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Palmitic Acid Activation of Dendritic Cells
... proud, and to strive to attain the potential that you see in me. I would also like to thank my committee members for their guidance and advice. All of you have pushed me to master my research subject areas and to strive for excellence in all I do. I want to thank the past and present members of the ...
... proud, and to strive to attain the potential that you see in me. I would also like to thank my committee members for their guidance and advice. All of you have pushed me to master my research subject areas and to strive for excellence in all I do. I want to thank the past and present members of the ...
ABSTRACT
... the structure to evade innate immunity [4]. There are several types of PRRs, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Nods/NALPs, mannose receptors, and scavenger receptors [5]. These receptors have different functions. Mannose receptors and scavenger receptors improve phagocytosis, allowing microbes t ...
... the structure to evade innate immunity [4]. There are several types of PRRs, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Nods/NALPs, mannose receptors, and scavenger receptors [5]. These receptors have different functions. Mannose receptors and scavenger receptors improve phagocytosis, allowing microbes t ...
Exosomes: secreted vesicles and intercellular
... In pluricellular organisms, cells communicate with each other via extracellular molecules such as nucleotides, lipids, short peptides, or proteins. These molecules are released extracellularly by cells and bind to receptors on other cells, thus inducing intracellular signaling and modification of th ...
... In pluricellular organisms, cells communicate with each other via extracellular molecules such as nucleotides, lipids, short peptides, or proteins. These molecules are released extracellularly by cells and bind to receptors on other cells, thus inducing intracellular signaling and modification of th ...
Cytokine responses in metal-induced allergic contact in Jacob Taku Minang
... other functions upon activation (Mosmann et al., 1986). The concept subsequently was applied to human immunity (Mosmann and Coffman, 1989). Both the Th1 and Th2 subsets are produced from a non-committed population of precursor (naïve) T cells (Lafaille, 1998). The Th1/Th2 concept rests largely on a ...
... other functions upon activation (Mosmann et al., 1986). The concept subsequently was applied to human immunity (Mosmann and Coffman, 1989). Both the Th1 and Th2 subsets are produced from a non-committed population of precursor (naïve) T cells (Lafaille, 1998). The Th1/Th2 concept rests largely on a ...
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... (Ruben, 1970), which involved implantation of lymphoreticular tumor foci along with normal tissues into the tails of larval Xenopus. These experiments had indicated that lymphocytic destruction of the normal tissue allografts proceeded as a progessive, chronic phenomenon. Among the possible interpre ...
... (Ruben, 1970), which involved implantation of lymphoreticular tumor foci along with normal tissues into the tails of larval Xenopus. These experiments had indicated that lymphocytic destruction of the normal tissue allografts proceeded as a progessive, chronic phenomenon. Among the possible interpre ...
Mediated by Heat Shock Factor-1 (HSF1) Protective Stress
... at fever temperatures (27). One of the most widely studied genes controlled by HSF1 is the inducible form of HSP70 (HSP70i). HSP70i has been shown to be regulated by HSF1 whereas a related constitutive form of HSP70 (HSC70) is not (20). HSP70 has numerous effects on the immune system. As a chaperone ...
... at fever temperatures (27). One of the most widely studied genes controlled by HSF1 is the inducible form of HSP70 (HSP70i). HSP70i has been shown to be regulated by HSF1 whereas a related constitutive form of HSP70 (HSC70) is not (20). HSP70 has numerous effects on the immune system. As a chaperone ...
Dendritic cells in progressive renal disease: some answers, many
... local tissue injury. Similar events occur in recurrent exposure to the antigen, when effector memory T cells recognize an antigen in the periphery presented by APCs to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity-like responses and recruit and activate other inflammatory cells. There are a number of subtypes ...
... local tissue injury. Similar events occur in recurrent exposure to the antigen, when effector memory T cells recognize an antigen in the periphery presented by APCs to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity-like responses and recruit and activate other inflammatory cells. There are a number of subtypes ...
