An Interpretative Introduction to the Immune System
... Macrophages are “scavenger” cells found in tissues throughout the body. They play a crucial role in all stages of immune response. In the early stages they have several different functions. For example, they have receptors for certain kinds of bacteria, and for complement, thus they engulf those bac ...
... Macrophages are “scavenger” cells found in tissues throughout the body. They play a crucial role in all stages of immune response. In the early stages they have several different functions. For example, they have receptors for certain kinds of bacteria, and for complement, thus they engulf those bac ...
Immunometabolism governs dendritic cell and macrophage function
... response to environmental cues, such as hypoxia or nutrient alterations, but importantly also in response to danger signals and cytokines. Metabolites such as succinate and citrate have a direct impact on the functioning of macrophages. Immunogenicity and tolerogenicity of DCs is also determined by ...
... response to environmental cues, such as hypoxia or nutrient alterations, but importantly also in response to danger signals and cytokines. Metabolites such as succinate and citrate have a direct impact on the functioning of macrophages. Immunogenicity and tolerogenicity of DCs is also determined by ...
The presence of cytotoxic autoantibody to lacrimal gland cells
... these mice develop foci of mononuclear cell infiltration in the lacrimal and salivary glands, which closely resemble the lesions seen in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. We studied the cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses of NZB/W mice to lacrimal gland cells. Lacrimal gland acinar ...
... these mice develop foci of mononuclear cell infiltration in the lacrimal and salivary glands, which closely resemble the lesions seen in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. We studied the cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses of NZB/W mice to lacrimal gland cells. Lacrimal gland acinar ...
Z. Yuan, X. Fan, B. Staitieh, et al. HIV
... Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1) is a member of the superimmunoglobulin receptor family. We have previously shown that TREM-1 prolongs survival of macrophages treated with lipoolysaccharide through Egr2-Bcl2 signaling. Recent studies suggest a role for TREM-1 in viral immunit ...
... Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1) is a member of the superimmunoglobulin receptor family. We have previously shown that TREM-1 prolongs survival of macrophages treated with lipoolysaccharide through Egr2-Bcl2 signaling. Recent studies suggest a role for TREM-1 in viral immunit ...
Express Inducible NKG2D Ligands That Mouse NK Cell Activity
... immune reactions (10, 11). HSP70 chaperones antigenic peptides and channels them, in a receptor-mediated manner, into the MHC class I presentation pathway of professional APCs, which then prime peptide-specific CTL (12). Therefore, HSP70 derived from tumors can be used as tumor-specific vaccines (13 ...
... immune reactions (10, 11). HSP70 chaperones antigenic peptides and channels them, in a receptor-mediated manner, into the MHC class I presentation pathway of professional APCs, which then prime peptide-specific CTL (12). Therefore, HSP70 derived from tumors can be used as tumor-specific vaccines (13 ...
Cotransplantation of third-party mesenchymal
... Light-density total mononuclear cells (MNCs) from pairs of UCB units with different degrees of HLA disparity were prepared from previously HLA-screened UCB pools and transplanted into NOD/ SCID mice alone (control) or as a mixture. The percentage of CD34⫹ cells in these pools ranged between 0.2% and ...
... Light-density total mononuclear cells (MNCs) from pairs of UCB units with different degrees of HLA disparity were prepared from previously HLA-screened UCB pools and transplanted into NOD/ SCID mice alone (control) or as a mixture. The percentage of CD34⫹ cells in these pools ranged between 0.2% and ...
Immune Response to Self Nuclear Autoantigen Determines the Fate
... isolated from the peripheral blood not only of patients with autoimmune diseases but also of healthy individuals (3–5). In case of a microbe infection or chronic inflammation, it is possible that these autoreactive T cells expand, leading eventually to autoimmune diseases via proposed mechanisms suc ...
... isolated from the peripheral blood not only of patients with autoimmune diseases but also of healthy individuals (3–5). In case of a microbe infection or chronic inflammation, it is possible that these autoreactive T cells expand, leading eventually to autoimmune diseases via proposed mechanisms suc ...
Ly6Chi Monocytes in the Inflamed Colon Give Rise
... shape the gut-associated immune system, e.g., the prevalence of distinct helper and regulatory T cell populations (Atarashi et al., 2011; Ivanov et al., 2009). Importantly, the organism has to remain sensitive to deviations from this ‘‘primed homeostasis’’ and rapidly respond to invading entero-path ...
... shape the gut-associated immune system, e.g., the prevalence of distinct helper and regulatory T cell populations (Atarashi et al., 2011; Ivanov et al., 2009). Importantly, the organism has to remain sensitive to deviations from this ‘‘primed homeostasis’’ and rapidly respond to invading entero-path ...
