Neuroscience Newsletter, May 2015 - MSc/PhD/MD
... on the role of MBP in extruding proteins with large cytoplasmic domains from the compacted areas (Aggarwal et al 2011), as well as on the molecular basis that drive myelin membrane assembly by a phase transition of the MBP into a cohesive protein meshwork. (Aggarwal et al 2013). In addition, we coul ...
... on the role of MBP in extruding proteins with large cytoplasmic domains from the compacted areas (Aggarwal et al 2011), as well as on the molecular basis that drive myelin membrane assembly by a phase transition of the MBP into a cohesive protein meshwork. (Aggarwal et al 2013). In addition, we coul ...
An Intrinsic Oscillation in Interneurons of the Rat Lateral Geniculate
... the adjacent thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) are GABAergic, and their axons are restricted to the thalamus. Thalamocortical and TRN cells are implicated heavily in oscillations (Steriade et al. 1993). Thalamocortical cells can oscillate intrinsically at low frequencies (1– 4 Hz, the frequency range ...
... the adjacent thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) are GABAergic, and their axons are restricted to the thalamus. Thalamocortical and TRN cells are implicated heavily in oscillations (Steriade et al. 1993). Thalamocortical cells can oscillate intrinsically at low frequencies (1– 4 Hz, the frequency range ...
Astrocyteneuron interaction in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal
... release of inflammatory mediators causing hyperalgesia and allodynia (Burnstock et al., 2011; Tsuda et al., 2005). P2X7 receptors have originally been identified at peripheral and central immunocytes such as macrophages, lymphocytes, and microglia, where they mediate immediate necrosis and on a long ...
... release of inflammatory mediators causing hyperalgesia and allodynia (Burnstock et al., 2011; Tsuda et al., 2005). P2X7 receptors have originally been identified at peripheral and central immunocytes such as macrophages, lymphocytes, and microglia, where they mediate immediate necrosis and on a long ...
Neurosteroids: Expression of Steroidogenic Enzymes and
... (Mensah-Nyagan et al., 1994). In situ hybridization studies have revealed that the mRNAs encoding for 3bHSD in the rat brain are localized in the olfactive bulb, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, area of medulla bordering the fourth ventricle as well as in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum (D ...
... (Mensah-Nyagan et al., 1994). In situ hybridization studies have revealed that the mRNAs encoding for 3bHSD in the rat brain are localized in the olfactive bulb, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, area of medulla bordering the fourth ventricle as well as in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum (D ...
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... neuroprogenitors (A94-NSCs) differentiated into either neuronal or astrocytic lineages and compared the miRNA profile in undifferentiated A94-NSCs (Supporting Information Fig. S1A, 1B). We then quantitatively identified miRNAs that were enriched specifically in the neuronal lineage relative to the astr ...
... neuroprogenitors (A94-NSCs) differentiated into either neuronal or astrocytic lineages and compared the miRNA profile in undifferentiated A94-NSCs (Supporting Information Fig. S1A, 1B). We then quantitatively identified miRNAs that were enriched specifically in the neuronal lineage relative to the astr ...
Network mechanisms of grid cells
... network models, however, because the proposed correspondence between velocity of movement in the environment and displacement in the neural sheet can probably only be maintained if the grid network has a common grid scale and grid orientation. Grid spacing and grid orientation vary widely, with spac ...
... network models, however, because the proposed correspondence between velocity of movement in the environment and displacement in the neural sheet can probably only be maintained if the grid network has a common grid scale and grid orientation. Grid spacing and grid orientation vary widely, with spac ...
Neuropilin-2 Regulates the Development of Select Cranial and
... coordinate action of attractive and repulsive mechanisms (Tessier-Lavigne and Goodman, 1996). One large family of secreted and transmembrane proteins that function in repulsion are the semaphorins, which are characterized by the presence of a conserved ⵑ500 amino acid semaphorin (sema) domain at the ...
... coordinate action of attractive and repulsive mechanisms (Tessier-Lavigne and Goodman, 1996). One large family of secreted and transmembrane proteins that function in repulsion are the semaphorins, which are characterized by the presence of a conserved ⵑ500 amino acid semaphorin (sema) domain at the ...
The columnar organization of the neocortex
... several cortical laminae, the number of laminae depending upon the stage of corticogenesis at which injections were made. The results provided further evidence that the several phenotypes observed in mature cortical minicolumns are each derived from one of a small group of progenitors forming a ...