Induction of Th2 type immunity in a mouse system
... The cytokine environment plays a key role in determining processes of naive CD4 T-cell differentiation.1 IL-12, primarily produced by activated antigen-presenting cells, promotes development of Th1 type effector CD4 T cells. On the other hand, IL-4 is important for Th2 differentiation of naive CD4 T ...
... The cytokine environment plays a key role in determining processes of naive CD4 T-cell differentiation.1 IL-12, primarily produced by activated antigen-presenting cells, promotes development of Th1 type effector CD4 T cells. On the other hand, IL-4 is important for Th2 differentiation of naive CD4 T ...
Innate immune responses of human tracheal epithelium to
... 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00166.2005.—We measured innate immune responses by primary human tracheal epithelial (HTE) cells grown as confluent, pseudostratified layers during exposure to inflammatory activators on apical vs. basolateral surfaces. Apical Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAK (but not flag ...
... 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00166.2005.—We measured innate immune responses by primary human tracheal epithelial (HTE) cells grown as confluent, pseudostratified layers during exposure to inflammatory activators on apical vs. basolateral surfaces. Apical Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAK (but not flag ...
Population dynamics of immune repertoires
... B-cells and T-cells specificity is mediated by antigenrecognition receptors located on their surfaces, which are unique to each cell. B- and T-cells form the part of the immune system that is called adaptive, because the abundance of cells expressing each receptor type can be modulated to meet the c ...
... B-cells and T-cells specificity is mediated by antigenrecognition receptors located on their surfaces, which are unique to each cell. B- and T-cells form the part of the immune system that is called adaptive, because the abundance of cells expressing each receptor type can be modulated to meet the c ...
Basophils and Mast Cells
... Three groups have succeeded in producing mouse knockouts of certain mast cell–associated mediators. Wastling et al. [40••] produced mice that lack expression of mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1). These mice exhibited striking histochemical and ultrastructural abnormalities in the cytoplasmic granu ...
... Three groups have succeeded in producing mouse knockouts of certain mast cell–associated mediators. Wastling et al. [40••] produced mice that lack expression of mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1). These mice exhibited striking histochemical and ultrastructural abnormalities in the cytoplasmic granu ...
Altered frequency and migration capacity of CD4
... spectrum of clinical manifestations, the loss of tolerance to selfantigens and the production of autoantibodies [1]. The pathogenesis in SLE is dependent upon CD4+ T cells, which was well established from human studies [2] and animal models [3]. Therefore, a thorough examination of T-cell tolerance ...
... spectrum of clinical manifestations, the loss of tolerance to selfantigens and the production of autoantibodies [1]. The pathogenesis in SLE is dependent upon CD4+ T cells, which was well established from human studies [2] and animal models [3]. Therefore, a thorough examination of T-cell tolerance ...
and Function by Progesterone TLR4
... regard to circulating hormones, and levels of glucocorticoids, estrogen, and progesterone are all increased. This change in the hormonal milieu is thought to play a major role in skewing the maternal immune response to a Th2 and T regulatory phenotype (12, 13), influenced in part by actions of hormo ...
... regard to circulating hormones, and levels of glucocorticoids, estrogen, and progesterone are all increased. This change in the hormonal milieu is thought to play a major role in skewing the maternal immune response to a Th2 and T regulatory phenotype (12, 13), influenced in part by actions of hormo ...
Molecular Studies of T Cell Recognition and Cross
... complicated questions. Sasha also helped to troubleshoot various experimental issues in chemical cross-linking, in immunology and multiple personal matters. I’ve greatly benefitted from your friendship and thank you for everything you have done for me. Walter Kim was an incredible bay mate who sat n ...
... complicated questions. Sasha also helped to troubleshoot various experimental issues in chemical cross-linking, in immunology and multiple personal matters. I’ve greatly benefitted from your friendship and thank you for everything you have done for me. Walter Kim was an incredible bay mate who sat n ...
