Butyrophilin and Butyrophilin- like genes and their role in
... consists of biochemical and cellular mechanisms that are in place even before infection and that provide a rapid non-specific response to invading pathogens. The main components of the innate immune system are physical and chemical barriers, phagocytic cells, dendritic cells (DCs), circulating plasm ...
... consists of biochemical and cellular mechanisms that are in place even before infection and that provide a rapid non-specific response to invading pathogens. The main components of the innate immune system are physical and chemical barriers, phagocytic cells, dendritic cells (DCs), circulating plasm ...
Organ-specific Autoimmune Disease: A Deficiency of
... anergy to poorly immunogenic antigens, recognition of B7 ligands by CTLA-4 is necessary to inhibit or terminate T cell activation (20, 21), and mice lacking CTLA-4 develop lethal T cell hyperactivation (22–24). In addition to tolerance mediated by cell-intrinsic responses of deletion and anergy, it ...
... anergy to poorly immunogenic antigens, recognition of B7 ligands by CTLA-4 is necessary to inhibit or terminate T cell activation (20, 21), and mice lacking CTLA-4 develop lethal T cell hyperactivation (22–24). In addition to tolerance mediated by cell-intrinsic responses of deletion and anergy, it ...
Immune suppression in cancer: Effects on immune cells
... vivo assays, such as proliferation, cytotoxicity or cytokine production in response to tumor-associated peptides, confirm these phenotypic data, although ex vivo responses to these epitopes are often weak and require in vitro sensitization (IVS) with antigen-presenting cells (APC) and exogenous cyto ...
... vivo assays, such as proliferation, cytotoxicity or cytokine production in response to tumor-associated peptides, confirm these phenotypic data, although ex vivo responses to these epitopes are often weak and require in vitro sensitization (IVS) with antigen-presenting cells (APC) and exogenous cyto ...
Role and therapeutic value of dendritic cells in central
... DC activity is a potential therapeutic approach for MS and other immune-mediated diseases, particularly for the re-establishment of antigen-specific tolerance. However, these drugs were not specifically designed to target DCs and obviously affect many cell types and biological processes in vivo, pot ...
... DC activity is a potential therapeutic approach for MS and other immune-mediated diseases, particularly for the re-establishment of antigen-specific tolerance. However, these drugs were not specifically designed to target DCs and obviously affect many cell types and biological processes in vivo, pot ...
Detection of surface immunoreactions on individual cells by
... attached to the secondary antibodies and substrates. We irradiated a light beam from a xenon lamp into the RBCs/PBS solution and measured the absorbance of the incident light of 405 nm in wavelength to evaluate the amount of antibodies attached to the surface of the RBCs. Note that we also added sec ...
... attached to the secondary antibodies and substrates. We irradiated a light beam from a xenon lamp into the RBCs/PBS solution and measured the absorbance of the incident light of 405 nm in wavelength to evaluate the amount of antibodies attached to the surface of the RBCs. Note that we also added sec ...
Long-lived plasma cells: a mechanism for maintaining persistent
... understand why affinity maturation ceases after a few weeks following vaccination and is resumed only after booster vaccination [15]. T h e role of these mechanisms in maintaining antibody responses after natural infection or vaccination therefore remains unresolved. A mechanism that does not exclud ...
... understand why affinity maturation ceases after a few weeks following vaccination and is resumed only after booster vaccination [15]. T h e role of these mechanisms in maintaining antibody responses after natural infection or vaccination therefore remains unresolved. A mechanism that does not exclud ...
Allergy - British Society for Immunology
... The most common way to diagnose an IgE-mediated allergy is through a blood test to identify allergenspecific IgE or a skin prick test which results in a local inflammatory reaction after administration of the trigger allergen. Allergies can range in severity from symptoms of mild discomfort to the l ...
... The most common way to diagnose an IgE-mediated allergy is through a blood test to identify allergenspecific IgE or a skin prick test which results in a local inflammatory reaction after administration of the trigger allergen. Allergies can range in severity from symptoms of mild discomfort to the l ...