Identification of Immunomodulatory Cells Induced By 670 nm Light
... RT: Reverse transcription SP-MS: Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis TE buffer: Tris-EDTA buffer TGF-β: Transforming growth factor beta Th: T helper cell TMB: Tetramethylbenzidine TMEV: Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha Treg: T regulatory cells Tris-HCl ...
... RT: Reverse transcription SP-MS: Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis TE buffer: Tris-EDTA buffer TGF-β: Transforming growth factor beta Th: T helper cell TMB: Tetramethylbenzidine TMEV: Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha Treg: T regulatory cells Tris-HCl ...
2 1-fructans modulate the immune system in vivo by direct
... the body, which are separated by only a single layer of epithelial cells from an enormous amount of environmental stimuli, including the gut microbiota and dietary components (1). Via a complex of regulatory mechanisms, our immune system manages to be tolerant against food antigens and commensal mic ...
... the body, which are separated by only a single layer of epithelial cells from an enormous amount of environmental stimuli, including the gut microbiota and dietary components (1). Via a complex of regulatory mechanisms, our immune system manages to be tolerant against food antigens and commensal mic ...
PDF - The Journal of Immunology
... are capable of producing a wide variety of signals to the immune system. For example, the MHC class I-like molecule MIC is induced on the surface of heat-shocked or otherwise stressed cells, and has been shown to bind to an activating receptor called NKG2D, which is expressed by ␥␦ T cells, CD8⫹ T c ...
... are capable of producing a wide variety of signals to the immune system. For example, the MHC class I-like molecule MIC is induced on the surface of heat-shocked or otherwise stressed cells, and has been shown to bind to an activating receptor called NKG2D, which is expressed by ␥␦ T cells, CD8⫹ T c ...
Trogocytosis-associated cell to cell spread of intracellular bacterial
... The exchange of plasma membrane proteins between eukaryotic cells occurs through a mechanism termed trogocytosis (trogo = Greek for nibble) (Joly and Hudrisier, 2003). For trogocytosis to occur two cells form a transient intimate interaction during which the membranes appear to fuse. The cells event ...
... The exchange of plasma membrane proteins between eukaryotic cells occurs through a mechanism termed trogocytosis (trogo = Greek for nibble) (Joly and Hudrisier, 2003). For trogocytosis to occur two cells form a transient intimate interaction during which the membranes appear to fuse. The cells event ...
- Wiley Online Library
... mice, Tregs may also influence CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses after in vivo subcutaneous infection with HSV-2 (Fernandez et al., 2008). Similarly, in humans, HIV-induced increase in Treg numbers in blood and lymphoid organs dampens adaptive immune responses, and ablation of Tregs from these tissues ...
... mice, Tregs may also influence CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses after in vivo subcutaneous infection with HSV-2 (Fernandez et al., 2008). Similarly, in humans, HIV-induced increase in Treg numbers in blood and lymphoid organs dampens adaptive immune responses, and ablation of Tregs from these tissues ...
Review articles Mucosal vaccination – an old but still vital strategy1
... on mouse M cells. The modified liposomes induced enhanced immune response against HBs following oral administration in mice. Stano et al. [25] tested degradable polymer nanoparticles (50 nm) conjugated with a thiolated antigen by reversible disulfide bonds, and found that after intranasal administra ...
... on mouse M cells. The modified liposomes induced enhanced immune response against HBs following oral administration in mice. Stano et al. [25] tested degradable polymer nanoparticles (50 nm) conjugated with a thiolated antigen by reversible disulfide bonds, and found that after intranasal administra ...
PHENOTYPIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL BIOMARKERS IN ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION Isabel Puig-Pey Comas
... The success of organ transplantation is in very large part attributable to advances in immunosuppressive treatment (IS). Today, transplantation clinicians have an armamentarium of immunosuppressive agents at their disposal, all of which are used in various combinations both for induction and mainten ...
... The success of organ transplantation is in very large part attributable to advances in immunosuppressive treatment (IS). Today, transplantation clinicians have an armamentarium of immunosuppressive agents at their disposal, all of which are used in various combinations both for induction and mainten ...
The testis in immune privilege
... testis barrier and a diminished capability of the large testicular resident macrophage population to mount an inflammatory response, it is the constitutive expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the testis by immune and particularly somatic cells, that represents an essential element for local ...
... testis barrier and a diminished capability of the large testicular resident macrophage population to mount an inflammatory response, it is the constitutive expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the testis by immune and particularly somatic cells, that represents an essential element for local ...
Immunological Mechanisms and Natalizumab Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis Natalizumab Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis
... and contribute to MS disease characteristics. The inflammatory component is considered autoimmune and mediated by auto-reactive T lymphocytes together with other cell populations of the immune system and their respective products like cytokines and chemokines. Treatment with natalizumab, a monoclona ...
