Lecture 8: The Stars - Department of Physics and Astronomy
... Pioneers of Stellar Classification A better classification scheme was found by Annie Jump Canon, who joined the “computers” in 1896. Found that stars come in a “natural sequence”. The current scheme of O, B, A, F, G, K, M resulted from Canon revising Fleming’s work. Canon went on to classify 400, ...
... Pioneers of Stellar Classification A better classification scheme was found by Annie Jump Canon, who joined the “computers” in 1896. Found that stars come in a “natural sequence”. The current scheme of O, B, A, F, G, K, M resulted from Canon revising Fleming’s work. Canon went on to classify 400, ...
Stars
... III. Life cycle of Sun C. Becoming a Red Giant 1. After about 10 billion years, hydrogen is used up 2. Core of star is made of He 3. Layer of gas surrounding core does fusion, causing gases to expand and ...
... III. Life cycle of Sun C. Becoming a Red Giant 1. After about 10 billion years, hydrogen is used up 2. Core of star is made of He 3. Layer of gas surrounding core does fusion, causing gases to expand and ...
Hubble - 15 Years of Discovery
... epheids are bright stars that vary very regularly in brightness. They are named after the star d-Cephei in the constellation of Cepheus. You can see the variation for yourself (if you have a little patience). If you look at the constellation Cepheus over several days, you will see that one of the br ...
... epheids are bright stars that vary very regularly in brightness. They are named after the star d-Cephei in the constellation of Cepheus. You can see the variation for yourself (if you have a little patience). If you look at the constellation Cepheus over several days, you will see that one of the br ...
Chapter 1 - Chabot College
... This photo shows the Andromeda Galaxy as it looked about 2 ½ million years ago. ...
... This photo shows the Andromeda Galaxy as it looked about 2 ½ million years ago. ...
–1– Lectures 18 and 19 Optical Depth vs. Density Imaging a sphere
... fragmentation will produce optically thick fragments. At this point, the cores are no longer isothermal. Since Jeans fragmentation requires an isothermal gas, this will also halt the fragmentation of the collapsing gas into progressively smaller pieces. Low and Lynden-Bell (1976) calculated that thi ...
... fragmentation will produce optically thick fragments. At this point, the cores are no longer isothermal. Since Jeans fragmentation requires an isothermal gas, this will also halt the fragmentation of the collapsing gas into progressively smaller pieces. Low and Lynden-Bell (1976) calculated that thi ...
Star - Astrophysics
... into a degenerate gas and then leads to helium burning. But because the degeneracy pressure does not increase and lead to expansion as the core heats further, the energy production becomes even stronger producing a brief ‘helium flash’. Helium core burning and hydrogen shell burning then continue, a ...
... into a degenerate gas and then leads to helium burning. But because the degeneracy pressure does not increase and lead to expansion as the core heats further, the energy production becomes even stronger producing a brief ‘helium flash’. Helium core burning and hydrogen shell burning then continue, a ...
Name - crespiphysics
... 1. The Apollo 8 spacecraft became the first manned object to leave earth orbit. What percent of the total energy needed to reach the moon was used just to get Apollo 8 up to earth orbit? 2. Describe the origin of centrifugal “force”. ...
... 1. The Apollo 8 spacecraft became the first manned object to leave earth orbit. What percent of the total energy needed to reach the moon was used just to get Apollo 8 up to earth orbit? 2. Describe the origin of centrifugal “force”. ...
Microlensing Studies in Crowded Fields
... • We have very little idea about the intrinsic mass function of objects formed when planetary systems come into being. • Virtually all detected Exoplanets are much larger than the Earth orbiting relatively close to the host star, so estimates of the numbers of Earth size planets have large error bar ...
... • We have very little idea about the intrinsic mass function of objects formed when planetary systems come into being. • Virtually all detected Exoplanets are much larger than the Earth orbiting relatively close to the host star, so estimates of the numbers of Earth size planets have large error bar ...