Antibody-independent B cell effector functions in
... activators (aCD3)[58]. B cell-derived cytokines (LTa, TNFa and IL12) are critical for optimal T cell proliferation and differentiation into IFNg producing cells [15,58]. However, the requirement for these cytokines in antigen specific B-T interactions is not known. It is also unknown how B cells oper ...
... activators (aCD3)[58]. B cell-derived cytokines (LTa, TNFa and IL12) are critical for optimal T cell proliferation and differentiation into IFNg producing cells [15,58]. However, the requirement for these cytokines in antigen specific B-T interactions is not known. It is also unknown how B cells oper ...
Mathematical Models of Immune Responses Following Vaccination
... As described in 2.1.1, naive CD4 T cells undergo two distinct pathways of differentiation resulting in either T h1 or T h2 cells with characteristic sets of cytokines. T h1 cytokines are often referred to as pro-inflammatory cytokines while T h2 cytokines are counteracting anti-inflammatory cytokine ...
... As described in 2.1.1, naive CD4 T cells undergo two distinct pathways of differentiation resulting in either T h1 or T h2 cells with characteristic sets of cytokines. T h1 cytokines are often referred to as pro-inflammatory cytokines while T h2 cytokines are counteracting anti-inflammatory cytokine ...
Review Article Distinct Functions of Specialized
... and T-cell content [23]. A number of studies have demonstrated that the accumulation of activated T cells within atherosclerotic lesions, for example, triggered in response to MIF, was associated with an enhanced atherosclerotic plaque growth [30, 31]. CCL17 and CCL22 were previously shown to activa ...
... and T-cell content [23]. A number of studies have demonstrated that the accumulation of activated T cells within atherosclerotic lesions, for example, triggered in response to MIF, was associated with an enhanced atherosclerotic plaque growth [30, 31]. CCL17 and CCL22 were previously shown to activa ...
Macrophages induce an allergen-specific and long-term suppression in a mouse asthma model
... subset of chronically activated memory T-cells [1, 2]. The maintenance of immunological homeostasis in the respiratory tract requires finetuning of T-cell activation, in order to induce a sufficient inflammatory response against inhaled pathogens, while avoiding excessive responses. Increasing evide ...
... subset of chronically activated memory T-cells [1, 2]. The maintenance of immunological homeostasis in the respiratory tract requires finetuning of T-cell activation, in order to induce a sufficient inflammatory response against inhaled pathogens, while avoiding excessive responses. Increasing evide ...
Harnessing Their Therapeutic Potential Natural IgM in Immune
... The B-lineage compartment includes at least three distinct mature B cell subsets: B-1 that constitutively produce nIg, which is most often IgM, but can be IgG and IgA isotypes; marginal zone B cells that are responsible for responses to encapsulated organisms and their nonprotein Ags; and B-2 cells ...
... The B-lineage compartment includes at least three distinct mature B cell subsets: B-1 that constitutively produce nIg, which is most often IgM, but can be IgG and IgA isotypes; marginal zone B cells that are responsible for responses to encapsulated organisms and their nonprotein Ags; and B-2 cells ...
Regulation of type 2 immunity to helminths by mast cells
... cells was found to be sufficient for TSLP production and Th2 priming, signaling through the hematopoietic compartment was needed for optimal responses.19 In this study, dendritic cells were found to be the major hematopoietic cell population required. However, it is still possible that MCs may contr ...
... cells was found to be sufficient for TSLP production and Th2 priming, signaling through the hematopoietic compartment was needed for optimal responses.19 In this study, dendritic cells were found to be the major hematopoietic cell population required. However, it is still possible that MCs may contr ...
Document
... adult stem cells that includes dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs). These stem cells h ...
... adult stem cells that includes dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs). These stem cells h ...
Review
... that IL-17-secreting cells (Th-17) are the main pathogenic effector subset involved in the induction of inflammation and autoimmunity [58, 59]. During the past 2 years, multiple reports indicate a link between TRegs and Th17 cells. It has been demonstrated that, in vitro and in vivo, activation of T ...
