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Tesi unita 08 - Padua@Research
... Efforts to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of T. pallidum virulence have been hampered by some of its characteristics, which make it difficult to be cultured in vitro. Little is know about how T. pallidum causes the syphilis, and in particular how T. pallidum survives within the host despite the ...
... Efforts to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of T. pallidum virulence have been hampered by some of its characteristics, which make it difficult to be cultured in vitro. Little is know about how T. pallidum causes the syphilis, and in particular how T. pallidum survives within the host despite the ...
cell-mediated immunity.
... is long-lived and develops naturally after infection. It can be activated (induced) by vaccination. Passive specific immunity is short-lived, it occurs when a person is given antibodies or when a mother transmits antibodies to her baby through breastfeeding. ...
... is long-lived and develops naturally after infection. It can be activated (induced) by vaccination. Passive specific immunity is short-lived, it occurs when a person is given antibodies or when a mother transmits antibodies to her baby through breastfeeding. ...
Presentazione di PowerPoint
... is long-lived and develops naturally after infection. It can be activated (induced) by vaccination. Passive specific immunity is short-lived, it occurs when a person is given antibodies or when a mother transmits antibodies to her baby through breastfeeding. ...
... is long-lived and develops naturally after infection. It can be activated (induced) by vaccination. Passive specific immunity is short-lived, it occurs when a person is given antibodies or when a mother transmits antibodies to her baby through breastfeeding. ...
18 DISEASES CAUSED BY IMMUNE RESPONSES
... hypersensitivity diseases is that the response is triggered and maintained inappropriately. Because the stimuli for these abnormal immune responses are difficult or impossible to eliminate (e.g., self antigens and persistent microbes), and the immune system has many built-in positive feedback loops ...
... hypersensitivity diseases is that the response is triggered and maintained inappropriately. Because the stimuli for these abnormal immune responses are difficult or impossible to eliminate (e.g., self antigens and persistent microbes), and the immune system has many built-in positive feedback loops ...
Lecture / notes (updated)
... 3. A helper T cell recognizes the antigen fragments and is activated. ...
... 3. A helper T cell recognizes the antigen fragments and is activated. ...
Perforin and interferon- activities independently
... immune surveillance is less obvious. Notably, in some models involving innate antitumor activity, natural killer (NK) celldepleted mice were often significantly more susceptible to tumor metastasis than pfp-deficient mice, despite the lack of activity of FasL or TNF against these tumors in vivo.8 Th ...
... immune surveillance is less obvious. Notably, in some models involving innate antitumor activity, natural killer (NK) celldepleted mice were often significantly more susceptible to tumor metastasis than pfp-deficient mice, despite the lack of activity of FasL or TNF against these tumors in vivo.8 Th ...
Gold, M.C., M.W. Munks, M. Wagner, C.W. McMahon, A. Kelly, D.G. Kavanagh, M.K. Slifka, U.H. Koszinowski, D.H. Raulet, and A.B. Hill. 2004. Murine cytomegalovirus interference with antigen presentation has little effect on the size or the effector memory phenotype of the CD8 T cell response. J Immunol 172:6944-6953.
... Thus, in the chronic phase of CMV infection in immunocompetent humans and mice, the size and phenotype of the CD8 T cell response may be the best indicator of virus activity. In this study, we report a series of experiments designed to assess the effect of VIPRs on the course of MCMV infection in B6 ...
... Thus, in the chronic phase of CMV infection in immunocompetent humans and mice, the size and phenotype of the CD8 T cell response may be the best indicator of virus activity. In this study, we report a series of experiments designed to assess the effect of VIPRs on the course of MCMV infection in B6 ...
Suppression of adaptive immunity to heterologous antigens during
... Malaria is the major parasitic disease of humans throughout the tropics and subtropics, mainly affecting children under 5 years of age and causing 500 million clinical cases and up to 2.7 million deaths each year [1]. In addition to infectioninduced mortality, malaria is also associated with publich ...
... Malaria is the major parasitic disease of humans throughout the tropics and subtropics, mainly affecting children under 5 years of age and causing 500 million clinical cases and up to 2.7 million deaths each year [1]. In addition to infectioninduced mortality, malaria is also associated with publich ...