![David`s Mapping the Heavens[1]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008084229_1-877ead4b57cbb51d927fdcd6d06ce5c8-300x300.png)
David`s Mapping the Heavens[1]
... Complete the following table. In each column outline what theory each astronomer came up with. Shapley ...
... Complete the following table. In each column outline what theory each astronomer came up with. Shapley ...
test - Scioly.org
... 1) Clue: Larger companion classified “Am” due to deep metallic absorption lines indicating that it is 316% as iron rich as our own Sun. The smaller companion is approximately Earth size, but is surprisingly nearly TWICE as dense as it should be for its estimated mass. 2) Clue: Strange collimated out ...
... 1) Clue: Larger companion classified “Am” due to deep metallic absorption lines indicating that it is 316% as iron rich as our own Sun. The smaller companion is approximately Earth size, but is surprisingly nearly TWICE as dense as it should be for its estimated mass. 2) Clue: Strange collimated out ...
- ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the
... 26. A Ultraviolet light split the water molecules, and the hyrdrogen then escaped to space. B Water was removed from the atmosphere by chemical reactions with surface rock. C It is frozen in craters near the poles. D It turned into carbon dioxide by reacting with nitrogen in Venus’s atmosphere. ...
... 26. A Ultraviolet light split the water molecules, and the hyrdrogen then escaped to space. B Water was removed from the atmosphere by chemical reactions with surface rock. C It is frozen in craters near the poles. D It turned into carbon dioxide by reacting with nitrogen in Venus’s atmosphere. ...
Analytical mechanics calculations for finding reasons of retrograde
... events such as external object impact with planet which supposed it changed its rotational direction ,or the protoplanetary condition which made global system to retrograde direction of rotation in solar system . The position of planet obeys Tithus –bode law, any massive external object could result ...
... events such as external object impact with planet which supposed it changed its rotational direction ,or the protoplanetary condition which made global system to retrograde direction of rotation in solar system . The position of planet obeys Tithus –bode law, any massive external object could result ...
The Solar System - Junta de Andalucía
... Activity 12. Read this text and check the information you have just completed Revolution The Earth revolves around the Sun in orbit, at the same time that it rotates on its axis. It takes one year and six hours for the Earth to complete its orbit around the Sun. As a result, every four years we have ...
... Activity 12. Read this text and check the information you have just completed Revolution The Earth revolves around the Sun in orbit, at the same time that it rotates on its axis. It takes one year and six hours for the Earth to complete its orbit around the Sun. As a result, every four years we have ...
MEarth
... been assumed that the rotational synchronization expected of close-in habitable zone planets would lead either to atmospheric collapse or to steep temperature gradients and climatic conditions not suitable for life. Works reviewed in Scalo et al. and Tarter et al. argue that atmospheric heat circula ...
... been assumed that the rotational synchronization expected of close-in habitable zone planets would lead either to atmospheric collapse or to steep temperature gradients and climatic conditions not suitable for life. Works reviewed in Scalo et al. and Tarter et al. argue that atmospheric heat circula ...
What is a white dwarf?
... What happens after that? Role reversal! When the star on the right becomes a giant, the white dwarf gains matter from it. ...
... What happens after that? Role reversal! When the star on the right becomes a giant, the white dwarf gains matter from it. ...
The Sky Viewed from Earth - Beck-Shop
... If you are out in the field and are unable to access one of the many sky maps available in magazines, on the Internet, or on your smartphone, the planets can be difficult to pick out from among the many bright stars. The only ones visible to the naked eye are Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn (Mercury ...
... If you are out in the field and are unable to access one of the many sky maps available in magazines, on the Internet, or on your smartphone, the planets can be difficult to pick out from among the many bright stars. The only ones visible to the naked eye are Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn (Mercury ...
StarIntro_sb12
... whole number) for an amount greater than or (X a decimal number) for an amount less than the AM of the Sun. ...
