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Epithelial antimicrobial peptides and proteins: their role in
... system, the observation that neutrophil products such as neutrophil elastase and defensins modulate SLPI and elafin production in bronchial epithelial cells suggests another mechanism for fine-tuning the composition of the antimicrobial screen.12 Epithelial repair may be associated with increased ex ...
... system, the observation that neutrophil products such as neutrophil elastase and defensins modulate SLPI and elafin production in bronchial epithelial cells suggests another mechanism for fine-tuning the composition of the antimicrobial screen.12 Epithelial repair may be associated with increased ex ...
Innate Immune Cells in Liver Inflammation
... pathways: the classical, alternative, and mannose-binding lectin pathway. Its activation is initiated by the binding of one or more molecules of the above pathways on the surface of the target cells. The classical pathway destroys antibodycoated targets, apoptotic cells, Gram-negative bacteria, and ...
... pathways: the classical, alternative, and mannose-binding lectin pathway. Its activation is initiated by the binding of one or more molecules of the above pathways on the surface of the target cells. The classical pathway destroys antibodycoated targets, apoptotic cells, Gram-negative bacteria, and ...
Macrophages and Dendritic Cells
... receptor (DTR) mice induces FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) secretion from yet unknown cells, which in turn initiates the expansion of pre-cDCs and cDCs in lymphoid tissues.39 Ablation of cDCs in CD11c-DTR mice led to a loss of Tregs and increased interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17 ...
... receptor (DTR) mice induces FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) secretion from yet unknown cells, which in turn initiates the expansion of pre-cDCs and cDCs in lymphoid tissues.39 Ablation of cDCs in CD11c-DTR mice led to a loss of Tregs and increased interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17 ...
29 - California State University, Stanislaus
... Are coded for by genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and are unique to an individual ...
... Are coded for by genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and are unique to an individual ...
Vaccine development strategies Plasmodium falciparum
... Common safety issues deal with balancing the adjuvant efficacy against its toxicity, and tuning of antigen dosage in order not to induce tolerance. All licensed vaccines today sort under either the first generation of vaccines, which are based on attenuated or killed pathogens, or the second generat ...
... Common safety issues deal with balancing the adjuvant efficacy against its toxicity, and tuning of antigen dosage in order not to induce tolerance. All licensed vaccines today sort under either the first generation of vaccines, which are based on attenuated or killed pathogens, or the second generat ...
The Immune System - Wiley-VCH
... immunity can sense the presence of infectious agents. Consequent inflammation enables blood-borne innate effector cells and molecules to enter the tissue. (a) Dendritic cells (DC) at the site of infection sense the presence of an infectious agent and capture molecules (antigens) from it. (b) They mi ...
... immunity can sense the presence of infectious agents. Consequent inflammation enables blood-borne innate effector cells and molecules to enter the tissue. (a) Dendritic cells (DC) at the site of infection sense the presence of an infectious agent and capture molecules (antigens) from it. (b) They mi ...
the lymphatic system and immunity
... Plasma cells secrete antibodies specific for the particular antigen that stimulated the response. Antibodies bind to the antigen and deactivate it, thus marking it for destruction. Memory B cells remain in the lymphoid tissues and initiate an anamnestic (secondary) response so that the pathogens are ...
... Plasma cells secrete antibodies specific for the particular antigen that stimulated the response. Antibodies bind to the antigen and deactivate it, thus marking it for destruction. Memory B cells remain in the lymphoid tissues and initiate an anamnestic (secondary) response so that the pathogens are ...
Epithelial microRNAs regulate gut mucosal immunity via epithelium
... Colonic homeostasis entails epithelium-lymphocyte cooperation, yet many participants in this process are unknown. We show here that epithelial microRNAs mediate the mucosa–immune system crosstalk necessary for mounting protective T helper type 2 (TH2) responses. Abolishing the induction of microRNA ...
... Colonic homeostasis entails epithelium-lymphocyte cooperation, yet many participants in this process are unknown. We show here that epithelial microRNAs mediate the mucosa–immune system crosstalk necessary for mounting protective T helper type 2 (TH2) responses. Abolishing the induction of microRNA ...
Protective influenza-specific CD8 T cell responses require
... in the lungs increases 3–4-fold from day 0 to 6 a.i. Our previous studies have demonstrated that a lethal dose of influenza virus infection induces rapid, but transient, DC migration from the lungs to the LN (6). Consistent with our previous work, rDC migration into the LN after a sublethal influenz ...
... in the lungs increases 3–4-fold from day 0 to 6 a.i. Our previous studies have demonstrated that a lethal dose of influenza virus infection induces rapid, but transient, DC migration from the lungs to the LN (6). Consistent with our previous work, rDC migration into the LN after a sublethal influenz ...
Immune Senescence A Role for Immature Myeloid Cells in
... showed that increased percentages of activated Gr1+CD11b+ cells from aged donors produced TNF-a, IL-6, or IL-12(p40) and a lower percentage of activated Gr1+CD11b+ cells generated antiinflammatory IL-10 compared with those of LPS-stimulated splenocytes from young mice (Fig. 2A). The studies presente ...
... showed that increased percentages of activated Gr1+CD11b+ cells from aged donors produced TNF-a, IL-6, or IL-12(p40) and a lower percentage of activated Gr1+CD11b+ cells generated antiinflammatory IL-10 compared with those of LPS-stimulated splenocytes from young mice (Fig. 2A). The studies presente ...
A dissection of T cell receptor signaling pathways
... Figure 4.2. Flowchart of the procedure for stimulating T cells in the RWV. ............................................... 46 Figure 4.3. Site-specific tyrosine phosphorylation of select TCR signaling molecules. ............................... 53 Figure 4.4. Site-specific tyrosine phosphorylation of ...