The role of intestinal microbiota and the immune system
... in aberrant immune responses to innocuous antigens later in the life 31,32 with development of atopic diseases, defined as chronic inflammatory disorders caused by aberrant T-helper 2 (Th2)type immune responses against common innocuous environmental antigens (allergens) in susceptible individual33 ( ...
... in aberrant immune responses to innocuous antigens later in the life 31,32 with development of atopic diseases, defined as chronic inflammatory disorders caused by aberrant T-helper 2 (Th2)type immune responses against common innocuous environmental antigens (allergens) in susceptible individual33 ( ...
About and Key Statistics - American Cancer Society
... Newer drugs that work differently from standard chemo drugs are now being studied as well. These are known as targeted therapy drugs. Some of the types of targeted drugs that have shown promise against Hodgkin lymphoma in early studies include: Phosphatidyl-inositide 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, such ...
... Newer drugs that work differently from standard chemo drugs are now being studied as well. These are known as targeted therapy drugs. Some of the types of targeted drugs that have shown promise against Hodgkin lymphoma in early studies include: Phosphatidyl-inositide 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, such ...
TNF receptor 2 pathway: drug target for autoimmune diseases
... delicate balance between TNF’s pro-survival and apoptotic effects26, and emerging evidence indicates that these defects may potentially be exploited in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. For example, type 1 diabetes can be caused largely by protein processing defects40 that result in a failure to ...
... delicate balance between TNF’s pro-survival and apoptotic effects26, and emerging evidence indicates that these defects may potentially be exploited in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. For example, type 1 diabetes can be caused largely by protein processing defects40 that result in a failure to ...
Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces
... bacterial pathogen that enters the body through a skin wound, causing an innate immune response in the infected tissue that then leads to an adaptive immune response in the draining lymph node. The merits of this example are that it is simple and involves a tissue for which we have all observed the ...
... bacterial pathogen that enters the body through a skin wound, causing an innate immune response in the infected tissue that then leads to an adaptive immune response in the draining lymph node. The merits of this example are that it is simple and involves a tissue for which we have all observed the ...
Control of neutrophil inflammation at mucosal surfaces by secreted
... are lined with endothelial cells expressing ligands that facilitate leukocyte adhesion. Neutrophils move through the bloodstream at a high flow rate, and the initial tethering process serves to slow the neutrophil’s movement and allow it to “roll” along the endothelial cell surface in order to sampl ...
... are lined with endothelial cells expressing ligands that facilitate leukocyte adhesion. Neutrophils move through the bloodstream at a high flow rate, and the initial tethering process serves to slow the neutrophil’s movement and allow it to “roll” along the endothelial cell surface in order to sampl ...
Growth Hormone Synthesized and Secreted by Human Thymocytes
... had atrophic thymus glands. In recent years, reports have appeared suggesting that GH has numerous effects on the immune system, including the thymus (2). For example, GH reverses thymic atrophy and restores T cell-dependent functions in aged rats (3) and mice (4). GH also stimulates T cell prolifer ...
... had atrophic thymus glands. In recent years, reports have appeared suggesting that GH has numerous effects on the immune system, including the thymus (2). For example, GH reverses thymic atrophy and restores T cell-dependent functions in aged rats (3) and mice (4). GH also stimulates T cell prolifer ...
Cell-Extrinsic Immune - The Journal of Immunology
... received support from the observation that disease in CTLA42/2 mice was abrogated when the CD28 pathway was interrupted by blockade (7) or deficiency (8) of their shared ligands (CD80 and CD86). However, the widely held belief that CTLA-4 worked via a “negative signal” was called into question when ...
... received support from the observation that disease in CTLA42/2 mice was abrogated when the CD28 pathway was interrupted by blockade (7) or deficiency (8) of their shared ligands (CD80 and CD86). However, the widely held belief that CTLA-4 worked via a “negative signal” was called into question when ...
Malaria Pigment Enhances Expression of Maturation Markers on the
... present study was designed where APC (mDC and macrophages) were generated from bone marrow of BABL/c mice and subsequently the effect of both sHZ and nHz was investigated on mDC and macrophages. The model deemed suitable, as it was not reported earlier, to answer the unsettled functionality of APC a ...
... present study was designed where APC (mDC and macrophages) were generated from bone marrow of BABL/c mice and subsequently the effect of both sHZ and nHz was investigated on mDC and macrophages. The model deemed suitable, as it was not reported earlier, to answer the unsettled functionality of APC a ...
