Association between Tuberculin Skin Test Reactivity, the Memory
... intradermal route) facilitates antigen presentation to Mycobacterium tuberculosis–reactive T cells via dendritic cells. These cells expand after restimulation in the skin and give rise to the characteristic type IV delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, although positive TST reactions can also be ...
... intradermal route) facilitates antigen presentation to Mycobacterium tuberculosis–reactive T cells via dendritic cells. These cells expand after restimulation in the skin and give rise to the characteristic type IV delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, although positive TST reactions can also be ...
A human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Env–granulocyte
... expression, adhesion molecules and co-stimulatory factors, and stimulates interleukin-1 secretion, critical for antigen presentation to T lymphocytes (Smith et al., 1990). The immunostimulatory activity of GM-CSF permits enhancement of T-cell proliferative responses to suboptimal antigen concentrati ...
... expression, adhesion molecules and co-stimulatory factors, and stimulates interleukin-1 secretion, critical for antigen presentation to T lymphocytes (Smith et al., 1990). The immunostimulatory activity of GM-CSF permits enhancement of T-cell proliferative responses to suboptimal antigen concentrati ...
Document
... lineages and immunity has been derived from studies on the vertebrate immune system. The sophisticated innate immunity of insects, the phylogenetic conservation and the power of Drosophila genetics allowed the investigation of immune cell (hemocyte) lineage relationships in Drosophila melanogaster. ...
... lineages and immunity has been derived from studies on the vertebrate immune system. The sophisticated innate immunity of insects, the phylogenetic conservation and the power of Drosophila genetics allowed the investigation of immune cell (hemocyte) lineage relationships in Drosophila melanogaster. ...
Chapter 13 The Lymphatic System and Immunity
... Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ...
... Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ...
A validated mathematical model of tumor growth including tumor
... tumor cell population T interacting with two immune cell populations, the natural killers N and the CD8+ T lymphocytes L. The fractional tumor cell kill by T cells is given by a Hill function D(L, T ) depending on L/T , while the fractional tumor cell kill by NK cells is proportional to the number o ...
... tumor cell population T interacting with two immune cell populations, the natural killers N and the CD8+ T lymphocytes L. The fractional tumor cell kill by T cells is given by a Hill function D(L, T ) depending on L/T , while the fractional tumor cell kill by NK cells is proportional to the number o ...
Hooper LV, Macpherson AJ.. Immune adaptations that maintain
... For decades, our understanding of the composition of intestinal microbial communities was based on the enumeration and characterization of culturable organisms. However, this approach left substantial gaps in the catalogue of intestinal bacterial species, as most gut organisms are resistant to cultu ...
... For decades, our understanding of the composition of intestinal microbial communities was based on the enumeration and characterization of culturable organisms. However, this approach left substantial gaps in the catalogue of intestinal bacterial species, as most gut organisms are resistant to cultu ...
Manipulating the in vivo immune response by targeted gene
... Monomeric or multivalent aptamers can replace antibodies to block or activate immune receptors or mediators. In vivo activity has been shown using a DNA L-selectin aptamer to block lymphocyte trafficking [50], multimeric OX40 or CD28 aptamers to enhance the potency of a DCbased vaccine and tumor imm ...
... Monomeric or multivalent aptamers can replace antibodies to block or activate immune receptors or mediators. In vivo activity has been shown using a DNA L-selectin aptamer to block lymphocyte trafficking [50], multimeric OX40 or CD28 aptamers to enhance the potency of a DCbased vaccine and tumor imm ...
The Influence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on the Cross-Priming of Lymphocytic
... enzymes required to convert the inactive precursor, vitamin D3, into biologically active 1,25(OH)2D3. The presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3 has been found to affect the expression of several immune genes, such as tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [1], interferon-γ (IFN-γ) [2-3], and interleukin-10 (IL-10) prod ...
... enzymes required to convert the inactive precursor, vitamin D3, into biologically active 1,25(OH)2D3. The presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3 has been found to affect the expression of several immune genes, such as tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [1], interferon-γ (IFN-γ) [2-3], and interleukin-10 (IL-10) prod ...
Are Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes
... of entry of T cells versus other cell types, such as APCs into the VAT upon induction of obesity. Recent time course studies in mice approximate an initial recruitment of T and B cells at 2–6 weeks on HFD (12,13,29,39,40), preceding the macrophages at 6–16 weeks (12,29,39). In such a scenario, early ...
... of entry of T cells versus other cell types, such as APCs into the VAT upon induction of obesity. Recent time course studies in mice approximate an initial recruitment of T and B cells at 2–6 weeks on HFD (12,13,29,39,40), preceding the macrophages at 6–16 weeks (12,29,39). In such a scenario, early ...
Sept15_lecture8a_immunology
... exploration, but each of them seems to be permitted a different, solitary idea. They roam through the tissues, sensing and monitoring. Since there are so many of them, they can make collective guesses at almost anything antigenic on the surface of the earth, but they must do their work one notion at ...
... exploration, but each of them seems to be permitted a different, solitary idea. They roam through the tissues, sensing and monitoring. Since there are so many of them, they can make collective guesses at almost anything antigenic on the surface of the earth, but they must do their work one notion at ...
