Nuclear calcium is required for human T cell activation
... The transcriptional program induced by NFAT/AP1, which includes interleukin (IL)-2 and IFNγ, initiates a productive immune response, whereas genes induced by NFAT lead only to T cell tolerance (Macián et al., 2000). One of the hallmarks of anergic T cells is their reduced ability to produce IL-2 (Ba ...
... The transcriptional program induced by NFAT/AP1, which includes interleukin (IL)-2 and IFNγ, initiates a productive immune response, whereas genes induced by NFAT lead only to T cell tolerance (Macián et al., 2000). One of the hallmarks of anergic T cells is their reduced ability to produce IL-2 (Ba ...
N E W S L E T T E R - Australasian Society for Immunology
... vaccine to prevent group A strep infection. The malaria project in the lab has a major goal of developing a whole parasite vaccine. Unlike vaccine strategies elsewhere which largely focus on sub-unit single antigen approaches, we have found that vaccines based on whole parasites induce an immune res ...
... vaccine to prevent group A strep infection. The malaria project in the lab has a major goal of developing a whole parasite vaccine. Unlike vaccine strategies elsewhere which largely focus on sub-unit single antigen approaches, we have found that vaccines based on whole parasites induce an immune res ...
The nervous system and innate immunity: The neuropeptide
... Considerable evidence has mounted to support active communication between the nervous system and the immune system. The nervous system, including the brain and the peripheral divisions can either stimulate or inhibit various activities of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Conversely, the ...
... Considerable evidence has mounted to support active communication between the nervous system and the immune system. The nervous system, including the brain and the peripheral divisions can either stimulate or inhibit various activities of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Conversely, the ...
The Cellular Biology of the Reed-Sternberg Cell
... comprehension of the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs)~than of HD itself. In fact, historically long-standing enigmas regarding the nature of HD continue to defy understanding. The most prominent of these enigmas concerns the origin of the Reed-Sternberg (RS) cell itself. It has been va ...
... comprehension of the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs)~than of HD itself. In fact, historically long-standing enigmas regarding the nature of HD continue to defy understanding. The most prominent of these enigmas concerns the origin of the Reed-Sternberg (RS) cell itself. It has been va ...
Krishnaswamy
... • AR UNG deficiency – Adenopathy/T cell intact – Milder disease AID=Activation induced cytosine deaminase UNG=Uracil N-glycosylase Both required for Ig CSR/somatic hypermutation ...
... • AR UNG deficiency – Adenopathy/T cell intact – Milder disease AID=Activation induced cytosine deaminase UNG=Uracil N-glycosylase Both required for Ig CSR/somatic hypermutation ...
Allo-HLA reactivity of virus-specific memory T cells is common
... During thymic development, T cells undergo an instruction process of positive and negative selection that results in the composition of a mature T-cell repertoire that is selected on the basis of tolerance for self-HLA molecules presenting selfpeptides.9,10 However, during thymic development, T cell ...
... During thymic development, T cells undergo an instruction process of positive and negative selection that results in the composition of a mature T-cell repertoire that is selected on the basis of tolerance for self-HLA molecules presenting selfpeptides.9,10 However, during thymic development, T cell ...
Linköping University Post Print In vitro priming recapitulates in vivo HIV-1
... uninfected individuals. HIV-priming was usually achieved after the third or fourth restimulation, as measured by intracellular IFN-c staining after antigenic rechallenge, (Figure 2B) and considered positive when the level of responding cells, i.e. IFN-c producing T cells, was .1%–5% above the non-sp ...
... uninfected individuals. HIV-priming was usually achieved after the third or fourth restimulation, as measured by intracellular IFN-c staining after antigenic rechallenge, (Figure 2B) and considered positive when the level of responding cells, i.e. IFN-c producing T cells, was .1%–5% above the non-sp ...
The Antinociceptive Effect of Dexmedetomidine Modulates Spleen
... cytotoxic activity, proliferative ability of T lymphocytes, and cytokine changes were assessed. Methods: After evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine in C57BL mice that were subjected to formalin-induced pain, dexmedetomidine (30 µg/kg) or saline was injected intraperitoneally (ip) ...
... cytotoxic activity, proliferative ability of T lymphocytes, and cytokine changes were assessed. Methods: After evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine in C57BL mice that were subjected to formalin-induced pain, dexmedetomidine (30 µg/kg) or saline was injected intraperitoneally (ip) ...