... whole number) for an amount greater than or (X a decimal number) for an amount less than the AM of the Sun. ...
a to z of astronomy
... An object with so much mass compressed into such a small volume that the escape velocity equals or exceeds the speed of light. The centres of many galaxies and quasars etc. are thought to contain black holes with masses many millions of times that of the Sun. Smaller black holes may be formed when a ...
... An object with so much mass compressed into such a small volume that the escape velocity equals or exceeds the speed of light. The centres of many galaxies and quasars etc. are thought to contain black holes with masses many millions of times that of the Sun. Smaller black holes may be formed when a ...
The Story of Planet Building
... Task: Create a book that illustrates the story of how our solar system formed. Guidelines & Expectations ___/2 pts.-Title page that includes a title and your name ___/2 pts.- Minimum of 8 pages ___/6 pts.- Book is in correct chronological order ___/6 pts.- All significant steps in the formation of t ...
... Task: Create a book that illustrates the story of how our solar system formed. Guidelines & Expectations ___/2 pts.-Title page that includes a title and your name ___/2 pts.- Minimum of 8 pages ___/6 pts.- Book is in correct chronological order ___/6 pts.- All significant steps in the formation of t ...
The Formation of Planetary Systems
... gas clouds, fallen meteorites, and Earth’s Moon, as well as of the various planets observed with ground-based telescopes and planetary space probes. Ironically, studies of Earth itself do not help much, because information about our planet’s early stages eroded away long ago. Meteorites and comets p ...
... gas clouds, fallen meteorites, and Earth’s Moon, as well as of the various planets observed with ground-based telescopes and planetary space probes. Ironically, studies of Earth itself do not help much, because information about our planet’s early stages eroded away long ago. Meteorites and comets p ...
Winter Interim Assessment Review - Aventura Waterways K-8
... • Many places that are far from Earth’s equator and its poles have four distinct seasons; winter, spring, summer, and autumn. This is because of how sunlight strikes Earth’s surface. • Near the equator, sunlight hits the Earth’s surface from overhead. • Near the poles, sunlight arrives a steep angle ...
... • Many places that are far from Earth’s equator and its poles have four distinct seasons; winter, spring, summer, and autumn. This is because of how sunlight strikes Earth’s surface. • Near the equator, sunlight hits the Earth’s surface from overhead. • Near the poles, sunlight arrives a steep angle ...
1 VERSION 21A Cosmos+ A big bang family performance about the
... The solar system is the Earth’s cosmic family. It consists of everything that is held in by the grip of the Sun’s gravity: planets, dwarf planets, moons, comets, asteroids and other various small objects, and bigger things that have yet to be discovered. TOM7 The Sun and all the planets started out ...
... The solar system is the Earth’s cosmic family. It consists of everything that is held in by the grip of the Sun’s gravity: planets, dwarf planets, moons, comets, asteroids and other various small objects, and bigger things that have yet to be discovered. TOM7 The Sun and all the planets started out ...
Astronomical Coordinates, Distances and Magnitudes
... direction as, for instance, the corner of the room or the tower of the church. The abstraction of this natural SR is named the Spherical Polar System. The position of a point is given by three coordinates: two angles (φ,θ) and a distance (r) as shown in the figure. The geographical (geographical lat ...
... direction as, for instance, the corner of the room or the tower of the church. The abstraction of this natural SR is named the Spherical Polar System. The position of a point is given by three coordinates: two angles (φ,θ) and a distance (r) as shown in the figure. The geographical (geographical lat ...
deduction of the gravity law and quantum mechanical model of
... the angular velocities as the vector, what is the most often ignored. As the result on this way were obtained the possibility to calculate planetary circular velocities, with important detail - faster decreasing of the velocity by increasing of the distance. Kepler held his attention on this detail ...
... the angular velocities as the vector, what is the most often ignored. As the result on this way were obtained the possibility to calculate planetary circular velocities, with important detail - faster decreasing of the velocity by increasing of the distance. Kepler held his attention on this detail ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.