The role of B cells in bone turnover in rheumatoid arthritis
... both systems. In RA, the immune disturbance results in abnormal bone remodeling leading to bone loss. It is becoming clear that immune cells influence bone remodeling and vice versa. The interaction between immune progenitor cells and bone cells is facilitated by their proximity in the bone marrow, ...
... both systems. In RA, the immune disturbance results in abnormal bone remodeling leading to bone loss. It is becoming clear that immune cells influence bone remodeling and vice versa. The interaction between immune progenitor cells and bone cells is facilitated by their proximity in the bone marrow, ...
Provisional Subject Strand Information
... Describe how antibody diversity is generated (modular design) Describe how the structure of antibodies is related to their function for different antibody classes Describe B cell activation Describe B cell maturation (class switching, somatic hypermutation) Describe the T-cell life cycle i ...
... Describe how antibody diversity is generated (modular design) Describe how the structure of antibodies is related to their function for different antibody classes Describe B cell activation Describe B cell maturation (class switching, somatic hypermutation) Describe the T-cell life cycle i ...
nrmicro-09-068v1 - HAL
... 16 DCs (pDCs). DCs are equipped with a set of varied pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such 17 as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), through which they sense and process viral information and 18 become activated (Table 1). Following activation, DCs migrate to the regional lymph nodes 19 where they appe ...
... 16 DCs (pDCs). DCs are equipped with a set of varied pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such 17 as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), through which they sense and process viral information and 18 become activated (Table 1). Following activation, DCs migrate to the regional lymph nodes 19 where they appe ...
T cell epitope: Friend or Foe? Immunogenicity of biologics in context
... While T cells begin on a path to maturation in the thymus, their fate is only reached in the periphery. That process begins when naïve T cells engage epitope-loaded MHC at the surface of antigen-presenting cells through the T cell receptor. A series of molecular events ensues, resulting in different ...
... While T cells begin on a path to maturation in the thymus, their fate is only reached in the periphery. That process begins when naïve T cells engage epitope-loaded MHC at the surface of antigen-presenting cells through the T cell receptor. A series of molecular events ensues, resulting in different ...
everyday immune defence
... With over 200 different viruses responsible for infecting us with a cold every year, people with a busy lifestyle want “insurance” against colds and ...
... With over 200 different viruses responsible for infecting us with a cold every year, people with a busy lifestyle want “insurance” against colds and ...
b
... MHC restriction – TH and TC bind to different classes of MHC proteins TH cells bind to antigen linked to class II MHC proteins Mobile APCs (Langerhans’ cells) quickly alert the body to the presence of antigen by migrating to the lymph nodes and presenting antigen ...
... MHC restriction – TH and TC bind to different classes of MHC proteins TH cells bind to antigen linked to class II MHC proteins Mobile APCs (Langerhans’ cells) quickly alert the body to the presence of antigen by migrating to the lymph nodes and presenting antigen ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Its Structurally Related
... allergic reactions, as they secrete numerous vasoactive molecules and cytokines (14, 15). Increasing evidence, however, indicates that mast cells also secrete proinflammatory cytokines (14, 15), such as IL-6 (16) and are involved in neuroinflammatory processes (17). These findings have prompted the ...
... allergic reactions, as they secrete numerous vasoactive molecules and cytokines (14, 15). Increasing evidence, however, indicates that mast cells also secrete proinflammatory cytokines (14, 15), such as IL-6 (16) and are involved in neuroinflammatory processes (17). These findings have prompted the ...
i. introduction
... in fact show significant improvement clinically in the absence of effective treatment. In ancient Persia, Egypt and in the Roman Empire fever has been regarded as a reaction with healing power. This view was maintained until modern times and during the early nineteen hundreds pyrogenic substances ha ...
... in fact show significant improvement clinically in the absence of effective treatment. In ancient Persia, Egypt and in the Roman Empire fever has been regarded as a reaction with healing power. This view was maintained until modern times and during the early nineteen hundreds pyrogenic substances ha ...
A minimum of two distinct heritable factors are required to explain
... that inter-mitotic division times show significant variation within clones of growing cells. Both quantitative and qualitative explanations were given to describe this variation. The influential Smith and Martin model proposed that variation originated from a stochastic regulator operating in an “A ...
... that inter-mitotic division times show significant variation within clones of growing cells. Both quantitative and qualitative explanations were given to describe this variation. The influential Smith and Martin model proposed that variation originated from a stochastic regulator operating in an “A ...
Autoimmunity and pulmonary hypertension: a perspective REVIEW
... risk is conferred on the basis of the HLA-DR-DQ genotype, fewer than 10% of susceptible individuals or 30–40% of identical twins of a patient with type 1 diabetes will develop the disease [35]. Environmental factors such as dietary or viral infections have been invoked as necessary ‘‘second hits’’ t ...
... risk is conferred on the basis of the HLA-DR-DQ genotype, fewer than 10% of susceptible individuals or 30–40% of identical twins of a patient with type 1 diabetes will develop the disease [35]. Environmental factors such as dietary or viral infections have been invoked as necessary ‘‘second hits’’ t ...