... that IL-17-secreting cells (Th-17) are the main pathogenic effector subset involved in the induction of inflammation and autoimmunity [58, 59]. During the past 2 years, multiple reports indicate a link between TRegs and Th17 cells. It has been demonstrated that, in vitro and in vivo, activation of T ...
secondary immunological lysis in ehrlich`s ascites carcinoma
... that the object of the experiment,has been achieved as primary lysis, with subsequent fluid exudation, seems to have been avoided. The cytology supports this as only a minimal number of injured cells were found in the saline treated males. As primary lysis has been avoided in this group sensitisatio ...
... that the object of the experiment,has been achieved as primary lysis, with subsequent fluid exudation, seems to have been avoided. The cytology supports this as only a minimal number of injured cells were found in the saline treated males. As primary lysis has been avoided in this group sensitisatio ...
The Immune System
... processed in the thymus that identify the invading antigen & signal the immune system to activate B cells = “guard cells” *type of cell targeted by the HIV virus* ...
... processed in the thymus that identify the invading antigen & signal the immune system to activate B cells = “guard cells” *type of cell targeted by the HIV virus* ...
T-cell intrinsic expression of MyD88 is required for sustained
... GP33–41 peptide in vitro (Fig. 1b). A markedly reduced response was also observed for NP396–404-specific CD8+ T cells and GP61–80-specific CD4+ T cells (Fig. 1b). The impaired T-cell response in MyD882/2 mice was evident by 6 days p.i. and became even more pronounced with time, eventually resulting ...
... GP33–41 peptide in vitro (Fig. 1b). A markedly reduced response was also observed for NP396–404-specific CD8+ T cells and GP61–80-specific CD4+ T cells (Fig. 1b). The impaired T-cell response in MyD882/2 mice was evident by 6 days p.i. and became even more pronounced with time, eventually resulting ...
Normal cellular counterparts of B cell chronic
... Normal cellular counterparts of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia AS Freedman, AW Boyd, FR Bieber, J Daley, K Rosen, JC Horowitz, DN Levy and LM Nadler ...
... Normal cellular counterparts of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia AS Freedman, AW Boyd, FR Bieber, J Daley, K Rosen, JC Horowitz, DN Levy and LM Nadler ...
Role of Estrogen nuclear receptor (ER) in T helper cells
... the lymphocytes of adaptive immune response provide versatile form of defense and retain the immunological memory to mount the faster response on next encounter of pathogens. The lymphocyte population of adaptive immune system is mostly made up of Thymus derived Lymphocytes (T-lymphocytes), Bone mar ...
... the lymphocytes of adaptive immune response provide versatile form of defense and retain the immunological memory to mount the faster response on next encounter of pathogens. The lymphocyte population of adaptive immune system is mostly made up of Thymus derived Lymphocytes (T-lymphocytes), Bone mar ...
Chapter 15 Biogenesis and Functions of Exosomes and
... various types of proteins like major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules, costimulatory molecules, tetraspanins, proteases, cytokines, growth factors, and death ligands. In addition, EVs can also contain genetic information like mRNA and miRNA molecules and also active enzymes. ...
... various types of proteins like major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules, costimulatory molecules, tetraspanins, proteases, cytokines, growth factors, and death ligands. In addition, EVs can also contain genetic information like mRNA and miRNA molecules and also active enzymes. ...
Importance of the Candida albicans cell wall during
... collaborate with TLR2, perhaps by forming a co-receptor complex, which together amplify recognition responses triggered by the Syk kinase and TLR/MyD88 dependent pathways [22]. Dectin-1-b-glucan interactions are also critical for the activation of inflammasome complexes [23,24]. Phospholipomannan ...
... collaborate with TLR2, perhaps by forming a co-receptor complex, which together amplify recognition responses triggered by the Syk kinase and TLR/MyD88 dependent pathways [22]. Dectin-1-b-glucan interactions are also critical for the activation of inflammasome complexes [23,24]. Phospholipomannan ...
T cell
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.