AST1100 Lecture Notes
... A cloud with a larger radius than the Jeans length R > RJ will undergo gravitational collapse. The Jeans criterion for the collapse of a cloud is a good approximation in the absence of rotation, turbulence and magnetic fields. In reality however, all these factors do contribute and far more complica ...
... A cloud with a larger radius than the Jeans length R > RJ will undergo gravitational collapse. The Jeans criterion for the collapse of a cloud is a good approximation in the absence of rotation, turbulence and magnetic fields. In reality however, all these factors do contribute and far more complica ...
Lecture19
... All stars: As H is burned up in core, it leaves behind He “ash”. When H is used up, core begins contracting, and H is burned in a shell around the core. Star’s outer layers expand, cooling and getting much brighter, becoming a Red Giant star. Eventually core contracts enough to become so hot it can ...
... All stars: As H is burned up in core, it leaves behind He “ash”. When H is used up, core begins contracting, and H is burned in a shell around the core. Star’s outer layers expand, cooling and getting much brighter, becoming a Red Giant star. Eventually core contracts enough to become so hot it can ...
chapter 7
... Astronomers have now detected hundreds of planetary bodies, called exoplanets, moving in orbit around other stars. Most of these are more massive than any of the Sun's planets. These planetary-like bodies are detected because of their strong gravitationally interactions with their stars. However, te ...
... Astronomers have now detected hundreds of planetary bodies, called exoplanets, moving in orbit around other stars. Most of these are more massive than any of the Sun's planets. These planetary-like bodies are detected because of their strong gravitationally interactions with their stars. However, te ...
SECTION28.1 Formation of the Solar System
... • asteroid: metallic or silicate-rich objects that orbit the Sun in a belt between Mars and Jupiter ...
... • asteroid: metallic or silicate-rich objects that orbit the Sun in a belt between Mars and Jupiter ...
Spectra of Star Clusters
... spectral types are O, B, A, F, G, K, and M. These are subdivided into numbered categories; for example, the hottest A stars are type A0 and the coolest A stars are type A9, which is slightly ...
... spectral types are O, B, A, F, G, K, and M. These are subdivided into numbered categories; for example, the hottest A stars are type A0 and the coolest A stars are type A9, which is slightly ...
HAT-P-7: A RETROGRADE OR POLAR ORBIT, AND A THIRD BODY
... prograde, revolving in the same direction as the rotation of the Sun. This fact inspired the “nebular hypothesis” that the Sun and planets formed from a single spinning disk (Laplace 1796). One might also expect exoplanetary orbits to be well aligned with their parent stars, and indeed this is true ...
... prograde, revolving in the same direction as the rotation of the Sun. This fact inspired the “nebular hypothesis” that the Sun and planets formed from a single spinning disk (Laplace 1796). One might also expect exoplanetary orbits to be well aligned with their parent stars, and indeed this is true ...
Origin of the Solar System
... mm or submm waves, where the molecules have their strongest spectral features. Thus it is a relatively young field of research, and important future developments are expected from facilities currently under construction such as ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array). The embedded IR sources are regio ...
... mm or submm waves, where the molecules have their strongest spectral features. Thus it is a relatively young field of research, and important future developments are expected from facilities currently under construction such as ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array). The embedded IR sources are regio ...
SeagerGUASAI - Sara Seager
... In 2009, the Organizing Committee of IAU Commission 53 Extrasolar Planets (WGESP) on exoplanets discussed the possibility of giving popular names to exoplanets in addition to their existing catalogue designation (for instance HD 85512 b). Although no consensus was reached, the majority was not in fa ...
... In 2009, the Organizing Committee of IAU Commission 53 Extrasolar Planets (WGESP) on exoplanets discussed the possibility of giving popular names to exoplanets in addition to their existing catalogue designation (for instance HD 85512 b). Although no consensus was reached, the majority was not in fa ...
Letot STELLAR EVOLUTION By Kyle Letot Grade Level: 6
... thrive. It is held together by its own gravity and the internal nuclear reactions are balanced by the flow of energy to the surface. Gravity is what keeps us here on the ground as well as our very own gas planets intact. ...