Lymphatic/Immune Power Point
... • Allergic reactions: immune system forms antibodies to substances not usually recognized as foreign ...
... • Allergic reactions: immune system forms antibodies to substances not usually recognized as foreign ...
IMMUNOLOGICAL UNRESPONSIVENESS TO
... antigens, such as Ficoll and dextran and any hapten coupled to these carriers (1, 4, 5). The gene responsible for this unresponsive state has been localized to the X chromosome (5), and this strain lacks a subpopulation of B cells that can respond to the PBA properties on native dextran, B512 or els ...
... antigens, such as Ficoll and dextran and any hapten coupled to these carriers (1, 4, 5). The gene responsible for this unresponsive state has been localized to the X chromosome (5), and this strain lacks a subpopulation of B cells that can respond to the PBA properties on native dextran, B512 or els ...
Licentiate thesis from the Department of Immunology,
... and therefore the initial quality of the innate immune response may direct the proceeding activation of the adaptive immune responses.8 Traditionally, adaptive immunity is divided into two different branches; 1) the cell-mediated response, in which the effector cells are antigen-specific T cells, an ...
... and therefore the initial quality of the innate immune response may direct the proceeding activation of the adaptive immune responses.8 Traditionally, adaptive immunity is divided into two different branches; 1) the cell-mediated response, in which the effector cells are antigen-specific T cells, an ...
Mendelian traits causing susceptibility to mucocutaneous fungal
... defense in human subjects and mice.37-40 Being a PRR, dectin-1 signaling activates innate immune responses, such as phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.41,42 Furthermore, dectin-1 signaling shapes adaptive immune responses. Dectin-1 is exp ...
... defense in human subjects and mice.37-40 Being a PRR, dectin-1 signaling activates innate immune responses, such as phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.41,42 Furthermore, dectin-1 signaling shapes adaptive immune responses. Dectin-1 is exp ...
Regulatory T Cells in Central Nervous System Injury
... Naturally occurring Treg cells, which express the transcription factor Foxp3 (11–13), have been intensively studied for their ability to suppress adaptive immune responses (14–17). This subset of T cells, which develops with high avidity to self-Ags, is especially important in controlling autoimmuni ...
... Naturally occurring Treg cells, which express the transcription factor Foxp3 (11–13), have been intensively studied for their ability to suppress adaptive immune responses (14–17). This subset of T cells, which develops with high avidity to self-Ags, is especially important in controlling autoimmuni ...
CARMA1 Is Critical for the Development of Allergic Airway
... lymph node and lung were obtained as previously described (23, 24). Cells recovered from the BAL, lymph node, and lung were blocked, and then stained with fluorescently labeled Abs to CD4, CD8 and CD25 (BD Biosciences). Flow cytometry was performed after gating on the lymphocyte population using a F ...
... lymph node and lung were obtained as previously described (23, 24). Cells recovered from the BAL, lymph node, and lung were blocked, and then stained with fluorescently labeled Abs to CD4, CD8 and CD25 (BD Biosciences). Flow cytometry was performed after gating on the lymphocyte population using a F ...
Regulation of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony
... molecules that function in concert to orchestrate the interactions between numerous participating cell types. Elevated expression of E-selectin, for example, is associated with inflammatory conditions such as a ~ t h m a , rheumatoid ...
... molecules that function in concert to orchestrate the interactions between numerous participating cell types. Elevated expression of E-selectin, for example, is associated with inflammatory conditions such as a ~ t h m a , rheumatoid ...
HLA
... • The peptides are picked up by TAP proteins and transported from the cytosol into the RER where they assemble with – the transmembrane polypeptide and beta-2 ...
... • The peptides are picked up by TAP proteins and transported from the cytosol into the RER where they assemble with – the transmembrane polypeptide and beta-2 ...
Plasma Cells - Roitt`s Essential Immunology
... from the bone marrow does not occur prematurely, B-cell precursors are retained in the marrow by chemokines, specifically CXCL12 (Ma et al., 1999). Immature B cells, the final stage of development in the marrow and located closest to the central sinus, lose expression of CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine recepto ...
... from the bone marrow does not occur prematurely, B-cell precursors are retained in the marrow by chemokines, specifically CXCL12 (Ma et al., 1999). Immature B cells, the final stage of development in the marrow and located closest to the central sinus, lose expression of CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine recepto ...
IgG plasma cells display a unique spectrum of
... The lymphadenopathy and the presence of morphologically defined plasma cells observed in the cervical lymph nodes of E/P⫺/⫺ mice11 prompted us to investigate in detail the cellular composition of these lymph nodes. Total cell numbers from the E/P⫺/⫺ cervical lymph nodes were greatly increased compar ...
... The lymphadenopathy and the presence of morphologically defined plasma cells observed in the cervical lymph nodes of E/P⫺/⫺ mice11 prompted us to investigate in detail the cellular composition of these lymph nodes. Total cell numbers from the E/P⫺/⫺ cervical lymph nodes were greatly increased compar ...
T cell
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.