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Immunology
... The lectin pathway is activated by the binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) to mannose residues on glycoproteins or carbohydrates on the surface of microorganisms including certain Salmonella, Listeria, and Neisseria strains, as well as Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. MBL is an acut ...
... The lectin pathway is activated by the binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) to mannose residues on glycoproteins or carbohydrates on the surface of microorganisms including certain Salmonella, Listeria, and Neisseria strains, as well as Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. MBL is an acut ...
• - Utrecht University Repository
... The human immune system is the product of aeons of evolution, which have brought forth a system that is both delicate in its regulatory mechanisms and powerful in its actions. In order to remain functional and effective, the immune system must be kept in balance. An immune response that is too harsh ...
... The human immune system is the product of aeons of evolution, which have brought forth a system that is both delicate in its regulatory mechanisms and powerful in its actions. In order to remain functional and effective, the immune system must be kept in balance. An immune response that is too harsh ...
Adhesion Proteins PCOL 582
... resting T cells. Chemokines produced by the antigenpresenting cell (APC) and signals induced by the TCR when it recognizes antigen both act on integrins and lead to their clustering and to conformational changes that increase the affinity of the integrins for their ligands. As a result, the integrin ...
... resting T cells. Chemokines produced by the antigenpresenting cell (APC) and signals induced by the TCR when it recognizes antigen both act on integrins and lead to their clustering and to conformational changes that increase the affinity of the integrins for their ligands. As a result, the integrin ...
Interaction of human mesenchymal stem cells with cells involved in
... derived human MSC can improve hematopoietic recovery in the setting of both autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation.2,6-8 MSC do not only have a favorable effect on engraftment of hematopoietic progenitors, but also display an important immunoregulatory activity. In f ...
... derived human MSC can improve hematopoietic recovery in the setting of both autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation.2,6-8 MSC do not only have a favorable effect on engraftment of hematopoietic progenitors, but also display an important immunoregulatory activity. In f ...
Cellular-mediated and humoral immunity in children with autism
... system is made up of several different parts; B-cells produce antibodies or immunoglobulins, T-cells are the cells involved in what is called cellular immunity13. The functions of the T-cells are to kill foreign tissue or tissues infected with virus, to produce lymphokines, which are large proteins ...
... system is made up of several different parts; B-cells produce antibodies or immunoglobulins, T-cells are the cells involved in what is called cellular immunity13. The functions of the T-cells are to kill foreign tissue or tissues infected with virus, to produce lymphokines, which are large proteins ...
Effects of intracellular and extracellular heat shock proteins on anti
... Host defense relies on a concerted action of both non-antigen specific innate immunity and antigen-specific adaptive immunity (Fearon et al. 1996; Medzhitov et al. 1997). Key features of the mammalian innate immune system include the ability (a) to rapidly recognize pathogen and/or tissue injury and ...
... Host defense relies on a concerted action of both non-antigen specific innate immunity and antigen-specific adaptive immunity (Fearon et al. 1996; Medzhitov et al. 1997). Key features of the mammalian innate immune system include the ability (a) to rapidly recognize pathogen and/or tissue injury and ...
TOLL-like receptors linking innate and adaptive immune response
... A key element in the initiation of an innate immune response against pathogens is the recognition of com- ...
... A key element in the initiation of an innate immune response against pathogens is the recognition of com- ...
On the intra-host dynamics of HIV
... population in blood to a low level. However, it seems impossible for the immune system to generate permanent immunity. The second phase of HIV infection is characterized by a long asymptomatic period between primary infection and the development of clinical immunodeficiency (acquired immunodeficiency ...
... population in blood to a low level. However, it seems impossible for the immune system to generate permanent immunity. The second phase of HIV infection is characterized by a long asymptomatic period between primary infection and the development of clinical immunodeficiency (acquired immunodeficiency ...
by Acceleration of Lymphocyte Homing the Number of Circulating
... widely used to reduce the side effects of individual immunosuppressants in clinical organ transplantation (7, 8). We previously reported that a potent immunosuppressive compound, ISP-I, and its derivatives, mycestericins, were isolated from the culture broth of Isaria sinclairii, a species of vegeta ...
