Photoreception
... Photoreceptors, which contain glutamate, actively take up radiolabeled glutamate from the extracellular space, as do Muller cells (Fig. 3) (Marc and Lam, 1981; Yang and Wu, 1997). Glutamate is incorporated into these cell types through a high affinity glutamate transporter located in the plasma memb ...
... Photoreceptors, which contain glutamate, actively take up radiolabeled glutamate from the extracellular space, as do Muller cells (Fig. 3) (Marc and Lam, 1981; Yang and Wu, 1997). Glutamate is incorporated into these cell types through a high affinity glutamate transporter located in the plasma memb ...
Cuneiform Neurons Activated during
... During the course of anatomical studies of the brainstem, we consistently observed that larger number of neurons within the cuneiform (Cun) nucleus expressed c-fos during AS-carbachol than during wakefulness. This finding is important, because the Cun nucleus has not been implicated previously in an ...
... During the course of anatomical studies of the brainstem, we consistently observed that larger number of neurons within the cuneiform (Cun) nucleus expressed c-fos during AS-carbachol than during wakefulness. This finding is important, because the Cun nucleus has not been implicated previously in an ...
Reprint () - Centre de recherche CERVO
... whisker-sensitive trigeminothalamic cells. A second problem concerns the heterogeneity of this cellular population: Intracellular staining of cells antidromically invaded from the thalamus revealed various morphologic types of vibrissa-responsive neurons across the SP5 subnuclei (Jacquin et al., 198 ...
... whisker-sensitive trigeminothalamic cells. A second problem concerns the heterogeneity of this cellular population: Intracellular staining of cells antidromically invaded from the thalamus revealed various morphologic types of vibrissa-responsive neurons across the SP5 subnuclei (Jacquin et al., 198 ...
1From neuronal activity to scalp potential fields - Assets
... synchronous synaptic input either in an oscillatory fashion or as transient evoked activity, which reflects additional generators rather than just phase reorganization of ongoing oscillations18 . In the cortex, such patches contain thousands of cortical columns, where large pyramidal cells are align ...
... synchronous synaptic input either in an oscillatory fashion or as transient evoked activity, which reflects additional generators rather than just phase reorganization of ongoing oscillations18 . In the cortex, such patches contain thousands of cortical columns, where large pyramidal cells are align ...
The thalamus as a monitor of motor outputs
... be expected. However, we stress that currently there is no strong evidence that any afferent pathway to the thalamus lacks a branch to the brain stem or spinal cord. The negative evidence, that there are no branches, is of course, far less telling than the positive evidence, particularly as for many ...
... be expected. However, we stress that currently there is no strong evidence that any afferent pathway to the thalamus lacks a branch to the brain stem or spinal cord. The negative evidence, that there are no branches, is of course, far less telling than the positive evidence, particularly as for many ...
Chapter 14 PowerPoint Slides PDF - CM
... • Pharmacology and sympathetic nervous system receptors: different subtypes of sympathetic nervous system receptors have provided targets for medication therapy for many different disease states, including asthma and hypertension ...
... • Pharmacology and sympathetic nervous system receptors: different subtypes of sympathetic nervous system receptors have provided targets for medication therapy for many different disease states, including asthma and hypertension ...
PDF
... Radial glial cells (RGCs). RGCs serve as both the progenitor cells for cortical projection neurons and as a radial scaffold that guides migrating neurons towards the CP. With an elongated morphology that spans the cortical wall, they extend a long basal process attached to the pial surface and a sho ...
... Radial glial cells (RGCs). RGCs serve as both the progenitor cells for cortical projection neurons and as a radial scaffold that guides migrating neurons towards the CP. With an elongated morphology that spans the cortical wall, they extend a long basal process attached to the pial surface and a sho ...
"Visual System Development in Vertebrates". In: Encyclopedia of
... born are the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that migrate to the vitreal surface and elaborate a single axon and several dendrites (Figure 2). The next neurons to be born are the cones, amacrine cells and horizontal cells, followed by the rods and bipolar cells. Mueller glia, the only nonneuronal cell ...
... born are the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that migrate to the vitreal surface and elaborate a single axon and several dendrites (Figure 2). The next neurons to be born are the cones, amacrine cells and horizontal cells, followed by the rods and bipolar cells. Mueller glia, the only nonneuronal cell ...
Chemosensory Systems
... 5. The ability of the OSN to recover from injury helps explain return of olfactory function months after smell loss due to head trauma. The OSN population is not strictly maintained with aging, however, and the sense of smell deteriorates. D. Summary: Olfaction. Smell is a chemical sense that evalua ...
