Option_E_Astrophysics_
... We know how big the Earth’s orbit is, we measure the shift (parallax), and then we get the distance… ...
... We know how big the Earth’s orbit is, we measure the shift (parallax), and then we get the distance… ...
The Astrobiology Primer - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. publishers
... The Astrobiology Primer has been created as a reference tool for those who are interested in the interdisciplinary field of astrobiology. The field incorporates many diverse research endeavors, but it is our hope that this slim volume will present the reader with all he or she needs to know to becom ...
... The Astrobiology Primer has been created as a reference tool for those who are interested in the interdisciplinary field of astrobiology. The field incorporates many diverse research endeavors, but it is our hope that this slim volume will present the reader with all he or she needs to know to becom ...
The synchronisation of cosmic cycles: a hypothesis
... bodies under discussion on the celestial sphere: we are seeing them at a specific point in each of the cycles listed above. It is a "unique" arrangement. If at a future time - it might even be millions of years later - this same "unique" arrangement of the heavenly bodies mentioned above appears on ...
... bodies under discussion on the celestial sphere: we are seeing them at a specific point in each of the cycles listed above. It is a "unique" arrangement. If at a future time - it might even be millions of years later - this same "unique" arrangement of the heavenly bodies mentioned above appears on ...
Lect15-3-23-11-stars..
... radiation, so that it makes sense to talk about its “surface,” the surface region from which light can escape into space. 1. First, the surface temperature of the gas cloud is very low, but its surface area is very large. As it contracts, liberating gravitational potential energy as heat, this heat ...
... radiation, so that it makes sense to talk about its “surface,” the surface region from which light can escape into space. 1. First, the surface temperature of the gas cloud is very low, but its surface area is very large. As it contracts, liberating gravitational potential energy as heat, this heat ...
Explaining Retrograde Motion of the Planets
... reproduce the location of the planets with very good accuracy. To improve the accuracy, Ptolemy created a more complicated model by moving the Earth and the equant of the deferent off the center of the deferent. ...
... reproduce the location of the planets with very good accuracy. To improve the accuracy, Ptolemy created a more complicated model by moving the Earth and the equant of the deferent off the center of the deferent. ...
Unit 6: Astronomy
... existence of life on other planets. What are the pros for this kind of exploration? What are the cons? ...
... existence of life on other planets. What are the pros for this kind of exploration? What are the cons? ...
ppt
... There are only two astronomical bodies that have a radius ~ 1.5 REarth: 1. White Dwarf 2. A terrestrial planet White Dwarfs have a mass of ~ 1 Solar Mass, so the radial velocity amplitude should be ~ 100s km/s. This is excluded by low precision radial velocity measurements. ...
... There are only two astronomical bodies that have a radius ~ 1.5 REarth: 1. White Dwarf 2. A terrestrial planet White Dwarfs have a mass of ~ 1 Solar Mass, so the radial velocity amplitude should be ~ 100s km/s. This is excluded by low precision radial velocity measurements. ...
Science Through Postcard
... If the star is at a distance of 10 light years, say, (that is approximately 100 million million kilometers) then, it takes 10 years for its light to reach us. So what we see there was really there ten years ago. In those ten years, the star may have moved a little and in very rare cases, the star ma ...
... If the star is at a distance of 10 light years, say, (that is approximately 100 million million kilometers) then, it takes 10 years for its light to reach us. So what we see there was really there ten years ago. In those ten years, the star may have moved a little and in very rare cases, the star ma ...
Effects of Mutual Transits by Extrasolar Planet
... material inflow to the satellites and the satellite loss through orbital decay driven by the gas. They suggested that similar processes could limit the largest satellite of extrasolar giant planets. Such theoretical predictions await future observational tests. There still remains a possibility to d ...
... material inflow to the satellites and the satellite loss through orbital decay driven by the gas. They suggested that similar processes could limit the largest satellite of extrasolar giant planets. Such theoretical predictions await future observational tests. There still remains a possibility to d ...
the candidate teachers` perception about basic astronomy concepts
... and also, just striking expressions with regards to concepts were included. At first, when definitions put forward by the candidates were examined, it was observed that almost all of them defined Moon as the satellite of Earth and were unable to express what kind of a celestial body Moon is. On the ...
... and also, just striking expressions with regards to concepts were included. At first, when definitions put forward by the candidates were examined, it was observed that almost all of them defined Moon as the satellite of Earth and were unable to express what kind of a celestial body Moon is. On the ...
April 2016 - Newbury Astronomical Society
... The diagram above shows how Earth’s axis of rotation is tilted. The dashed black line marked as ‘Perpendicular to orbit’ is the axis of rotation of the Solar System around which all the planets, including Earth, orbit the Sun. The solid black line marked as: ‘North Celestial Pole’ and ‘South Celesti ...
... The diagram above shows how Earth’s axis of rotation is tilted. The dashed black line marked as ‘Perpendicular to orbit’ is the axis of rotation of the Solar System around which all the planets, including Earth, orbit the Sun. The solid black line marked as: ‘North Celestial Pole’ and ‘South Celesti ...