In vitro blood mononuclear cells Jenny Clifford
... mainly Interferon (IFN) -γ and IL-2 (14-16, 18). This activates primarily macrophages, which in turn secrete TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and CD8+ T-cells that help kill infected cells (8). The cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells help to kill infected cells using different cytotoxic enzymes, as well as death-inducing ...
... mainly Interferon (IFN) -γ and IL-2 (14-16, 18). This activates primarily macrophages, which in turn secrete TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and CD8+ T-cells that help kill infected cells (8). The cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells help to kill infected cells using different cytotoxic enzymes, as well as death-inducing ...
1. What is the lymphatic system and what are its functions? 2. Detail
... activated, it must first encounter a macrophage displaying the antigen on its major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins; if the antigen fits the helper T cell’s antigen receptor, it becomes activated and stimulates B cells to produce antibodies. ...
... activated, it must first encounter a macrophage displaying the antigen on its major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins; if the antigen fits the helper T cell’s antigen receptor, it becomes activated and stimulates B cells to produce antibodies. ...
Endogenous collagen peptide activation of CD1d
... NKT cells in the mouse recognize antigen in the context of the MHC class I–like molecule CD1d and play an important role in peripheral tolerance and protection against autoimmune and other diseases. NKT cells are usually activated by CD1d-presented lipid antigens. However, peptide recognition in the ...
... NKT cells in the mouse recognize antigen in the context of the MHC class I–like molecule CD1d and play an important role in peripheral tolerance and protection against autoimmune and other diseases. NKT cells are usually activated by CD1d-presented lipid antigens. However, peptide recognition in the ...
Human perinatal immunity in physiological conditions and during
... adaptive immunity and originate from both myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells [15]. Also of significant importance in the early phases of life is the natural killer (NK) cell. Although derived from bone marrow lymphoid progenitor cells, NK cells are classified between innate and adaptive immunity. ...
... adaptive immunity and originate from both myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells [15]. Also of significant importance in the early phases of life is the natural killer (NK) cell. Although derived from bone marrow lymphoid progenitor cells, NK cells are classified between innate and adaptive immunity. ...
B Cell Receptor Signaling in Human B Cells
... in immune defense is to recognize microbial pathogens with antigen-specific B cell receptors (BCR), internalize and process them to peptides. Peptides are further presented in MHC (major histocompatibility complex) II class molecules to antigenspecific CD4+ THelper cells (TH), an example of a T cell ...
... in immune defense is to recognize microbial pathogens with antigen-specific B cell receptors (BCR), internalize and process them to peptides. Peptides are further presented in MHC (major histocompatibility complex) II class molecules to antigenspecific CD4+ THelper cells (TH), an example of a T cell ...
The Imbalance of B-Lymphocyte Subsets in Subjects with Different
... and Disease Status. The correlations between B-cell subsets and clinical parameters regardless of glucose status are summarized in Table 2. Total B cells associated positively with LDL-C and negatively with HDL-C and FCP. The percentage of B-2 cells was negatively correlated, and the percentage of B ...
... and Disease Status. The correlations between B-cell subsets and clinical parameters regardless of glucose status are summarized in Table 2. Total B cells associated positively with LDL-C and negatively with HDL-C and FCP. The percentage of B-2 cells was negatively correlated, and the percentage of B ...
Introduction - Philsci
... response: an immune 'reaction' refers to the interaction between immune receptors and antigenic patterns, whereas there is an immune 'response' when the interaction (reaction) leads to the activation of immune cells, that is, to the triggering of effector mechanisms. It might therefore be tempting t ...
... response: an immune 'reaction' refers to the interaction between immune receptors and antigenic patterns, whereas there is an immune 'response' when the interaction (reaction) leads to the activation of immune cells, that is, to the triggering of effector mechanisms. It might therefore be tempting t ...
Homeostasis and function of T cells in healthy - UvA-DARE
... reduced T and B cell responses may contribute to immunosenescence 1-3. Longitudinal studies in the aged (>85 years) have suggested that poor immunological responses are associated with an “immune risk profile”. Characteristics of this risk profile are an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio and increased numbers ...
... reduced T and B cell responses may contribute to immunosenescence 1-3. Longitudinal studies in the aged (>85 years) have suggested that poor immunological responses are associated with an “immune risk profile”. Characteristics of this risk profile are an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio and increased numbers ...