The Effects of Glutathione Depletion on the Immune System In the
... antigen-presenting cells ingesting and breaking down the pathogen in order to display a piece of foreign peptide on their surface. Glutathione is essential in the process of breaking disulfide bonds in order to digest the pathogen into fragments that can then bind with the MHC and be displayed (Ghez ...
... antigen-presenting cells ingesting and breaking down the pathogen in order to display a piece of foreign peptide on their surface. Glutathione is essential in the process of breaking disulfide bonds in order to digest the pathogen into fragments that can then bind with the MHC and be displayed (Ghez ...
IMMUNOLOGY LEARNING OBJECTIVES
... Produce and secrete cytokines: IL-2 (TH cell proliferation via binding IL-2 receptors that have also been Ag-induced = autocrine stimulation that expands Ag-selected T cell clone) Help activate B cells through contact mediated by adhesion molecules o Suppressor /Regulatory (T Reg) – dampen immun ...
... Produce and secrete cytokines: IL-2 (TH cell proliferation via binding IL-2 receptors that have also been Ag-induced = autocrine stimulation that expands Ag-selected T cell clone) Help activate B cells through contact mediated by adhesion molecules o Suppressor /Regulatory (T Reg) – dampen immun ...
Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy in kidney transplantation
... MSCs constitutively express low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, but do not express MHC class II and costimulatory molecules, including B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86) and CD40 [8], resulting in the absence of a HLA allogeneic barrier during their transplantation. Thus, t ...
... MSCs constitutively express low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, but do not express MHC class II and costimulatory molecules, including B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86) and CD40 [8], resulting in the absence of a HLA allogeneic barrier during their transplantation. Thus, t ...
Testicular defense systems: immune privilege and innate
... included the pregnant uterus and testis.8 The testis represents a distinct immunoprivileged site where both allo-antigens and immunogenic auto-antigens can be tolerated without evoking detrimental immune responses.9 Properties of testicular immune privilege The phenomenon of testicular immune privil ...
... included the pregnant uterus and testis.8 The testis represents a distinct immunoprivileged site where both allo-antigens and immunogenic auto-antigens can be tolerated without evoking detrimental immune responses.9 Properties of testicular immune privilege The phenomenon of testicular immune privil ...
Endotoxin can induce MyD88-deficient dendritic cells to support Th2
... immunity. A TLR-associated adapter protein, MyD88, is essential for cytokine production induced by TLR. However, in response to a TLR4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), MyD88-de®cient (MyD88±/±) DC can up-regulate co-stimulatory molecule expression and enhance their T cell stimulatory activity, indi ...
... immunity. A TLR-associated adapter protein, MyD88, is essential for cytokine production induced by TLR. However, in response to a TLR4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), MyD88-de®cient (MyD88±/±) DC can up-regulate co-stimulatory molecule expression and enhance their T cell stimulatory activity, indi ...
ABSTRACT - Johns Hopkins University
... post-vaccination time points to examine whether a vaccine-induced antibody response occurs and, if so, what tumor associated antigens (TAA) are targeted. Patients were divided into >3 year disease free survival (DFS) and < 3 year DFS groups for analysis. The 3 year cut off was chosen because patient ...
... post-vaccination time points to examine whether a vaccine-induced antibody response occurs and, if so, what tumor associated antigens (TAA) are targeted. Patients were divided into >3 year disease free survival (DFS) and < 3 year DFS groups for analysis. The 3 year cut off was chosen because patient ...
Positive and negative regulation of Natural Killer cells: Therapeutic
... responses, primarily through the production of IL-12 by the DCs which has been shown to stimulate both NK cell cytotoxicity and IFN-␥ production [15,16]. NK cell stimulation by DCs in mice is generally thought to occur through type I interferons (IFNs) for cytotoxity and IL-2 [17] or IL-15 and IL-12 ...
... responses, primarily through the production of IL-12 by the DCs which has been shown to stimulate both NK cell cytotoxicity and IFN-␥ production [15,16]. NK cell stimulation by DCs in mice is generally thought to occur through type I interferons (IFNs) for cytotoxity and IL-2 [17] or IL-15 and IL-12 ...
T cell
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Healthy_Human_T_Cell.jpg?width=300)
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.