... several cortical laminae, the number of laminae depending upon the stage of corticogenesis at which injections were made. The results provided further evidence that the several phenotypes observed in mature cortical minicolumns are each derived from one of a small group of progenitors forming a ...
internal structure of spinal cord
... DORSAL ROOT FIBERS APPROACH THE DORSOLATERAL SURFACE OF THE SPINAL CORD. THEY BELONG TO TWO CATEGORIES: 1. THICK MYELINATED AXON GROUP, AND 2. THIN, MYELINATED OR NON-MYELINATED AXON GROUP THE THICK, MYELINATED AXONS ENTERING THE SPINAL CORD DIVIDE INTO ASCENDING AND DESCENDING BRANCHES THAT FURTHER ...
... DORSAL ROOT FIBERS APPROACH THE DORSOLATERAL SURFACE OF THE SPINAL CORD. THEY BELONG TO TWO CATEGORIES: 1. THICK MYELINATED AXON GROUP, AND 2. THIN, MYELINATED OR NON-MYELINATED AXON GROUP THE THICK, MYELINATED AXONS ENTERING THE SPINAL CORD DIVIDE INTO ASCENDING AND DESCENDING BRANCHES THAT FURTHER ...
Pattern formation in the nematode epidermis: determination of the
... depend both upon the initial positions where cells are born, and upon their selective cellular affinities which refine these initial positions. Formation of each ray at a distinct site appears to be guided by the expression of a unique pattern of affinities for epidermal cells and ray cells. Mutatio ...
... depend both upon the initial positions where cells are born, and upon their selective cellular affinities which refine these initial positions. Formation of each ray at a distinct site appears to be guided by the expression of a unique pattern of affinities for epidermal cells and ray cells. Mutatio ...
Variance and invariance of neuronal long
... across sessions, signal-to-noise ratio, temporal fidelity, cell selection biases, response linearity, signal extraction complications, long-term cell health, tissue damage, etc. [16,22,34,57]. All these factors are likely to directly affect the assessment of neuronal variability. Furthermore, longit ...
... across sessions, signal-to-noise ratio, temporal fidelity, cell selection biases, response linearity, signal extraction complications, long-term cell health, tissue damage, etc. [16,22,34,57]. All these factors are likely to directly affect the assessment of neuronal variability. Furthermore, longit ...
Size and number of binucleate and mononucleate superior
... that does not require the application of correction factors and any assumption of the object form whatsoever. It is expected that the current results may shed light on some neuronal quantitative aspects during the postnatal development (maturation and ageing) in large mammals which have not been fre ...
... that does not require the application of correction factors and any assumption of the object form whatsoever. It is expected that the current results may shed light on some neuronal quantitative aspects during the postnatal development (maturation and ageing) in large mammals which have not been fre ...
Copyrighted Material
... neurons may exceed 200,000 times the dimensions of most other cells, the cellular volume has not undergone a similar increase due to the unique attribute of very fine cylindrical extensions of the cell to span the long distances. In the form of long delicate axons, the neuron spans large distances b ...
... neurons may exceed 200,000 times the dimensions of most other cells, the cellular volume has not undergone a similar increase due to the unique attribute of very fine cylindrical extensions of the cell to span the long distances. In the form of long delicate axons, the neuron spans large distances b ...
Massive Loss of Mid- and Hindbrain Neurons during Embryonic
... animals, was intriguing because axons from this nucleus comprise the V cranial nerve, which controls the muscles required for mastication and suckling. Because this nucleus is required at birth, these cells undergo synaptogenesis and terminal differentiation during embryonic life. To determine wheth ...
... animals, was intriguing because axons from this nucleus comprise the V cranial nerve, which controls the muscles required for mastication and suckling. Because this nucleus is required at birth, these cells undergo synaptogenesis and terminal differentiation during embryonic life. To determine wheth ...
Vision`s First Steps: Anatomy, Physiology, and Perception in the
... and release more glutamate. Therefore the bipolar cells hyperpolarize. – Off-center bipolar cells have ionotropic receptors that depolarize the cell when receiving glutamate [161, 200]. In this case, when light arrives to the retina, the photoreceptors hyperpolarize and release less glutamate. Conse ...