... widely used to reduce the side effects of individual immunosuppressants in clinical organ transplantation (7, 8). We previously reported that a potent immunosuppressive compound, ISP-I, and its derivatives, mycestericins, were isolated from the culture broth of Isaria sinclairii, a species of vegeta ...
The phenotype of alveolar macrophages ... with immune cells in bronchoalveolar ...
... Distinct phenotypic subpopulations of AMs have recently been identified [15, 16]. Macrophages with properties of dendritic, phagocytic or suppressive cells may be separated on the basis of the eo-expression of membrane antigens RFD1, RFD7 and RFD9 [17, 18]. Other subpopulations of AMs can be disting ...
... Distinct phenotypic subpopulations of AMs have recently been identified [15, 16]. Macrophages with properties of dendritic, phagocytic or suppressive cells may be separated on the basis of the eo-expression of membrane antigens RFD1, RFD7 and RFD9 [17, 18]. Other subpopulations of AMs can be disting ...
MUCOSAL IMMUNITY IN THE RESPIRATORY TRACT: INTRACELLULAR PATHOGENS
... to the same antigen the immune system exhibits “immunologic memory” by means of inducing an immune response that is quicker and stronger than the first, and often more effective in neutralizing and clearing the pathogen. Also, because of this property of the adaptive immunity, the immune system can ...
... to the same antigen the immune system exhibits “immunologic memory” by means of inducing an immune response that is quicker and stronger than the first, and often more effective in neutralizing and clearing the pathogen. Also, because of this property of the adaptive immunity, the immune system can ...
Controlling a Chronic Viral Infection and Nucleic Acid
... during the control of chronic viral infections and how innate immune activation may influence pathogenesis. The innate immune system senses virus infection primarily, but not exclusively, through the recognition of viral nucleic acid. The main pattern recognition receptors involved in sensing of vir ...
... during the control of chronic viral infections and how innate immune activation may influence pathogenesis. The innate immune system senses virus infection primarily, but not exclusively, through the recognition of viral nucleic acid. The main pattern recognition receptors involved in sensing of vir ...
The regulation of B cell responses in systemic autoimmunity
... Our immune system is a complex network made up of physical barriers and specialized proteins, cells and organs that all work together to prevent pathogens from causing disease in the body. Once the immune system has successfully mounted an immune response upon intrusion of a pathogen it will mount a ...
... Our immune system is a complex network made up of physical barriers and specialized proteins, cells and organs that all work together to prevent pathogens from causing disease in the body. Once the immune system has successfully mounted an immune response upon intrusion of a pathogen it will mount a ...
Recent advances in IL
... In humans, a subset of CD4 T cells that specifically expresses IL-22 and is mainly found in tissues has been identified. Termed ‘Th22’ cells, these cells express the chemokine receptor CCR6, and the skin-homing receptors CCR4 and CCR10, allowing for localization to the skin (19, 20). They do not exp ...
... In humans, a subset of CD4 T cells that specifically expresses IL-22 and is mainly found in tissues has been identified. Termed ‘Th22’ cells, these cells express the chemokine receptor CCR6, and the skin-homing receptors CCR4 and CCR10, allowing for localization to the skin (19, 20). They do not exp ...
Danger Theory: The Link between AIS and IDS?
... goes beyond the self-nonself distinction because the HIS only discriminates ‘some self’ from ‘some nonself’. It could therefore be proposed that it is not the ‘foreignness’ of the invaders that is important for immune recognition, but the relative ‘danger’ of these invaders. This theory was first pr ...
... goes beyond the self-nonself distinction because the HIS only discriminates ‘some self’ from ‘some nonself’. It could therefore be proposed that it is not the ‘foreignness’ of the invaders that is important for immune recognition, but the relative ‘danger’ of these invaders. This theory was first pr ...
Murine Effector Cells Crosstalk between Human IgG Isotypes and
... and hFcgRIIIb–and one inhibitory FcgR–hFcgRIIb (2). Mice have three activating FcgRs–mouse FcgRI (mFcgRI), mFcgRIII, and mFcgRIV–and one inhibitory FcgR–mFcgRIIb (8). Because efficacy studies in mouse models are a crucial step in preclinical development, and it is important to reliably translate suc ...