... thrive. It is held together by its own gravity and the internal nuclear reactions are balanced by the flow of energy to the surface. Gravity is what keeps us here on the ground as well as our very own gas planets intact. ...
General Astrophysics And Comparative Planetology
... To understand an entire planetary system, giant planets must be detectable over a wide range of circumstellar separations. Jupiter and Saturn analogs in wide orbits around stars as old as the solar system are not detectable with any existing or planned ground-based or space-based telescopes other th ...
... To understand an entire planetary system, giant planets must be detectable over a wide range of circumstellar separations. Jupiter and Saturn analogs in wide orbits around stars as old as the solar system are not detectable with any existing or planned ground-based or space-based telescopes other th ...
Problem set 1 solution
... In reality, the local times will be somewhat less than this: 22h 59m and 6h 59m . The main difference arises because local noon at Greenwich does not correspond exactly to 0h UT on the vernal equinox, as was assumed. UT is designed so that this correspondence holds on the average, but it will not be ...
... In reality, the local times will be somewhat less than this: 22h 59m and 6h 59m . The main difference arises because local noon at Greenwich does not correspond exactly to 0h UT on the vernal equinox, as was assumed. UT is designed so that this correspondence holds on the average, but it will not be ...
galaxies and stars
... 44. Which process was occurring during some of these stages that resulted in the formation of heavier elements from lighter elements? A conduction C radioactive decay ...
... 44. Which process was occurring during some of these stages that resulted in the formation of heavier elements from lighter elements? A conduction C radioactive decay ...
Basics – II. Time, Magnitudes and Spectral types
... (along the celestial equator) we see a varying rate due to the projection of the ecliptic on to the celestial equator. This introduces a variation from uniform motion which is a wave of period half a year. The combination of these two effects leads to the Equation of Time (see figures). In effect, w ...
... (along the celestial equator) we see a varying rate due to the projection of the ecliptic on to the celestial equator. This introduces a variation from uniform motion which is a wave of period half a year. The combination of these two effects leads to the Equation of Time (see figures). In effect, w ...
The formation of the solar system
... eucrites, and winonaites as well as non-magmatic iron meteorites differentiated in the time interval between 3-5 million years after solar system formations, with inferred accretion ages between 1 and 2 million years after solar system formation (Schulz et al. 2009, 2010). 2.4. The new early solar s ...
... eucrites, and winonaites as well as non-magmatic iron meteorites differentiated in the time interval between 3-5 million years after solar system formations, with inferred accretion ages between 1 and 2 million years after solar system formation (Schulz et al. 2009, 2010). 2.4. The new early solar s ...
Nearby Stars - How far away is it
... Mizar is a bright white star. It is famous for being the first binary star system discovered. Galileo studied it extensively. These two stars take thousands of years to revolve around each other, so they were not seen to be rotating around each other in those days. It wasn‘t until the early 1800s, t ...
... Mizar is a bright white star. It is famous for being the first binary star system discovered. Galileo studied it extensively. These two stars take thousands of years to revolve around each other, so they were not seen to be rotating around each other in those days. It wasn‘t until the early 1800s, t ...
Astronomy Exam - domenicoscience
... 80. Given two telescopes one meter long, why is the focal length greater on the reflector than on the refractor? 81. In what direction does a comet’s tail always point? 82. Which type of planets in our solar system are most dense? WHY? 83. What force causes the planets to maintain their orbits aroun ...
... 80. Given two telescopes one meter long, why is the focal length greater on the reflector than on the refractor? 81. In what direction does a comet’s tail always point? 82. Which type of planets in our solar system are most dense? WHY? 83. What force causes the planets to maintain their orbits aroun ...
LIFEPAC® 7th Grade Science Unit 3 Worktext - HomeSchool
... cloud of stars stretching across the sky. You can see a great number of stars. With a telescope you can see many more stars. People in ancient times thought that all stars were part of the Milky Way. Today we know of many other galaxies similar to the Milky Way. To study the Milky Way as a whole is ...
