Extrasolar Planets: An Amateur`s Search
... distributions for an individual factor by distribution set is introduced and compared across the other distributions. 3.1.1 Distance from Earth When analyzing the available data on extrasolar planets, of particular interest is most stars with planets of which we are aware are found particularly clos ...
... distributions for an individual factor by distribution set is introduced and compared across the other distributions. 3.1.1 Distance from Earth When analyzing the available data on extrasolar planets, of particular interest is most stars with planets of which we are aware are found particularly clos ...
Chapter 11 Surveying the Stars How do we measure stellar
... • The largest stars are in the upper right corner of the H-R Diagram. ...
... • The largest stars are in the upper right corner of the H-R Diagram. ...
Picture: Alnitak is the left-hand star in Orion`s Belt. Image: NASA
... carbon/oxygen ratios that are typically four to five times higher than those of normal red giants and show little trace of the light metal oxide bands that are the usual red giant hallmark. They resemble S stars in their relative proportion of heavy and light metals, but contain far more carbon in t ...
... carbon/oxygen ratios that are typically four to five times higher than those of normal red giants and show little trace of the light metal oxide bands that are the usual red giant hallmark. They resemble S stars in their relative proportion of heavy and light metals, but contain far more carbon in t ...
RV Metric_new_8
... are the planets with outcome #2, each of which has a unique probability P. We estimate the probability Pk of the kth random variable by a Monte Carlo experiment, as follows. First, we create a large sample of random values of i by drawing from the appropriate random deviate, which is arccos(1- 2Q) , ...
... are the planets with outcome #2, each of which has a unique probability P. We estimate the probability Pk of the kth random variable by a Monte Carlo experiment, as follows. First, we create a large sample of random values of i by drawing from the appropriate random deviate, which is arccos(1- 2Q) , ...
Exam #2 Solutions
... The cooler giant stars are mostly K and M giants with temperatures around 5,000 K to 3,000K and luminosities between 50 and 5,000 solar luminosities. The stars are all larger in radius than the Sun, being between 1 and 100 solar radii. All these stars will have very short lifetimes compared to ...
... The cooler giant stars are mostly K and M giants with temperatures around 5,000 K to 3,000K and luminosities between 50 and 5,000 solar luminosities. The stars are all larger in radius than the Sun, being between 1 and 100 solar radii. All these stars will have very short lifetimes compared to ...
Star Light, Star Bright
... Begin a discussion of distances in space. Tell students that our star, the Sun, is a great distance from Earth, but that the next closest star is 272 times that distance from Earth! Write 149,600,000 km = Earth to Sun on the board; under it, write 40,678,000,000 km = Earth to Alpha Centauri. Tell st ...
... Begin a discussion of distances in space. Tell students that our star, the Sun, is a great distance from Earth, but that the next closest star is 272 times that distance from Earth! Write 149,600,000 km = Earth to Sun on the board; under it, write 40,678,000,000 km = Earth to Alpha Centauri. Tell st ...
Prof. Kenney C lass 8 September 26, 2016
... 2. Red Giant I (fusing H in shell, no fusion in core) After it fuses all of H in core to He, there is no more H fuel in core to provide the energy & pressure to balance gravity So you’d think that the star would collapse (& not expand/get bigger) But what happens… Core shrinks & heats up Until layer ...
... 2. Red Giant I (fusing H in shell, no fusion in core) After it fuses all of H in core to He, there is no more H fuel in core to provide the energy & pressure to balance gravity So you’d think that the star would collapse (& not expand/get bigger) But what happens… Core shrinks & heats up Until layer ...
Planet formation in the habitable zone of alpha Centauri B
... τdiss = 105 years. The dissipation is started at 104 years, the end of our nominal run, when all orbits have reached their size-dependent alignment in the HZ. Fig.3 shows the dynamical state of the system after 2τdiss = 2x105 years and clearly illustrates the efficient re-phasing of all orbits, whic ...
... τdiss = 105 years. The dissipation is started at 104 years, the end of our nominal run, when all orbits have reached their size-dependent alignment in the HZ. Fig.3 shows the dynamical state of the system after 2τdiss = 2x105 years and clearly illustrates the efficient re-phasing of all orbits, whic ...
The Milky Way
... Dark – it doesn’t produce light (any kind) Does have mass, produces gravity Nature is unknown Might be normal matter in a form that doesn’t emit much light – very small and dim star, little black holes • More likely it is elementary particles other than normal matter ...
... Dark – it doesn’t produce light (any kind) Does have mass, produces gravity Nature is unknown Might be normal matter in a form that doesn’t emit much light – very small and dim star, little black holes • More likely it is elementary particles other than normal matter ...
GravitEn
... Does the gravitational force act on the molecules of air and steam of water, which are much smaller than cloud droplets? The gravitational force acts on the gas and steam of water as physical bodies, in which molecules are joined together. Only on the top of rare atmosphere the molecules of air and ...
... Does the gravitational force act on the molecules of air and steam of water, which are much smaller than cloud droplets? The gravitational force acts on the gas and steam of water as physical bodies, in which molecules are joined together. Only on the top of rare atmosphere the molecules of air and ...
4-3 Astronomy
... Earth and the Moon and relate those motions to various effects, including phases and tides. Eighth grade (8-4.7) also explains the effects of gravity on tides and considers tides in relationship to the pulls of both the Sun and the Moon. It is essential for students to know that: The Moon reflects ...
... Earth and the Moon and relate those motions to various effects, including phases and tides. Eighth grade (8-4.7) also explains the effects of gravity on tides and considers tides in relationship to the pulls of both the Sun and the Moon. It is essential for students to know that: The Moon reflects ...