Increased Susceptibility to Salmonella Infection in Signal Regulatory
... substrate-1), CD172a, BIT (brain Ig–like molecule with a tyrosinebased activation motif), MFR (macrophage fusion receptor), or p84 (17–21). It is expressed primarily on myeloid cells, such as macrophages, granulocytes, and myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), but is barely detectable on B or T lymphocytes ...
... substrate-1), CD172a, BIT (brain Ig–like molecule with a tyrosinebased activation motif), MFR (macrophage fusion receptor), or p84 (17–21). It is expressed primarily on myeloid cells, such as macrophages, granulocytes, and myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), but is barely detectable on B or T lymphocytes ...
Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells Scale Their Pro
... postpartum uterine diseases caused by uterine bacterial infections after parturition (Sheldon et al., 2009). During the postpartum period, up to 50% of all dairy cows develop uterine inflammatory diseases, such as metritis, and clinical or subclinical endometritis (Sheldon et al., 2009). The inciden ...
... postpartum uterine diseases caused by uterine bacterial infections after parturition (Sheldon et al., 2009). During the postpartum period, up to 50% of all dairy cows develop uterine inflammatory diseases, such as metritis, and clinical or subclinical endometritis (Sheldon et al., 2009). The inciden ...
Vascular, glial, and lymphatic immune gateways of the central
... passed through peripheral tissues, such as lung, gut, skin, or nasal mucosa. Thus, T lymphocyte-mediated immune responses, such as those involved in the rejection of skin allografts, in the elimination of microorganisms and in autoimmune disorders, may only occur in the CNS in individuals that have ...
... passed through peripheral tissues, such as lung, gut, skin, or nasal mucosa. Thus, T lymphocyte-mediated immune responses, such as those involved in the rejection of skin allografts, in the elimination of microorganisms and in autoimmune disorders, may only occur in the CNS in individuals that have ...
The interleukin-23 axis in intestinal inflammation
... polymorphonuclear cells are in the front line of defense and provide a rapid response to infection, preventing invasion by pathogens (11, 14). Adaptive effector functions mediated via B and T cells also play a key role in protective immunity through the production of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG a ...
... polymorphonuclear cells are in the front line of defense and provide a rapid response to infection, preventing invasion by pathogens (11, 14). Adaptive effector functions mediated via B and T cells also play a key role in protective immunity through the production of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG a ...
HMGB1-promoted and TLR2/4-dependent NK cell maturation and
... previous findings have reinforced the notion that BA is a virus-induced and immune ...
... previous findings have reinforced the notion that BA is a virus-induced and immune ...
Natural Antimicrobial Peptides: Pleiotropic Molecules in Host Defense
... to kill or reduce the infective microbes. These peptides, called antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be found in almost all forms of life, in organisms like bacteria or plants and also in invertebrate and vertebrate species, including mammals. Among the latter, humans have several cell types that synt ...
... to kill or reduce the infective microbes. These peptides, called antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be found in almost all forms of life, in organisms like bacteria or plants and also in invertebrate and vertebrate species, including mammals. Among the latter, humans have several cell types that synt ...
Chapter 15 The Lymphatic System and Immunity
... – Development of B cells • Second stage—inactive B cell develops into activated B cell – Initiated by inactive B cell’s contact with antigens, which bind to its surface antibodies, plus signal chemicals from T cells – Activated B cell, by dividing repeatedly, forms two clones of cells—plasma (effect ...
... – Development of B cells • Second stage—inactive B cell develops into activated B cell – Initiated by inactive B cell’s contact with antigens, which bind to its surface antibodies, plus signal chemicals from T cells – Activated B cell, by dividing repeatedly, forms two clones of cells—plasma (effect ...
T cell
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Healthy_Human_T_Cell.jpg?width=300)
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.