Blockade of ASC but not NLRP3 Inhibits DC Proliferation and T cell
... to unstimulated DCs; (D) MHCII, CD86 and CD80 expression on WT vs. ASC-deficient vs. NLRP3-deficient dendritic cells stimulated with LPS (1 μg/ml) or Pam (1 ug/mL) for 24 hr, and stained with MHCII, CD86 and CD80 antibodies and analyzed by FACS. This represents one of 3 identical experiments; (E) Ba ...
... to unstimulated DCs; (D) MHCII, CD86 and CD80 expression on WT vs. ASC-deficient vs. NLRP3-deficient dendritic cells stimulated with LPS (1 μg/ml) or Pam (1 ug/mL) for 24 hr, and stained with MHCII, CD86 and CD80 antibodies and analyzed by FACS. This represents one of 3 identical experiments; (E) Ba ...
past, present and future - British Society for Immunology
... Although human experiments are revealing, they are usually highly reliant on using the patient’s blood as a source of immune cells to measure effectiveness, whereas the real immunological action and effect happens in tissues that are inaccessible or hard to reach by conventional techniques. Again, n ...
... Although human experiments are revealing, they are usually highly reliant on using the patient’s blood as a source of immune cells to measure effectiveness, whereas the real immunological action and effect happens in tissues that are inaccessible or hard to reach by conventional techniques. Again, n ...
Trade-offs in antibody repertoires to complex antigens
... apoptose [16]. The GC reaction often terminates after a few dozen rounds of somatic hypermutation but may last for several weeks [18]. At the end of the GC reaction, average B-cell affinities have increased by several orders of magnitude [19]. This Darwinian process is known as affinity maturation. ...
... apoptose [16]. The GC reaction often terminates after a few dozen rounds of somatic hypermutation but may last for several weeks [18]. At the end of the GC reaction, average B-cell affinities have increased by several orders of magnitude [19]. This Darwinian process is known as affinity maturation. ...
Innate and adaptive immune responses in the lungs
... epithelial cells might also act as immune effector cells in response to harmful exogenous stimuli. Several studies have shown that airway epithelial cells express on their surface adhesion molecules and secrete various immune molecules such as cytokines, chemokines and other factors (6-11). Through ...
... epithelial cells might also act as immune effector cells in response to harmful exogenous stimuli. Several studies have shown that airway epithelial cells express on their surface adhesion molecules and secrete various immune molecules such as cytokines, chemokines and other factors (6-11). Through ...
Human embryonic epidermis contains a diverse Langerhans cell
... in the epidermis at any time point investigated (Fig. 3D, arrow; supplementary material Fig. S3, arrow), whereas CD34 was evident on dermal vessels in first trimester human skin (Fig. 3D, arrowhead; supplementary material Fig. S3, arrowhead). Intriguingly, CD45+CD34+ dermal cells were rarely detecta ...
... in the epidermis at any time point investigated (Fig. 3D, arrow; supplementary material Fig. S3, arrow), whereas CD34 was evident on dermal vessels in first trimester human skin (Fig. 3D, arrowhead; supplementary material Fig. S3, arrowhead). Intriguingly, CD45+CD34+ dermal cells were rarely detecta ...
Polarization of T Lymphocytes is Regulated by Mesenchymal Stem Cells in NZBWF1 and BALB/c Mice
... be useful in the repair or regeneration of damaged or mutated tissues [15,16]. Recently, several studies have shown an immunosuppressive effect of MSCs in vivo and in vitro although the exact mechanism is still unclear. The cultured MSCs do not express FAS ligand and immune phenotype, such as B7-1, ...
... be useful in the repair or regeneration of damaged or mutated tissues [15,16]. Recently, several studies have shown an immunosuppressive effect of MSCs in vivo and in vitro although the exact mechanism is still unclear. The cultured MSCs do not express FAS ligand and immune phenotype, such as B7-1, ...
Inflammatory Monocytes Activate Memory CD8+ T and
... similarly to natural killer (NK) cells (Chaix et al., 2008; Lucas et al., 2007; Nguyen et al., 2002), memory CD8+ T cells can respond to distinct inflammatory cytokines (Berg et al., 2003; Kambayashi et al., 2003; Kohlmeier et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2002; Yajima et al., 2005; Zhang et al., 1998). Up ...
... similarly to natural killer (NK) cells (Chaix et al., 2008; Lucas et al., 2007; Nguyen et al., 2002), memory CD8+ T cells can respond to distinct inflammatory cytokines (Berg et al., 2003; Kambayashi et al., 2003; Kohlmeier et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2002; Yajima et al., 2005; Zhang et al., 1998). Up ...
T-regulatory cells in ischemic injury.
... in IR 72 hours experiments we observed a regeneration pattern in both PC61 and IgG treated animals, but in the PC61 treated group there was a significant necrosis index (p<0.001), comparing with IgG treated group, suggesting that TCD4+CTLA4+FOXP3+ cell population could be important in a late phase o ...
... in IR 72 hours experiments we observed a regeneration pattern in both PC61 and IgG treated animals, but in the PC61 treated group there was a significant necrosis index (p<0.001), comparing with IgG treated group, suggesting that TCD4+CTLA4+FOXP3+ cell population could be important in a late phase o ...
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells: differentiation, specification, subphenotypes
... single-positive lineage. CD8+ Foxp3+ cells are normally very rare but IL-2 signal transducers Jak3 or STAT5 (ref. 2). However, most evidence can be observed in experimental conditions of thwarted selection of indicates that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is not required the CD4+ lineage16,28,2 ...