... and hFcgRIIIb–and one inhibitory FcgR–hFcgRIIb (2). Mice have three activating FcgRs–mouse FcgRI (mFcgRI), mFcgRIII, and mFcgRIV–and one inhibitory FcgR–mFcgRIIb (8). Because efficacy studies in mouse models are a crucial step in preclinical development, and it is important to reliably translate suc ...
Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors: Positioning Cells for Host
... and CXCL12, which are produced by the thymic epithelium and neighboring structures. Doublenegative thymocytes are guided past the corticomedullary junction by CCR7- and CXCR4mediated signals. CCR9 expression then guides these cells into the subcapsular zone. Subsequent developmental progression from ...
... and CXCL12, which are produced by the thymic epithelium and neighboring structures. Doublenegative thymocytes are guided past the corticomedullary junction by CCR7- and CXCR4mediated signals. CCR9 expression then guides these cells into the subcapsular zone. Subsequent developmental progression from ...
Article
... are as competent as αβ T cells to protect mice from CMV-induced death. γδ T cell-mediated protection involved control of viral load and prevented organ damage. γδ T cell recovery by bone marrow transplant or adoptive transfer experiments rescued CD3ε−/− mice from CMVinduced death confirming the prot ...
... are as competent as αβ T cells to protect mice from CMV-induced death. γδ T cell-mediated protection involved control of viral load and prevented organ damage. γδ T cell recovery by bone marrow transplant or adoptive transfer experiments rescued CD3ε−/− mice from CMVinduced death confirming the prot ...
Aalborg Universitet immune cells
... Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used in flame retardant mixtures to reduce flammability in electronic equipment, upholstery, textiles, plastics, and building materials [1]. Commercial production of the lower brominated PentaBDE and OctaBDE mixtures was banned in the European Union (EU) in ...
... Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used in flame retardant mixtures to reduce flammability in electronic equipment, upholstery, textiles, plastics, and building materials [1]. Commercial production of the lower brominated PentaBDE and OctaBDE mixtures was banned in the European Union (EU) in ...
A Doctor`s Guide to a Healthy Immune System
... During antibody responses, B cells become activated and secrete antibodies, which are proteins known as immunoglobulins. These antibodies circulate in the bloodstream and other body fluids, where they bind specifically to the foreign antigens that stimulated their production. This binding process ca ...
... During antibody responses, B cells become activated and secrete antibodies, which are proteins known as immunoglobulins. These antibodies circulate in the bloodstream and other body fluids, where they bind specifically to the foreign antigens that stimulated their production. This binding process ca ...
Short-term stress experienced at time of immunization induces a
... immunization induces a long-lasting increase in immunity. Compared with controls, mice restrained for 2.5 h before primary immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) show a significantly enhanced immune response when reexposed to KLH 9 mo later. This immunoenhancement is mediated by an increa ...
... immunization induces a long-lasting increase in immunity. Compared with controls, mice restrained for 2.5 h before primary immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) show a significantly enhanced immune response when reexposed to KLH 9 mo later. This immunoenhancement is mediated by an increa ...
Secretion by Human Monocytes Inducers of
... of cultures stimulated with STF, appearing between 2 and 4 h after stimulation (Fig. 2A). This was followed at 4 to 6 h by production of IL-1b (Fig. 2B). IL-10 production could not be detected until 24 h after stimulation (Fig. 2C). Similar to IL-10 production, IFN-g secretion was generally not seen ...
... of cultures stimulated with STF, appearing between 2 and 4 h after stimulation (Fig. 2A). This was followed at 4 to 6 h by production of IL-1b (Fig. 2B). IL-10 production could not be detected until 24 h after stimulation (Fig. 2C). Similar to IL-10 production, IFN-g secretion was generally not seen ...
In Vivo CD40-gp39 Interactions Are Essential for Thymus
... red blood cell (SRBC) response for at least 3 wk and inhibited the expression of all immunoglobulin isotypes in secondary responses to the protein antigen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin. To examine the direct effect of anti-gp39 on Th function, SRBC-immune Th cells from anti-gp39-treated mice were adopt ...
... red blood cell (SRBC) response for at least 3 wk and inhibited the expression of all immunoglobulin isotypes in secondary responses to the protein antigen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin. To examine the direct effect of anti-gp39 on Th function, SRBC-immune Th cells from anti-gp39-treated mice were adopt ...
T cell
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Healthy_Human_T_Cell.jpg?width=300)
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.