recreational uses. It differs from classic serotonergic hallucinogens such as LSD and psilocin in both phenomenology and potent agonist activity of the active component salvinorin A at k-opioid receptors. Awareness of S. divino ...
14. Development and Plasticity
14. Development and Plasticity

... all presynaptic spike trains) in simulation of an IF-neuron with 1000 input channels. The spike trains that lead to the results shown by stars were generated with each weight value fixed to value 0.015. The cross-correlations are consistent with zero when considered within the variance indicated by ...
i BASAL GANGLIA PATHWAYS: BEYOND THE CLOSED
i BASAL GANGLIA PATHWAYS: BEYOND THE CLOSED

... recent discovery that the CB sends a disynaptic projection to the striatum (Hoshi et al., ...
C fibres (dull pain)
C fibres (dull pain)

... The conclusion was drawn that the pain experienced by these men was blocked by emotional factors. The physical injuries that these men had received was an escape from the life-threatening environment of battle to the safety of a hospital, or even release form the war. This relationship suggests th ...
1 3Li Lithium Metallotherapeutics
1 3Li Lithium Metallotherapeutics

... the developing embryo. For example, in sea urchins, lithium causes vegetalization of the animal blastomeres,15 and in vertebrates such as Xenopus16 and zebrafish17 it causes expansion of the dorsal mesoderm and duplication of the dorsal axis. These effects are not restricted to animals, as lithium t ...
REM Sleep - Test Page
REM Sleep - Test Page

... brainstem neuronal activity in addition to the EEG for signs of REM sleep. Although we confirmed Allison and colleagues' observation of no low-voltage EEG during sleep, we found that brainstem neurons exhibited the phasic pattern of activation characteristic of REM sleep while the EEG voltage was el ...
The Pathogenesis of Lyme Neuroborreliosis: From Infection to
The Pathogenesis of Lyme Neuroborreliosis: From Infection to

... leading to the formation of immune complexes. This might impair the opsonization and, as a consequence, the effective killing of the microbes (56–58). In conclusion, B.b. appears to possess a complex arsenal for an active immune suppression by both downregulating the immune response and neutralizing ...
Current Drugs for Antimalarial Chemoprophylaxis: A Review of
Current Drugs for Antimalarial Chemoprophylaxis: A Review of

... malaria chemoprophylaxis in chloroquine-resistant areas include mefloquine, doxycycline, and atovaquone/ proguanil. Both mefloquine and doxycycline are associated with some well-known side effects that may limit their use in some patients,12,19,20 and resistance to mefloquine has emerged in certain ...
Chapter 143: Auditory System - Physiology
Chapter 143: Auditory System - Physiology

... effect. The arrows illustrate the direction of the sound waves and their pattern of reflection and refraction around the head. Baffle effect refers to the fact that sound waves impinging on a surface such as the head will be reflected. The incident and reflected waves may then combine near the side ...
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract

... Deglycyrrhizinated licorice, or DGL, has been used clinically for decades, primarily for the treatment of peptic ulcers.1 Licorice has been shown to inhibit several inflammatory enzymes, including both cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), decreasing the production of several potent i ...
I The 1982 John
I The 1982 John

... and antagonist analgesics. In addition to naloxone, these studies focus on two cfosely related compounds, nalbuphine and naltrexone. Nalbuphine is an antagonist analgesic that is practically as potent as morphine when injected.3Z3.3 But because of its antagonist properties, it carries little or no a ...
The History and Implications of Testing Thalidomide on
The History and Implications of Testing Thalidomide on

... upon a number of factors including the lipophilicity of the drug. All drugs do not, in fact, cross the placenta. For example, polar molecules such as muscle relaxants (like curare) do not cross.) Thiersch [42-44], in the 1950s, had shown repeatedly that some drugs could cross the placenta and cause ...
Science of PARP (Parp inhibitor, Parp inhibitors
Science of PARP (Parp inhibitor, Parp inhibitors

... human body includes repairing damage to our DNA. PARP regulates the nuclear machinery used for repairing damaged DNA. If left unrepaired, DNA damage can stall the cell cycle and lead to cell death. In normal, noncancerous cells, DNA repair is beneficial, promoting healthy cell growth and proliferati ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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