... Figure 4.2. Flowchart of the procedure for stimulating T cells in the RWV. ............................................... 46 Figure 4.3. Site-specific tyrosine phosphorylation of select TCR signaling molecules. ............................... 53 Figure 4.4. Site-specific tyrosine phosphorylation of ...
Islet inflammation in human type 1 diabetes
... On this basis, it will already be clear that a detailed study of the cellular aetiology of T1D in humans is not a trivial matter and the quest to provide a more complete picture continues. In particular, consortia around the world are collaborating to develop new collections of samples which build o ...
... On this basis, it will already be clear that a detailed study of the cellular aetiology of T1D in humans is not a trivial matter and the quest to provide a more complete picture continues. In particular, consortia around the world are collaborating to develop new collections of samples which build o ...
Mycobacterium bovis Subsets following Infection with Virulent T Cell
... itself in this recognition. In this study, we demonstrate that both WC1.1+ and WC1.2+ bovine gd T cell subsets from virulent M. bovis–infected animals proliferate and produce IFN-g in specific and direct response to complex, as well as defined, nonprotein and protein mycobacterial Ags but that WC1.2 ...
... itself in this recognition. In this study, we demonstrate that both WC1.1+ and WC1.2+ bovine gd T cell subsets from virulent M. bovis–infected animals proliferate and produce IFN-g in specific and direct response to complex, as well as defined, nonprotein and protein mycobacterial Ags but that WC1.2 ...
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV
... to increase the number of HTLV-I-infected cells work efficiently in most carriers without any adverse effects. However, the increased number of infected cells causes an excess immune reaction, leading to inflammatory diseases, HAM/TSP, infective dermatitis [61] or HTLV-I-associated uveitis [62]. Mor ...
... to increase the number of HTLV-I-infected cells work efficiently in most carriers without any adverse effects. However, the increased number of infected cells causes an excess immune reaction, leading to inflammatory diseases, HAM/TSP, infective dermatitis [61] or HTLV-I-associated uveitis [62]. Mor ...
In Vitro Antigen-induced Antibody Responses to Hepatitis B Surface
... secreted anti-HBs IgG was detectable at this point (P > 0.2). There was, however, a striking induction of anti-HBs IgG production by HBsAg (P < 0.01). This antigen-induced antiHBs IgG response was not part of an overall polyclonal response because the total amounts of IgG in the unstimulated (contro ...
... secreted anti-HBs IgG was detectable at this point (P > 0.2). There was, however, a striking induction of anti-HBs IgG production by HBsAg (P < 0.01). This antigen-induced antiHBs IgG response was not part of an overall polyclonal response because the total amounts of IgG in the unstimulated (contro ...
The intestinal barrier function and its involvement in digestive disease
... by the intestinal epithelium derive from the presence of other cells specialized in mucus secretion (Goblet cells), defensin secretion (Paneth cells), hormone and neuropeptide secretion (enterochromaffin cells), and antigen uptake from the bowel lumen, the latter on the surface of lymphoid aggregate ...
... by the intestinal epithelium derive from the presence of other cells specialized in mucus secretion (Goblet cells), defensin secretion (Paneth cells), hormone and neuropeptide secretion (enterochromaffin cells), and antigen uptake from the bowel lumen, the latter on the surface of lymphoid aggregate ...
Chapter 15 The Lymphatic System and Immunity
... Immune System Cells – Development of B cells • Second stage—activated B cell – contact with antigens, bind to antibodies, plus signal chemicals from T cells – B cell then divides and forms two clones of cells— plasma (effector) cells and memory cells – Plasma cells secrete antibodies into blood; me ...
... Immune System Cells – Development of B cells • Second stage—activated B cell – contact with antigens, bind to antibodies, plus signal chemicals from T cells – B cell then divides and forms two clones of cells— plasma (effector) cells and memory cells – Plasma cells secrete antibodies into blood; me ...
Document
... become activated, it must first encounter a macrophage displaying the antigen on its major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins; if the antigen fits the helper T cell’s antigen receptor, it becomes activated and stimulates B cells to produce antibodies. ...
... become activated, it must first encounter a macrophage displaying the antigen on its major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins; if the antigen fits the helper T cell’s antigen receptor, it becomes activated and stimulates B cells to produce antibodies. ...
Chapter 16
... of virus mutants and the diverse population of HIV-specific helper T cell V regions. This constitutes a non-linear selection process, the outcome of which can depend sharply on initial conditions. There is also a higher level, non-linear selection process of the HIV species present within population ...
... of virus mutants and the diverse population of HIV-specific helper T cell V regions. This constitutes a non-linear selection process, the outcome of which can depend sharply on initial conditions. There is also a higher level, non-linear selection process of the HIV species present within population ...
Lymphatic/Immune System
... become activated, it must first encounter a macrophage displaying the antigen on its major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins; if the antigen fits the helper T cell’s antigen receptor, it becomes activated and stimulates B cells to produce antibodies. ...
... become activated, it must first encounter a macrophage displaying the antigen on its major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins; if the antigen fits the helper T cell’s antigen receptor, it becomes activated and stimulates B cells to produce antibodies. ...
Doctoral thesis from the Department of Immunology, the Wenner-Gren
... Malaria antigen-induced polarization of T cells into effectors Th1 and/or Th2 cells and their subsequent release of cytokines is known to affect antibody production. This thesis includes studies on early innate responses to the parasite, with a focus on γδT cells, and acquired specific responses in ...
... Malaria antigen-induced polarization of T cells into effectors Th1 and/or Th2 cells and their subsequent release of cytokines is known to affect antibody production. This thesis includes studies on early innate responses to the parasite, with a focus on γδT cells, and acquired specific responses in ...
T cell
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Healthy_Human_T_Cell.jpg?width=300)
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.