... 5. The ability of the OSN to recover from injury helps explain return of olfactory function months after smell loss due to head trauma. The OSN population is not strictly maintained with aging, however, and the sense of smell deteriorates. D. Summary: Olfaction. Smell is a chemical sense that evalua ...
Document
... caspase-3 and p38-kinase dependent apoptosis [25]. Mature amyloid fibrils produced from full-length recombinant mammalian prion protein (rPrP) were also highly toxic to cultured cells and primary hippocampal and cerebella neurons [87]. In GT1 cells a pathological phenotype was observed with an incre ...
... caspase-3 and p38-kinase dependent apoptosis [25]. Mature amyloid fibrils produced from full-length recombinant mammalian prion protein (rPrP) were also highly toxic to cultured cells and primary hippocampal and cerebella neurons [87]. In GT1 cells a pathological phenotype was observed with an incre ...
Sònia Najas Sales Role of DYRK1A in the development of Syndrome
... To provide new insights into the role of DYRK1A in brain development and to determine the possible implications of DYRK1A trisomy in the cortical alterations associated with DS, I have analysed the gross morphology of the brain and the development of the cerebral cortex of a new mouse model, the mBA ...
... To provide new insights into the role of DYRK1A in brain development and to determine the possible implications of DYRK1A trisomy in the cortical alterations associated with DS, I have analysed the gross morphology of the brain and the development of the cerebral cortex of a new mouse model, the mBA ...
Neural dynamics of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movement
... loss of retinal slip signals as pursuit nears target speed. Support for this prediction was reported in neurophysiological experiments by Born, Groh, M m Zhao, and Lukasewycz (2000). To incorporate these mechanisms into its SPEM circuits, the current model contains visual area MT− and MT+ cell types ...
... loss of retinal slip signals as pursuit nears target speed. Support for this prediction was reported in neurophysiological experiments by Born, Groh, M m Zhao, and Lukasewycz (2000). To incorporate these mechanisms into its SPEM circuits, the current model contains visual area MT− and MT+ cell types ...
Gpr126 is essential for peripheral nerve development and
... are present and expressing Sox10 in the mutant nerves, similar to our previous studies in zebrafish (Monk et al., 2009). Expression of other Schwann cell markers, including Dhh and Egr2, was not detectable in Gpr126–/– nerve (Fig. 1C). Additionally, Pou3f1 and myelin basic protein (Mbp) expression w ...
... are present and expressing Sox10 in the mutant nerves, similar to our previous studies in zebrafish (Monk et al., 2009). Expression of other Schwann cell markers, including Dhh and Egr2, was not detectable in Gpr126–/– nerve (Fig. 1C). Additionally, Pou3f1 and myelin basic protein (Mbp) expression w ...
The Familial Dysautonomia disease gene, Ikbkap/Elp1, is required
... ventricles relative to the hemisphere area (Table 2). In addition, in the CKO brain the corpus callosum and the lateral amygdaloid nucleus in the CKO brain were significantly reduced, while the hippocampus was relatively enlarged with respect to the reduced hemisphere (Table 2), which we attribute ...
... ventricles relative to the hemisphere area (Table 2). In addition, in the CKO brain the corpus callosum and the lateral amygdaloid nucleus in the CKO brain were significantly reduced, while the hippocampus was relatively enlarged with respect to the reduced hemisphere (Table 2), which we attribute ...
Changes in the connections of the main olfactory bulb after mitral
... AON was clearly higher than in the control animals (Table I, Figs. 2D, 3A). Likewise, the density of positive cells was higher in all subdivisions of the PCD ipsilateral AON (Table II, Fig. 3B). In contrast to the observations in the control animals, labeled neurons were seen in all the ipsilateral ...
... AON was clearly higher than in the control animals (Table I, Figs. 2D, 3A). Likewise, the density of positive cells was higher in all subdivisions of the PCD ipsilateral AON (Table II, Fig. 3B). In contrast to the observations in the control animals, labeled neurons were seen in all the ipsilateral ...
Nerve cells in the human ciliary muscle: ultrastructural and
... and Immunocytochemical Characterization Ernst R. Tamm,* Cassandra Fliigel-Koch,* Bernd Mayer,-\ and Elke Lutjen-Drecolt* Purpose. Intrinsic nerve cells in the human ciliary muscle were identified and characterized by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods. Methods. Serial sections through t ...
... and Immunocytochemical Characterization Ernst R. Tamm,* Cassandra Fliigel-Koch,* Bernd Mayer,-\ and Elke Lutjen-Drecolt* Purpose. Intrinsic nerve cells in the human ciliary muscle were identified and characterized by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods. Methods. Serial sections through t ...