The human liver contains multiple populations of NK cells, T cells
... CD16, CD56, CD69, CD161 (NKR-P1A), and/or killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIR)6 for MHC class I (11–14). These include a human NKT cell population that coexpresses CD161 and a TCR that is structurally homologous to the murine Va14Ja281 TCR chain, Va24-JaQ (8), which, like their murine Va14Ja281 T ...
... CD16, CD56, CD69, CD161 (NKR-P1A), and/or killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIR)6 for MHC class I (11–14). These include a human NKT cell population that coexpresses CD161 and a TCR that is structurally homologous to the murine Va14Ja281 TCR chain, Va24-JaQ (8), which, like their murine Va14Ja281 T ...
Licentiate thesis from Department of Molecular Biosciences, The
... periphery from mature CD4+ T cells in response to signals from regulatory cytokines, or APC conditioned by a regulatory micro milieu (microbial products or local regulatory cytokines). Treg cells set their inhibitory effect by expressing CTLA-4 receptor that could down regulate the expression of co- ...
... periphery from mature CD4+ T cells in response to signals from regulatory cytokines, or APC conditioned by a regulatory micro milieu (microbial products or local regulatory cytokines). Treg cells set their inhibitory effect by expressing CTLA-4 receptor that could down regulate the expression of co- ...
Rel Induces Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF-4)
... specific genetic programs are established by the coordinated activation of various signal transduction pathways, which in turn, lead to morphologic changes, cell division, differentiation, and the acquisition of immunological function. The temporal patterns of gene expression that underlie these pro ...
... specific genetic programs are established by the coordinated activation of various signal transduction pathways, which in turn, lead to morphologic changes, cell division, differentiation, and the acquisition of immunological function. The temporal patterns of gene expression that underlie these pro ...
Immunology and Immunotherapy in allergic disease
... 3) Increase IgA and IgM antigen-specific B lymphocytes. They have potential beneficial effects on mucosal immune barrier function and may limit antigen penetration into the body. Multiple studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of immunotherapy on the Tcell response or cytokine production ...
... 3) Increase IgA and IgM antigen-specific B lymphocytes. They have potential beneficial effects on mucosal immune barrier function and may limit antigen penetration into the body. Multiple studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of immunotherapy on the Tcell response or cytokine production ...
Macrophages, pathology and parasite persistence in
... in vitro studies have produced a plethora of candidate receptors involved in parasite uptake (reviewed in Ref. [10]), with more-recent reports emphasizing the complex interplay between recognition of parasite surface structures per se [11] and the role of serum opsonins (including mannose-binding le ...
... in vitro studies have produced a plethora of candidate receptors involved in parasite uptake (reviewed in Ref. [10]), with more-recent reports emphasizing the complex interplay between recognition of parasite surface structures per se [11] and the role of serum opsonins (including mannose-binding le ...
Cutting Edge Commentary: A Copernican Revolution? Doubts About
... Therefore, it is essential to realize that danger theorists are really talking about something quite limited. They suggest that the immune system detects as dangerous “anything that causes cell stress or necrotic cell death” (16, 17). (Others have made similar proposals (34).) While such a definitio ...
... Therefore, it is essential to realize that danger theorists are really talking about something quite limited. They suggest that the immune system detects as dangerous “anything that causes cell stress or necrotic cell death” (16, 17). (Others have made similar proposals (34).) While such a definitio ...
Origins of antinuclear antibodies
... the Y5 small RNA molecule [26], with which both antigens associate, and autoantibodies to DNA and histones (chromatin) are associated with one another. Thus, the macromolecular complexes illustrated in Figure 13.2C appear to be seen by the immune system as units. This is analogous to the immune resp ...
... the Y5 small RNA molecule [26], with which both antigens associate, and autoantibodies to DNA and histones (chromatin) are associated with one another. Thus, the macromolecular complexes illustrated in Figure 13.2C appear to be seen by the immune system as units. This is analogous to the immune resp ...
Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
... Ans: A lymph node has a fibrous capsule of connective tissue that dips down into the node and divides it into nodules. Each nodule contains a sinus filled with lymphocytes and macrophages. The function of the node is to purify the lymph of infectious organisms and other debris. 41. Describe the stru ...
... Ans: A lymph node has a fibrous capsule of connective tissue that dips down into the node and divides it into nodules. Each nodule contains a sinus filled with lymphocytes and macrophages. The function of the node is to purify the lymph of infectious organisms and other debris. 41. Describe the stru ...
Immune system
... drainage from distinct anatomic zones has place. Due to their structure and localization the LN have a role of barrier in the pathway of infection spreading, preventing its generalization. ...
... drainage from distinct anatomic zones has place. Due to their structure and localization the LN have a role of barrier in the pathway of infection spreading, preventing its generalization. ...
a Functional Region of Difference-1 Mycobacterial Virulence and the
... Rolf Billeskov, Carina Vingsbo-Lundberg, Peter Andersen, and Jes Dietrich2 ...
... Rolf Billeskov, Carina Vingsbo-Lundberg, Peter Andersen, and Jes Dietrich2 ...
T cell
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.