ILAR 46(2) - Laboratory Animal Boards Study Group
... the DCs, antigens are broken down into peptides and bind with either MHC class I or II molecules. MHC class II-dependent antigen presentation is essential for stimulating Th lymphocytes. MHC class I-dependent antigen presentation is necessary for Tc lymphocyte responses for defense against intracel ...
... the DCs, antigens are broken down into peptides and bind with either MHC class I or II molecules. MHC class II-dependent antigen presentation is essential for stimulating Th lymphocytes. MHC class I-dependent antigen presentation is necessary for Tc lymphocyte responses for defense against intracel ...
RALPH STEINMAN AND THE DISCOVERY OF DENDRITIC CELLS
... By 1978, an experimental system was needed to measure a more typical antigen-specific adaptive response and show that dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells. Steinman’s first graduate student, Michel Nussenzweig, developed such an assay based on Karl Landsteiner’s pioneering work that utilized ...
... By 1978, an experimental system was needed to measure a more typical antigen-specific adaptive response and show that dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells. Steinman’s first graduate student, Michel Nussenzweig, developed such an assay based on Karl Landsteiner’s pioneering work that utilized ...
Strategies and Implications for Prime
... (Fig. 7.1b–e). An understanding of the complexity of memory CD8 T cell populations is potentially critical when designing vaccinations against specific diseases. One important distinguishing characteristic that separates memory CD8 T cells from naïve cells is the overall change in anatomical distrib ...
... (Fig. 7.1b–e). An understanding of the complexity of memory CD8 T cell populations is potentially critical when designing vaccinations against specific diseases. One important distinguishing characteristic that separates memory CD8 T cells from naïve cells is the overall change in anatomical distrib ...
Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-
... although there are many theories. One such theory suggests a connection with infections, and in fact 63 % of GPA patients have chronic Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage, supporting this theory [13]. Furthermore, autoantibodies directed against lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2) wer ...
... although there are many theories. One such theory suggests a connection with infections, and in fact 63 % of GPA patients have chronic Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage, supporting this theory [13]. Furthermore, autoantibodies directed against lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2) wer ...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Effector Function in a Murine Model of
... Mucosal immune homeostasis requires a balanced interplay between effector and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Naive T cells differentiate into effector cells that are divided into three distinctive types, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, depending on the type of cytokines secreted. The fate of T cell different ...
... Mucosal immune homeostasis requires a balanced interplay between effector and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Naive T cells differentiate into effector cells that are divided into three distinctive types, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, depending on the type of cytokines secreted. The fate of T cell different ...
NIH Public Access
... In addition, TLR7 expression is induced through triggering of TLR3 by double-stranded RNA, which makes keratinocytes responsive to TLR7 agonists of the imidazoquinoline antiviral immune response modifier family9. TLR expression by keratinocytes might be crucial for promoting skin immune responses, a ...
... In addition, TLR7 expression is induced through triggering of TLR3 by double-stranded RNA, which makes keratinocytes responsive to TLR7 agonists of the imidazoquinoline antiviral immune response modifier family9. TLR expression by keratinocytes might be crucial for promoting skin immune responses, a ...
Multiple Mechanisms of Immune Suppression by B
... IL-10–producing B cells are found in this population. Indeed, IL-10–producing B cells can be found among most major subsets of splenic B cells, albeit at smaller frequencies than that seen among CD5+CD1dhigh B cells (42). Given that no set of surface markers identifies all IL-10–producing B cells, i ...
... IL-10–producing B cells are found in this population. Indeed, IL-10–producing B cells can be found among most major subsets of splenic B cells, albeit at smaller frequencies than that seen among CD5+CD1dhigh B cells (42). Given that no set of surface markers identifies all IL-10–producing B cells, i ...
MM-BMSCs induce naïve CD4+ T lymphocytes
... Background: The tumor microenvironment plays a major role in multiple myelomas (MM). MM-BMSCs (bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells) can support tumor growth and immune surveillance escape. On the other hand, fibroblast activation protein α, expressed by cancer stroma cells including BMSCs, has bee ...
... Background: The tumor microenvironment plays a major role in multiple myelomas (MM). MM-BMSCs (bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells) can support tumor growth and immune surveillance escape. On the other hand, fibroblast activation protein α, expressed by cancer stroma cells including BMSCs, has bee ...
T cell
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.