... cloud of stars stretching across the sky. You can see a great number of stars. With a telescope you can see many more stars. People in ancient times thought that all stars were part of the Milky Way. Today we know of many other galaxies similar to the Milky Way. To study the Milky Way as a whole is ...
The Great Nebula in Orion
... The hot, blue stars in Orion are among the youngest and most massive stars in our galactic neighborhood. Such stars live only a few tens of millions of years. By contrast, stars with the mass of the Sun or less have stable lifetimes ranging upwards of 10 billion years. The hot, blue stars release hu ...
... The hot, blue stars in Orion are among the youngest and most massive stars in our galactic neighborhood. Such stars live only a few tens of millions of years. By contrast, stars with the mass of the Sun or less have stable lifetimes ranging upwards of 10 billion years. The hot, blue stars release hu ...
Lecture 11: Stars, HR diagram.
... There is a very tight relationship between luminosity and temperature We see that the Sun is in this sequence... Then there is something in common between the Sun and the rest of the stars in the main sequence.... They are all burning H into He in their cores More luminous = hotter = more massive! L ...
... There is a very tight relationship between luminosity and temperature We see that the Sun is in this sequence... Then there is something in common between the Sun and the rest of the stars in the main sequence.... They are all burning H into He in their cores More luminous = hotter = more massive! L ...
Stars PowerPoint
... electrons to being squeezed stops the inward collapse of a star’s core. A neutron star is created when the original star does not lose enough mass to become a white dwarf. The pressure of the collapsing core causes protons and electrons to merge to form neutrons. The resistance of neutrons to be bei ...
... electrons to being squeezed stops the inward collapse of a star’s core. A neutron star is created when the original star does not lose enough mass to become a white dwarf. The pressure of the collapsing core causes protons and electrons to merge to form neutrons. The resistance of neutrons to be bei ...
The Pennsylvanian Period in Alabama: Looking Up Astronomy and
... million years ago. Fig. 8.4 highlights how the Sun's orbit is roughly circular but does not close.4 The orbits of planets around the Sun are mostly closed ellipses, which happens because the Sun is much more massive than any other body in the solar system, and because the planets orbit far from the ...
... million years ago. Fig. 8.4 highlights how the Sun's orbit is roughly circular but does not close.4 The orbits of planets around the Sun are mostly closed ellipses, which happens because the Sun is much more massive than any other body in the solar system, and because the planets orbit far from the ...
Chapter 8: The Pennsylvanian Period in Alabama: Looking Up
... million years ago. Fig. 8.4 highlights how the Sun's orbit is roughly circular but does not close.4 The orbits of planets around the Sun are mostly closed ellipses, which happens because the Sun is much more massive than any other body in the solar system, and because the planets orbit far from the ...
... million years ago. Fig. 8.4 highlights how the Sun's orbit is roughly circular but does not close.4 The orbits of planets around the Sun are mostly closed ellipses, which happens because the Sun is much more massive than any other body in the solar system, and because the planets orbit far from the ...
Is there life in space? Activity 1: The Vastness of Space
... A. Scientists should look for water. Living things need liquid water to survive. This means that scientists should be looking for planets that fall into the habitable range—not too close to their stars and not too far away from their stars for liquid water to exist. Students may give other answers, ...
... A. Scientists should look for water. Living things need liquid water to survive. This means that scientists should be looking for planets that fall into the habitable range—not too close to their stars and not too far away from their stars for liquid water to exist. Students may give other answers, ...
The Solar System
... • Asteroids are rocky because they formed inside the ice line. • Comets are icy because they formed outside the ice line ...
... • Asteroids are rocky because they formed inside the ice line. • Comets are icy because they formed outside the ice line ...
A sound nebula: the origin of the Solar System in the field of a
... processes is beyond the scope of this article; we note here only that the power of the explosion would have been large enough for the shock wave to spread all over the pre-solar nebula2 . A long time observed active processes, such as jets and outflows associated with star formation, e.g. [10]-[18], ...
... processes is beyond the scope of this article; we note here only that the power of the explosion would have been large enough for the shock wave to spread all over the pre-solar nebula2 . A long time observed active processes, such as jets and outflows associated with star formation, e.g. [10]-[18], ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.