... single-positive lineage. CD8+ Foxp3+ cells are normally very rare but IL-2 signal transducers Jak3 or STAT5 (ref. 2). However, most evidence can be observed in experimental conditions of thwarted selection of indicates that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is not required the CD4+ lineage16,28,2 ...
dental stem cells and their potential role in regenrative
... the root dentin formation. [10] This tissue may be benefited by its collateral circulation, which enables it to survive during the process of pulp necrosis. Perhaps, after endodontic disinfection, these cells give rise to primary odontoblasts to complete the root formation. The discovery of SCAP may ...
... the root dentin formation. [10] This tissue may be benefited by its collateral circulation, which enables it to survive during the process of pulp necrosis. Perhaps, after endodontic disinfection, these cells give rise to primary odontoblasts to complete the root formation. The discovery of SCAP may ...
INTRODUCTION - HAL
... correlated with decreased production of most cytokines, such as TNF, IL-8 and IL-13 [55]. This NF-B activation, involving the NF-B RelA/p50 or RelA dimer complexes, seems to be responsible for the inhibition of IL-4 induction during the active phase of the disease. Indeed, overexpression of c-maf ...
... correlated with decreased production of most cytokines, such as TNF, IL-8 and IL-13 [55]. This NF-B activation, involving the NF-B RelA/p50 or RelA dimer complexes, seems to be responsible for the inhibition of IL-4 induction during the active phase of the disease. Indeed, overexpression of c-maf ...
Differential Effects of Polyamine Homologues on
... of DFMO on normal immune response. In contrast, only the longer chain homologue 1,5-diaminopentane overcame the effect of DFMO on tumor cell growth. These findings suggest that supplementation with selected polyamine homologues may sustain normal immune response in DFMOtreated individuals while effe ...
... of DFMO on normal immune response. In contrast, only the longer chain homologue 1,5-diaminopentane overcame the effect of DFMO on tumor cell growth. These findings suggest that supplementation with selected polyamine homologues may sustain normal immune response in DFMOtreated individuals while effe ...
Immunotoxicity derived from manipulating leukocytes with lipid
... interaction, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) bind to Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed by innate immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs). This promotes DC maturation and migration to the lymph nodes. (B) In the lymph nodes, matur ...
... interaction, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) bind to Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed by innate immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs). This promotes DC maturation and migration to the lymph nodes. (B) In the lymph nodes, matur ...
The Immune System.. - Lupus Research Institute
... Killer cell makes contact with target cell, trains its weapons on the target, then strikes. ...
... Killer cell makes contact with target cell, trains its weapons on the target, then strikes. ...
Immune System Pathways of the Innate and Adaptive Functions of
... Downloaded from http://www.jimmunol.org/ by guest on June 18, 2017 ...
... Downloaded from http://www.jimmunol.org/ by guest on June 18, 2017 ...
Regulatory T cells control tolerogenic versus autoimmune response
... by sperm antigens produced in the testis and released into interstitial tissue space of the inflamed epididymis. Therefore, tolerance can be induced by sperm antigens released from tissue with persistent inflammation. This finding is unexpected for vasectomy, but it is less unexpected from the viewpoin ...
... by sperm antigens produced in the testis and released into interstitial tissue space of the inflamed epididymis. Therefore, tolerance can be induced by sperm antigens released from tissue with persistent inflammation. This finding is unexpected for vasectomy, but it is less unexpected from the viewpoin ...
The Immune System
... The vertebrate is defended from infection the same way knights defended medieval cities. “Walls and moats” make entry difficult; “roaming patrols” attack strangers; and “sentries” challenge anyone wandering about and call patrols if a proper “ID” is not presented. 1. Walls and moats. The outermost l ...
... The vertebrate is defended from infection the same way knights defended medieval cities. “Walls and moats” make entry difficult; “roaming patrols” attack strangers; and “sentries” challenge anyone wandering about and call patrols if a proper “ID” is not presented. 1. Walls and moats. The outermost l ...
Chapter 4 Dendritic cells secrete and target MHC class II carrying
... Dendritic cells (DC) regulate the initiation of adaptive immune responses (reviewed in (1)) Pathogens that invade peripheral tissues are taken up by DC via endocytic mechanisms and transferred to endosomes/lysosomes for proteolytic processing, after which resulting peptides can be loaded onto Major ...
... Dendritic cells (DC) regulate the initiation of adaptive immune responses (reviewed in (1)) Pathogens that invade peripheral tissues are taken up by DC via endocytic mechanisms and transferred to endosomes/lysosomes for proteolytic processing, after which resulting peptides can be loaded onto Major ...
The decidua—the maternal bed embracing the embryo—maintains
... proliferative factors from endometrial cells, such as vascu la r endo th elial grow th fac to r A (V E G FA ), angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2), and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) [29]. P4 may also directly suppress ICAM-1 expression in HUVEC [30]; however, this effect seems to be minimal in vivo. VEGF is ...
... proliferative factors from endometrial cells, such as vascu la r endo th elial grow th fac to r A (V E G FA ), angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2), and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) [29]. P4 may also directly suppress ICAM-1 expression in HUVEC [30]; however, this effect seems to be minimal in vivo. VEGF is ...
The challenge of multiple sclerosis: How do we cure a chronic
... the adaptive immune system drives acute inflammatory events (attacks, gadolinium enhancement on MRI), whereas innate immunity drives progressive aspects of MS (Fig 3). This raises important questions regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of different stages of MS. Of note, there do not appear to ...
... the adaptive immune system drives acute inflammatory events (attacks, gadolinium enhancement on MRI), whereas innate immunity drives progressive aspects of MS (Fig 3). This raises important questions regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of different stages of MS. Of note, there do not appear to ...
T cell
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.