![Expression of CD1d in human scalp skin and hair follicles: hair cycle](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002941586_1-0b5966d300a00e68f3f310642736a019-300x300.png)
Expression of CD1d in human scalp skin and hair follicles: hair cycle
... Our current study revealed that CD1d is prominently expressed in the epithelial compartment of anagen VI hair follicles, mainly in ORS and IRS keratinocytes, melanocytes, and some corteocytes. This could mean that CD1d plays an important role in supporting the anagen phase by inhibiting apoptosis,12 ...
... Our current study revealed that CD1d is prominently expressed in the epithelial compartment of anagen VI hair follicles, mainly in ORS and IRS keratinocytes, melanocytes, and some corteocytes. This could mean that CD1d plays an important role in supporting the anagen phase by inhibiting apoptosis,12 ...
Three cheers for the goblet cell: maintaining homeostasis in
... genitourinary system, upper and lower respiratory tract and ocular surface are all vastly distinct tissues functionally, but they share common mucosal features. ...
... genitourinary system, upper and lower respiratory tract and ocular surface are all vastly distinct tissues functionally, but they share common mucosal features. ...
Crossed signals: the role of interleukin-15 and
... H. P. Carroll1, V. Paunović1 and M. Gadina1 Several cytokines are involved in the complex processes ultimately leading to autoimmune diseases. In a preceding review, we have already discussed the role of the IL-12 and -17 families of cytokines. This review is focused on IL-15 and -18. Both these mo ...
... H. P. Carroll1, V. Paunović1 and M. Gadina1 Several cytokines are involved in the complex processes ultimately leading to autoimmune diseases. In a preceding review, we have already discussed the role of the IL-12 and -17 families of cytokines. This review is focused on IL-15 and -18. Both these mo ...
The role of senescent cells in ageing
... inducers of senescence include epigenetic, nucleolar and mitotic spindle stresses (Fig. 1). For example, genome-wide chromatin decompression by exposure to histone deacetylase inhibitors triggers senescence via a p21dependent mechanism29. A key target of epigenetic stressors that promote senescence ...
... inducers of senescence include epigenetic, nucleolar and mitotic spindle stresses (Fig. 1). For example, genome-wide chromatin decompression by exposure to histone deacetylase inhibitors triggers senescence via a p21dependent mechanism29. A key target of epigenetic stressors that promote senescence ...
Failure of T cell immunity
... always fully representative of the in vivo situation. On the other hand, cells obtained from chronically infected patients show very similar deficiencies compared to the ‘stunned’ T-cells16. These T cells are characterized as exhausted T-cells, signified through their inability to produce effector ...
... always fully representative of the in vivo situation. On the other hand, cells obtained from chronically infected patients show very similar deficiencies compared to the ‘stunned’ T-cells16. These T cells are characterized as exhausted T-cells, signified through their inability to produce effector ...
Distinct NKT Cell Subsets Are Induced by Different Chlamydia
... detected in the serum of up to 70% of healthy human beings implying that most individuals have had contact with these organisms (22). More recently, C. pneumoniae has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis (23–25). ...
... detected in the serum of up to 70% of healthy human beings implying that most individuals have had contact with these organisms (22). More recently, C. pneumoniae has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis (23–25). ...
Humoral and cellular immune responses induced by the urease
... insects (unpublished data). Furthermore, high doses of the peptide are not toxic to mice and rats when given orally [10] making Jaburetox a promising tool for rational insect control. Notwithstanding, the peptide’s toxic mechanism of action in insects is still poorly understood. Although much simple ...
... insects (unpublished data). Furthermore, high doses of the peptide are not toxic to mice and rats when given orally [10] making Jaburetox a promising tool for rational insect control. Notwithstanding, the peptide’s toxic mechanism of action in insects is still poorly understood. Although much simple ...
VacA`s Induction of VacA-Containing Vacuoles (VCVs) and Their
... the inflamed area in the gastric submucosa, the fight of H. pylori for survival and persistence begins. This can, unfortunately, worsen the disease state, as the adaptive immune response is known for its collateral damage by the production of cytokines from effector cells [29]. Due to H. pylori’s lo ...
... the inflamed area in the gastric submucosa, the fight of H. pylori for survival and persistence begins. This can, unfortunately, worsen the disease state, as the adaptive immune response is known for its collateral damage by the production of cytokines from effector cells [29]. Due to H. pylori’s lo ...
Infection T Cell Response during Chronic Viral +CD8 Exhaustion
... Christina Bartholdy, Anette Stryhn,2 Jan Pravsgaard Christensen, and Allan Randrup Thomsen3 ...
... Christina Bartholdy, Anette Stryhn,2 Jan Pravsgaard Christensen, and Allan Randrup Thomsen3 ...
Infection Leishmania major Immunity Against JNK1 Is Required for T
... an ongoing infection, we measured levels of NO2⫺ release following different types of stimulation. As shown in Fig. 3, macrophages from Jnk1⫺/⫺ were as competent as macrophages isolated from wild-type control mice to produce NO2⫺, suggesting no primary defect in their function. We then investigated ...
... an ongoing infection, we measured levels of NO2⫺ release following different types of stimulation. As shown in Fig. 3, macrophages from Jnk1⫺/⫺ were as competent as macrophages isolated from wild-type control mice to produce NO2⫺, suggesting no primary defect in their function. We then investigated ...
LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-MEDIATED REGULATION OF IL-17 RECEPTOR LEVELS IN HUMAN MONOCYTES
... maintaining immune system homeostasis and tolerating self-antigens. ...
... maintaining immune system homeostasis and tolerating self-antigens. ...
Immune regulation by the peripheral lymphatics
... (TFGβ), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)18,37,45-60. Importantly, the responses to these secondary activation signals also appear to be stimulus-specific. One paper described unique effector responses observed to TNFα, IL-1β, or IFNγ stimulation in vitro, including the selective upregulation ...
... (TFGβ), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)18,37,45-60. Importantly, the responses to these secondary activation signals also appear to be stimulus-specific. One paper described unique effector responses observed to TNFα, IL-1β, or IFNγ stimulation in vitro, including the selective upregulation ...
The New England Journal of Medicine Volume 336 - hem
... aplastic anemia,49 and a more specific HLA haplotype has been linked to the disorder in Japanese patients.50 Some HLA antigens may be much more common in subgroups of patients with aplastic anemia — for example, in those who respond to cyclosporine50 or those who have bone marrow failure after hepat ...
... aplastic anemia,49 and a more specific HLA haplotype has been linked to the disorder in Japanese patients.50 Some HLA antigens may be much more common in subgroups of patients with aplastic anemia — for example, in those who respond to cyclosporine50 or those who have bone marrow failure after hepat ...
The immune response during hepatitis B virus infection
... inability to detect activation of genes related to innate immunity is a reflection of the mild profile of disease. Still, the striking difference between the early detection of type I IFN activation during early phases of HCV infection in chimpanzees (Bigger et al., 2001; Su et al., 2002) and its ab ...
... inability to detect activation of genes related to innate immunity is a reflection of the mild profile of disease. Still, the striking difference between the early detection of type I IFN activation during early phases of HCV infection in chimpanzees (Bigger et al., 2001; Su et al., 2002) and its ab ...
The avian lung-associated immune system: a review
... system. In this review the basic features of this system are described and their functional properties discussed. Most prominent in the avian lung is the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) which is located at the junctions between the primary bronchus and the caudal secondary bronchi. BALT n ...
... system. In this review the basic features of this system are described and their functional properties discussed. Most prominent in the avian lung is the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) which is located at the junctions between the primary bronchus and the caudal secondary bronchi. BALT n ...
... alter the antigenicity of peptides presented by class I major histocompatibility complex molecules (7, 13). This is the first time that a protective factor against LeTx of B. anthracis has been demonstrated in human serum. These observations demonstrate an unrecognized contribution of the innate imm ...
MHC
... alleles involves amino acid residues located in and around the peptide-binding groove. As a result, each allelic form has its own unique peptidebinding properties. Affect the ability to make immune responses (e.g. resistance or susceptibility to infectious ...
... alleles involves amino acid residues located in and around the peptide-binding groove. As a result, each allelic form has its own unique peptidebinding properties. Affect the ability to make immune responses (e.g. resistance or susceptibility to infectious ...
COMPARISON OF CYCLOSPORIN A WITH MITOMYCINC AND GAMMA
... between donor and recipient. First introduced in 1966, this method involves the coculture of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of the donor and the recipient for a period of 6 to 7 days: antigen disparities, primarily in the HLA-DR region, stimulate proliferation of the responding cells, which i ...
... between donor and recipient. First introduced in 1966, this method involves the coculture of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of the donor and the recipient for a period of 6 to 7 days: antigen disparities, primarily in the HLA-DR region, stimulate proliferation of the responding cells, which i ...
Neuropathy in a mouse model of CD8+ T cell
... response against an antigen [1]. Without costimulation, TCR activation alone may lead to an unresponsive T cell state known as anergy [2]. The B7 family consists of many costimulatory ligands, but the most rigorously documented and most relevant costimulatory ligands to L31 mice are the B7.1 and B7. ...
... response against an antigen [1]. Without costimulation, TCR activation alone may lead to an unresponsive T cell state known as anergy [2]. The B7 family consists of many costimulatory ligands, but the most rigorously documented and most relevant costimulatory ligands to L31 mice are the B7.1 and B7. ...
Reprint - Immune Tolerance Network
... mediated by Tregs in the graft. The establishment of linked suppression requires that the new antigen and the antigen the host is already tolerant to are present in the same graft. Thus, immune tolerance to transplant antigens mediated by Tregs is highly specific and highly localized. Despite their ...
... mediated by Tregs in the graft. The establishment of linked suppression requires that the new antigen and the antigen the host is already tolerant to are present in the same graft. Thus, immune tolerance to transplant antigens mediated by Tregs is highly specific and highly localized. Despite their ...
Role of PD-1 co-inhibitory pathway in HIV Linköping University Post Print
... PD-1 is induced on T cells upon TCR stimulation. The PD-1–PD-L pathway is central in the interaction between host defenses aimed at eradicating pathogenic microbes and microbial strategies that evolved to resist immune responses. During acute viral infection or vaccination, effective antiviral T cel ...
... PD-1 is induced on T cells upon TCR stimulation. The PD-1–PD-L pathway is central in the interaction between host defenses aimed at eradicating pathogenic microbes and microbial strategies that evolved to resist immune responses. During acute viral infection or vaccination, effective antiviral T cel ...
T cell
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Healthy_Human_T_Cell.jpg?width=300)
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.