ASTRONOMY
... in Boston, Massachusetts. Scientists there suggested that 20 to 60% of stars like our own sun may have planets with life. They also suggested there may be many planets or moons of other planets in our own solar system with life. For example they have used NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope to study heat ...
... in Boston, Massachusetts. Scientists there suggested that 20 to 60% of stars like our own sun may have planets with life. They also suggested there may be many planets or moons of other planets in our own solar system with life. For example they have used NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope to study heat ...
Announcements - Lick Observatory
... • For stars less than 6Mo these last slides describe the evolution pretty well. There are some differences in the details that depend on the initial main-sequence mass. • For stars that start with > 4Mo, it gets hot enough in the cores to (1) avoid the helium flash and (2) to start carbon fusion. • ...
... • For stars less than 6Mo these last slides describe the evolution pretty well. There are some differences in the details that depend on the initial main-sequence mass. • For stars that start with > 4Mo, it gets hot enough in the cores to (1) avoid the helium flash and (2) to start carbon fusion. • ...
H. Other Methods of Determining Stellar Distances
... B. Measuring the Diameter of the Earth • Eratosthenes (276-195 BC) was a Greek astronomer who made the first attempt to measure the diameter of the Earth. • He noticed that the Sun would shine directly down a well on the first day of summer at Syene (modern Aswân), while on the same day and time, t ...
... B. Measuring the Diameter of the Earth • Eratosthenes (276-195 BC) was a Greek astronomer who made the first attempt to measure the diameter of the Earth. • He noticed that the Sun would shine directly down a well on the first day of summer at Syene (modern Aswân), while on the same day and time, t ...
Geoscience
... New Earth is formed near what feature? For those of you who like to split hairs, the age of the atoms are the same. We speak of the time when the molten material hardened into stone. a. Subduction zone c. Lithosphere b. Mid-ocean ridge d. Epicenters Plates tend to move about the Earth. Why do they ...
... New Earth is formed near what feature? For those of you who like to split hairs, the age of the atoms are the same. We speak of the time when the molten material hardened into stone. a. Subduction zone c. Lithosphere b. Mid-ocean ridge d. Epicenters Plates tend to move about the Earth. Why do they ...
In This Issue The Hottest Planet in the Solar System President`s Article
... degrees. Additionally, our average surface temperature would be significantly colder, at around 0 °F (-18 °C), as our atmosphere functions like a blanket: trapping a portion of the heat radiated by our planet and making the entire atmosphere more uniform in temperature. But it's the second planet f ...
... degrees. Additionally, our average surface temperature would be significantly colder, at around 0 °F (-18 °C), as our atmosphere functions like a blanket: trapping a portion of the heat radiated by our planet and making the entire atmosphere more uniform in temperature. But it's the second planet f ...
An Introduction To Parallax
... Even the nearest star, Alpha Centauri, is more than 200,000 times further away than the diameter of the Earth’s orbit. This means that the shift in angle we observe in Alpha Centauri is less than 1 second of arc, or less than the thickness of a hair seen across a large rooma . It was not until the m ...
... Even the nearest star, Alpha Centauri, is more than 200,000 times further away than the diameter of the Earth’s orbit. This means that the shift in angle we observe in Alpha Centauri is less than 1 second of arc, or less than the thickness of a hair seen across a large rooma . It was not until the m ...
Power Point Presentation
... • White dwarfs - small and can be very hot (Class VII) • Main sequence stars - range from hotter and larger to smaller and cooler (Class V) • Giants - rather large and cool (Class III) ...
... • White dwarfs - small and can be very hot (Class VII) • Main sequence stars - range from hotter and larger to smaller and cooler (Class V) • Giants - rather large and cool (Class III) ...
PRS Questions (queestions after Midterm 2)
... 2. The cloud will warm up. 3. The cloud temperature will remain the same. 4. This cannot be answered without additional information. ...
... 2. The cloud will warm up. 3. The cloud temperature will remain the same. 4. This cannot be answered without additional information. ...
In the icy near-vacuum of interstellar space are seething
... shields the gas within a cloud's deep interior from the effects of radiation from older, adjacent stars; dust grains provide surfaces on which chemical reactions can take place and dust radiates energy from the cloud during the star's early, formative stages. And yet these tiny grains—of uncertain c ...
... shields the gas within a cloud's deep interior from the effects of radiation from older, adjacent stars; dust grains provide surfaces on which chemical reactions can take place and dust radiates energy from the cloud during the star's early, formative stages. And yet these tiny grains—of uncertain c ...
Paper - Astrophysics - University of Oxford
... next ten years, astronomers using current 8-10m class telescopes expect to perform the first direct detections of gaseous giant planets, using advanced adaptive optics and coronagraphic techniques to suppress the glare from the planets’ parent stars by factors of up to 107. It is the next generation ...
... next ten years, astronomers using current 8-10m class telescopes expect to perform the first direct detections of gaseous giant planets, using advanced adaptive optics and coronagraphic techniques to suppress the glare from the planets’ parent stars by factors of up to 107. It is the next generation ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.