Disc1Point Mutations in Mice Affect Development of the Cerebral
... Statistical analysis. Statistical differences among different mutant lines and across genotypic groups against various measured parameters were determined using one-way or two-way ANOVA (SPSS 13.0), followed by Bonferroni’s correction for multiple testing. To further confirm significance, Student’s ...
... Statistical analysis. Statistical differences among different mutant lines and across genotypic groups against various measured parameters were determined using one-way or two-way ANOVA (SPSS 13.0), followed by Bonferroni’s correction for multiple testing. To further confirm significance, Student’s ...
The Eye - Johns Hopkins Medicine
... retina in this photo is the macula) Fovea – the area where there is a depression formed by thinning of the inner retinal layers to allow light to directly shine on the photoreceptor layer http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/courses/vet_eyes/eye_path/epath_overview_index.html ...
... retina in this photo is the macula) Fovea – the area where there is a depression formed by thinning of the inner retinal layers to allow light to directly shine on the photoreceptor layer http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/courses/vet_eyes/eye_path/epath_overview_index.html ...
RNA Interference Against BACE1 Suppresses BACE1 and Aβ
... Cerebral deposition of Aβ in neuritic plaques is one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The activity of β-amyloid-cleaving-enzyme 1 (BACE1), an aspartyl protease that cleaves the amyloid precursor protein (APP) at the β-site, plays a key role in the formation of A-beta (Aβ) f ...
... Cerebral deposition of Aβ in neuritic plaques is one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The activity of β-amyloid-cleaving-enzyme 1 (BACE1), an aspartyl protease that cleaves the amyloid precursor protein (APP) at the β-site, plays a key role in the formation of A-beta (Aβ) f ...
IBRO 2008
... cell types and their contribution to the organism. In the cortical network, accurately timed and located GABA release co-operates with the information-carrying glutamatergic inputs to govern the spike timing of pyramidal cells responsible for representations (refs 1,2). Space and time in the network ...
... cell types and their contribution to the organism. In the cortical network, accurately timed and located GABA release co-operates with the information-carrying glutamatergic inputs to govern the spike timing of pyramidal cells responsible for representations (refs 1,2). Space and time in the network ...
Edvard I. Moser - Nobel Lecture: Grid Cells and the
... a progressive increase in the mean scale of the grid, reflected in the size of the fields as well as their separation (Fig. 11). The earliest data were not able to tell us whether this increase was smooth and gradual, or whether the grid increased in discrete steps. Because of limited cell sampling, ...
... a progressive increase in the mean scale of the grid, reflected in the size of the fields as well as their separation (Fig. 11). The earliest data were not able to tell us whether this increase was smooth and gradual, or whether the grid increased in discrete steps. Because of limited cell sampling, ...
Topical Review
... a growth cone, extend an axon and form new synapses. Nervous system injury also induces glial and meningeal growth-inhibitory proteins that block axonal sprouting.23 The unequivocal demonstration of poststroke axonal sprouting has required direct axonal quantification. This is because the proteins a ...
... a growth cone, extend an axon and form new synapses. Nervous system injury also induces glial and meningeal growth-inhibitory proteins that block axonal sprouting.23 The unequivocal demonstration of poststroke axonal sprouting has required direct axonal quantification. This is because the proteins a ...
Response characteristics in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN
... levels, is given up at the level of the cortex, where it is replaced by a widely branching parallel connectivity. Apart from the retina, rich feedback connections exist between cortex and thalamus as well as lateral connections between the di erent cortical areas. These anatomical observations, for ...
... levels, is given up at the level of the cortex, where it is replaced by a widely branching parallel connectivity. Apart from the retina, rich feedback connections exist between cortex and thalamus as well as lateral connections between the di erent cortical areas. These anatomical observations, for ...
the anatomy and neurosecretory system of the
... In Nephtys, the stomatogastric system arises from the circumoesophageal connectives rather than directly from the brain. The brain contains only truly ganglionic material (neurons and ...
... In Nephtys, the stomatogastric system arises from the circumoesophageal connectives rather than directly from the brain. The brain contains only truly ganglionic material (neurons and ...
Nervous and Endocrine Systems
... different methods and rates of communication. Think about your endocrine system as working like a satellite television system. A satellite sends signals in all directions, but only televisions that have special receivers can get those signals. Your endocrine system’s chemical signals are carried by ...
... different methods and rates of communication. Think about your endocrine system as working like a satellite television system. A satellite sends signals in all directions, but only televisions that have special receivers can get those signals. Your endocrine system’s chemical signals are carried by ...
Subventricular zone
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. It is composed of four distinct layers of variable thickness and cell density, as well as cellular composition. Along with the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the SVZ is one of two places where neurogenesis has been found to occur in the adult mammalian brain.