... and release more glutamate. Therefore the bipolar cells hyperpolarize. – Off-center bipolar cells have ionotropic receptors that depolarize the cell when receiving glutamate [161, 200]. In this case, when light arrives to the retina, the photoreceptors hyperpolarize and release less glutamate. Conse ...
A Quantitative Map of the Circuit of Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... that they are polyneuronally innervated; their excitatory and inhibitory synapses arise from multiple sources (Ahmed et al., 1994). If polyneuronal innervation is to be incorporated properly, the relative anatomical “weight” must also be assigned to a given connection. These weights are rarely consi ...
... that they are polyneuronally innervated; their excitatory and inhibitory synapses arise from multiple sources (Ahmed et al., 1994). If polyneuronal innervation is to be incorporated properly, the relative anatomical “weight” must also be assigned to a given connection. These weights are rarely consi ...
Neural degeneration mutants in the zebrafish, Danio
... Fig. 2. Class I mutant phenotypes. (A,C,E,G,I,K,M) Wild type; (B,D,F,H,J) aoi, (L) tc294a and (N) ty103a. (A-H) at 36 h; (I-L) at the 10somite stage and (M,N) at the 15-somite stage. (C,D) Acridine orange (AO)-stained embryos of (A,B) respectively. (G,H) Parasagittal section of the tectum stained wi ...
... Fig. 2. Class I mutant phenotypes. (A,C,E,G,I,K,M) Wild type; (B,D,F,H,J) aoi, (L) tc294a and (N) ty103a. (A-H) at 36 h; (I-L) at the 10somite stage and (M,N) at the 15-somite stage. (C,D) Acridine orange (AO)-stained embryos of (A,B) respectively. (G,H) Parasagittal section of the tectum stained wi ...
Mutations affecting the development of the embryonic zebrafish brain
... Whole-mount in situ hybridization was performed with digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes (Oxtoby and Jowett, 1993). Expression patterns were documented after clearing in benzylbenzoate/benzyl alcohol (2:1) and mounting in Permount (Fischer Scientific). The following probes have been used: krox-20 (Oxtoby ...
... Whole-mount in situ hybridization was performed with digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes (Oxtoby and Jowett, 1993). Expression patterns were documented after clearing in benzylbenzoate/benzyl alcohol (2:1) and mounting in Permount (Fischer Scientific). The following probes have been used: krox-20 (Oxtoby ...
Kiecker and Lumsden - McLoon Lab
... Ventral Patterning in the Hindbrain and Midbrain Early in its development, the hindbrain becomes subdivided into a series of seven to eight segments called rhombomeres (r1–8) (reviewed in Kiecker & Lumsden 2005). Nevertheless, the topological organization of neurons along the DV axis of the hindbrai ...
... Ventral Patterning in the Hindbrain and Midbrain Early in its development, the hindbrain becomes subdivided into a series of seven to eight segments called rhombomeres (r1–8) (reviewed in Kiecker & Lumsden 2005). Nevertheless, the topological organization of neurons along the DV axis of the hindbrai ...
Clones in the chick diencephalon contain multiple
... embryonic day 18 (E18) at which time the brains were harvested in PBS. After fixation overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde (in PBS, pH 7.4) at 4°C, brains were washed with three changes of PBS over 24 hours and then cryoprotected in 30% sucrose in PBS. Brains were oriented for coronal sections, embedded ...
... embryonic day 18 (E18) at which time the brains were harvested in PBS. After fixation overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde (in PBS, pH 7.4) at 4°C, brains were washed with three changes of PBS over 24 hours and then cryoprotected in 30% sucrose in PBS. Brains were oriented for coronal sections, embedded ...
A dedicated circuit links direction-selective retinal
... downstream circuitry in the brain and thus their contribution to visual processing has remained unclear. In mice, several different types of DSGCs connect to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN)4–6, the visual thalamic structure that harbours cortical relay neurons. Whether direction-selecti ...
... downstream circuitry in the brain and thus their contribution to visual processing has remained unclear. In mice, several different types of DSGCs connect to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN)4–6, the visual thalamic structure that harbours cortical relay neurons. Whether direction-selecti ...
Subventricular zone
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. It is composed of four distinct layers of variable thickness and cell density, as well as cellular composition. Along with the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the SVZ is one of two places where neurogenesis has been found to occur in the adult mammalian brain.