The Habitability of Planets Orbiting M
... orbiting other stars1 . Many of these planets are especially captivating because of their orbital distances, which place them in their stars’ canonical habitable zone—the region around a star where an orbiting planet with an Earth-like atmosphere (CO2 -H2 O-N2 ) could maintain water in liquid form o ...
... orbiting other stars1 . Many of these planets are especially captivating because of their orbital distances, which place them in their stars’ canonical habitable zone—the region around a star where an orbiting planet with an Earth-like atmosphere (CO2 -H2 O-N2 ) could maintain water in liquid form o ...
(pdf)
... The possibility of observing a toroidal atmosphere in absorption when a giant planet transits the disk of its parent star is determined not only by the amount of material and the dimensions of the cloud, but also by the geometry of the observation. The orbital period of planet HD 209458b is short, 3 ...
... The possibility of observing a toroidal atmosphere in absorption when a giant planet transits the disk of its parent star is determined not only by the amount of material and the dimensions of the cloud, but also by the geometry of the observation. The orbital period of planet HD 209458b is short, 3 ...
direct contact among galactic civilizations by relativistic
... were started again, it is highly improbable that the same sequence of events would recur and that intelligence would evolve in the identical manner. On the other hand, the adaptive value of intelligence and manipulative ability is so great-at least until technical civilizations are developed-that, i ...
... were started again, it is highly improbable that the same sequence of events would recur and that intelligence would evolve in the identical manner. On the other hand, the adaptive value of intelligence and manipulative ability is so great-at least until technical civilizations are developed-that, i ...
The Bigger Picture - Astronomy and Astrophysics
... forth every six months. The lack of parallax apparent to the unaided eye was used as a proof that the Earth did not revolve around the Sun. ...
... forth every six months. The lack of parallax apparent to the unaided eye was used as a proof that the Earth did not revolve around the Sun. ...
Chapter 09
... 20. In a given volume of space the Red Dwarf (or lower main sequence) stars are the most abundant, however, on many H-R diagrams very few of these stars are plotted. Why? a. Photographic film and CCDs both have low sensitivity to lowenergy red photons. b. They are so very distant that parallax angle ...
... 20. In a given volume of space the Red Dwarf (or lower main sequence) stars are the most abundant, however, on many H-R diagrams very few of these stars are plotted. Why? a. Photographic film and CCDs both have low sensitivity to lowenergy red photons. b. They are so very distant that parallax angle ...
center of mass
... 20. In a given volume of space the Red Dwarf (or lower main sequence) stars are the most abundant, however, on many H-R diagrams very few of these stars are plotted. Why? a. Photographic film and CCDs both have low sensitivity to lowenergy red photons. b. They are so very distant that parallax angle ...
... 20. In a given volume of space the Red Dwarf (or lower main sequence) stars are the most abundant, however, on many H-R diagrams very few of these stars are plotted. Why? a. Photographic film and CCDs both have low sensitivity to lowenergy red photons. b. They are so very distant that parallax angle ...
Part I Light, Telescopes, Atoms and Stars
... The Sun The SUN – an average star Like a star- it’s a ball of mainly Hydrogen and Helium gas in a balance between downward gravity and outward pressure It is in the middle of the field in size, temperature, mass and life (compared to other stars – more later!) Spectral Class: G2 ...
... The Sun The SUN – an average star Like a star- it’s a ball of mainly Hydrogen and Helium gas in a balance between downward gravity and outward pressure It is in the middle of the field in size, temperature, mass and life (compared to other stars – more later!) Spectral Class: G2 ...
Stars part 1
... 2. Luminosity – the total amount of energy a star radiates each second. Luminosity of all visible stars range from 1/1,000,000 the luminosity of the sun to 1,000,000 time the luminosity of the sun. 90% of the stars are not as bright as the sun. ...
... 2. Luminosity – the total amount of energy a star radiates each second. Luminosity of all visible stars range from 1/1,000,000 the luminosity of the sun to 1,000,000 time the luminosity of the sun. 90% of the stars are not as bright as the sun. ...
ART. VULCAN/05
... that for most of the strongest earthquakes in the 20th century – of magnitude 8.0 and more – the triangular relation starting from Vulcan, usually begins 3 to 4 days before the earthquake itself, sometimes 5 days, to one week before. A kind of energetic gap inbetween those days of «preparation» is a ...
... that for most of the strongest earthquakes in the 20th century – of magnitude 8.0 and more – the triangular relation starting from Vulcan, usually begins 3 to 4 days before the earthquake itself, sometimes 5 days, to one week before. A kind of energetic gap inbetween those days of «preparation» is a ...
Order-of-Magnitude Astrophysics
... 48. The FAME (Full-Sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer) satellite mission is expected to last 2.5-5 years and to have an astrometric precision of roughly 17, 60, and 150 micro-arcseconds respectively for sources with apparent magnitudes V = 9, 12, and 15. How many extra-solar planets will FAME find? 49 ...
... 48. The FAME (Full-Sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer) satellite mission is expected to last 2.5-5 years and to have an astrometric precision of roughly 17, 60, and 150 micro-arcseconds respectively for sources with apparent magnitudes V = 9, 12, and 15. How many extra-solar planets will FAME find? 49 ...
Pluto and definition of planet
... Prague. Definition of planets and criteria to divide them from other bodies in Solar System were one of the things that where debated on conference. First draft proposal of definition was announced on August 16th. According to the draft proposal, to existing nine planets would be added Ceres, Charon ...
... Prague. Definition of planets and criteria to divide them from other bodies in Solar System were one of the things that where debated on conference. First draft proposal of definition was announced on August 16th. According to the draft proposal, to existing nine planets would be added Ceres, Charon ...
Document
... • How do we even know this happens? – The North star changes from time to time. • See chart pg D90 ...
... • How do we even know this happens? – The North star changes from time to time. • See chart pg D90 ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.