... and contribute to MS disease characteristics. The inflammatory component is considered autoimmune and mediated by auto-reactive T lymphocytes together with other cell populations of the immune system and their respective products like cytokines and chemokines. Treatment with natalizumab, a monoclona ...
Molecular profiling of breast cancer cell lines containing amplified
... The 22 distinct FGFs vary in size from 17-34kDa but all share a conserved sequence of 120 amino acids (Eswarakumar et al. 2005). During embryonic development they are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Loss of a single FGF has been shown by homologous recombination to usu ...
... The 22 distinct FGFs vary in size from 17-34kDa but all share a conserved sequence of 120 amino acids (Eswarakumar et al. 2005). During embryonic development they are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Loss of a single FGF has been shown by homologous recombination to usu ...
LFA-1/ICAM-1 Interaction Lowers the Threshold of B Cell Activation by Facilitating
... antigen-derived peptides loaded on MHC class II molecules for presentation to T cells (Lanzavecchia, 1985; Rock et al., 1984). Both BCR functions seem to be interdependent, as BCR signaling is necessary for the correct and rapid targeting of the antigen to the MHC class IIcontaining compartments (Wa ...
... antigen-derived peptides loaded on MHC class II molecules for presentation to T cells (Lanzavecchia, 1985; Rock et al., 1984). Both BCR functions seem to be interdependent, as BCR signaling is necessary for the correct and rapid targeting of the antigen to the MHC class IIcontaining compartments (Wa ...
Cell-Mediated Immunity to Bordetella pertussis: Role of Thl
... responses. A study that failed to find a correlation between serum antibodies and bacterial clearance after immunization of rabbits with FHA, outer membrane protein, or a wholecell vaccine suggested that protection correlated with levels of pertussis-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the lungs (4). ...
... responses. A study that failed to find a correlation between serum antibodies and bacterial clearance after immunization of rabbits with FHA, outer membrane protein, or a wholecell vaccine suggested that protection correlated with levels of pertussis-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the lungs (4). ...
Control of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency in Human
... strongly suggests that similar antigens are present in both TG and that the infiltration of immune cells to the TG is driven by antigen. The morphology of the TG was investigated by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Analysis of the distribution of T cells throughout the TG provided puz ...
... strongly suggests that similar antigens are present in both TG and that the infiltration of immune cells to the TG is driven by antigen. The morphology of the TG was investigated by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Analysis of the distribution of T cells throughout the TG provided puz ...
An intestinal commensal symbiosis factor controls
... whereas pathobionts are often opportunistic pathogens5. To facilitate co-existence, symbionts must limit aggressive immune attacks or induce immune tolerance by utilizing some microbial products as symbiosis factors. In this context, polysaccharide A (PSA) produced by the human intestinal symbiont B ...
... whereas pathobionts are often opportunistic pathogens5. To facilitate co-existence, symbionts must limit aggressive immune attacks or induce immune tolerance by utilizing some microbial products as symbiosis factors. In this context, polysaccharide A (PSA) produced by the human intestinal symbiont B ...
Chapter 2 Antigen
... Clonal selection theory There are various lymphocyte clones, each clone only bears a unique type of Ag receptor The clones of lymphocyte that can recognize self-Ags will be destroyed or learn to tolerance to self Ags (forbidden clones) at the early stage of their development---clone deletion ...
... Clonal selection theory There are various lymphocyte clones, each clone only bears a unique type of Ag receptor The clones of lymphocyte that can recognize self-Ags will be destroyed or learn to tolerance to self Ags (forbidden clones) at the early stage of their development---clone deletion ...
The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses
... granular lymphocytes. Unlike lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system, which recognize and react only against specific virus-infected or tumor cells, NK cells are far less picky. They can eliminate a variety of infected or cancerous cells by detecting the lack of “self” cell-surface receptors and b ...
... granular lymphocytes. Unlike lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system, which recognize and react only against specific virus-infected or tumor cells, NK cells are far less picky. They can eliminate a variety of infected or cancerous cells by detecting the lack of “self” cell-surface receptors and b ...
Growth in Mice B Cell Depletion Enhances B16 Melanoma T Cell
... B cell contributions to nonlymphoid tumor immunity were assessed in adult wild-type mice with otherwise intact immune systems after B cell depletion using CD20 mAb. Circulating, spleen, and lymph node B cell numbers are reduced .95% by day 2 in C57BL/6 mice, and begin to recover by day 57 after MB20 ...
... B cell contributions to nonlymphoid tumor immunity were assessed in adult wild-type mice with otherwise intact immune systems after B cell depletion using CD20 mAb. Circulating, spleen, and lymph node B cell numbers are reduced .95% by day 2 in C57BL/6 mice, and begin to recover by day 57 after MB20 ...
T cell
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.