RESOURCE - Synthetic Neurobiology Group
... ChR2-tdTomato and ChR2-EYFP, halorhodopsin eNpHR3.0 and archaerhodopsin Arch-ER2. All four transgenes mediated Credependent, robust activation or silencing of cortical pyramidal neurons in vitro and in vivo upon light stimulation, with ChR2EYFP and Arch-ER2 demonstrating light sensitivity approachin ...
... ChR2-tdTomato and ChR2-EYFP, halorhodopsin eNpHR3.0 and archaerhodopsin Arch-ER2. All four transgenes mediated Credependent, robust activation or silencing of cortical pyramidal neurons in vitro and in vivo upon light stimulation, with ChR2EYFP and Arch-ER2 demonstrating light sensitivity approachin ...
Fig. 1 - Journal of Neuroscience
... division, after which the daughter cells stay as progenitors at the ventricular zone, or asymmetric division, after which one of the daughter cells relocates to the basal surface along radial glia and differentiates into a specific type of neuron (Zhong and Chia, 2008). There is a delicate balance b ...
... division, after which the daughter cells stay as progenitors at the ventricular zone, or asymmetric division, after which one of the daughter cells relocates to the basal surface along radial glia and differentiates into a specific type of neuron (Zhong and Chia, 2008). There is a delicate balance b ...
CELL MIGRATION IN THE FOREBRAIN
... types in the forebrain requires the creation of distinct antero-posterior and dorsoventral progenitor domains by the coordinated activity of several morphogenetic centers (Marı́n & Rubenstein 2002, Wilson & Rubenstein 2000). The induction of specific transcription factors in different progenitor dom ...
... types in the forebrain requires the creation of distinct antero-posterior and dorsoventral progenitor domains by the coordinated activity of several morphogenetic centers (Marı́n & Rubenstein 2002, Wilson & Rubenstein 2000). The induction of specific transcription factors in different progenitor dom ...
Mechanisms of cell migration in the nervous system
... Neuron migration routes. Neuron migration routes in the developing mammalian brain are complex (Marín and Rubenstein, 2003; Ayala et al., 2007). The brain develops from the anterior end of the neural tube: a pseudo-stratified epithelial tube with its apical surface inside and basal surface outside. ...
... Neuron migration routes. Neuron migration routes in the developing mammalian brain are complex (Marín and Rubenstein, 2003; Ayala et al., 2007). The brain develops from the anterior end of the neural tube: a pseudo-stratified epithelial tube with its apical surface inside and basal surface outside. ...
Horvitz, J.C. Stimulus-response and response
... (1) the types of events signaled by phasic midbrain DA neurons to their striatal recipients, (2) DA-mediated plasticity at corticostriatal synapses, (3) the informational codes received and transmitted by striatal output neurons, and (4) simple models of striatal-based learning that incorporate thes ...
... (1) the types of events signaled by phasic midbrain DA neurons to their striatal recipients, (2) DA-mediated plasticity at corticostriatal synapses, (3) the informational codes received and transmitted by striatal output neurons, and (4) simple models of striatal-based learning that incorporate thes ...
Cellular scaling rules for the brain of afrotherians
... orders that diverged about 95 million years ago, and therefore appear to be conserved in evolution, while neuronal scaling rules appear to be free to vary in evolution in a clade-specific manner. Here we analyze the cellular scaling rules that apply to the brain of afrotherians, believed to be the f ...
... orders that diverged about 95 million years ago, and therefore appear to be conserved in evolution, while neuronal scaling rules appear to be free to vary in evolution in a clade-specific manner. Here we analyze the cellular scaling rules that apply to the brain of afrotherians, believed to be the f ...
NG2+ CNS Glial Progenitors Remain Committed to the Oligodendrocyte Lineage in Postnatal Life and following Neurodegeneration
... into OLs within 4 weeks, as determined by the loss of PDGFaR expression (Figures 1I and 1J) and co-localization between EGFP and CC1 or MBP at P4+28 (Figures 1J–1L). Although the rate of OL development was slower in cortex than in corpus callosum, more than 70% of cortical EGFP+ cells were PDGFaR af ...
... into OLs within 4 weeks, as determined by the loss of PDGFaR expression (Figures 1I and 1J) and co-localization between EGFP and CC1 or MBP at P4+28 (Figures 1J–1L). Although the rate of OL development was slower in cortex than in corpus callosum, more than 70% of cortical EGFP+ cells were PDGFaR af ...
Anti-Apoptotic Proteins in Nerve Cell Survival and
... Spinal muscular atrophy Survival of motoneuron gene dUTP mediated nick-end labelling X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein ...
... Spinal muscular atrophy Survival of motoneuron gene dUTP mediated nick-end labelling X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein ...
Location and connectivity determine GABAergic interneuron survival in the brains... South Hampshire sheep with CLN6 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
... severely reduced in them, but the underlying mutation has yet to be determined. It is probably a novel non-coding mutation in a regulatory region, which may have human analogs (Tammen et al., 2006). To gain insights into the pathogenic mechanisms we have been studying progressive pathological change ...
... severely reduced in them, but the underlying mutation has yet to be determined. It is probably a novel non-coding mutation in a regulatory region, which may have human analogs (Tammen et al., 2006). To gain insights into the pathogenic mechanisms we have been studying progressive pathological change ...
MSH-induced inhibition of oxytocin cells
... train during the identified periods. To assess changes in responses, the same poststimulus periods were used to quantify response amplitudes as those identified in control PSTHs. For the experiment with intracerebroventricular injection of ␣-MSH, firing rate in 30-s bins in the 5 min before injectio ...
... train during the identified periods. To assess changes in responses, the same poststimulus periods were used to quantify response amplitudes as those identified in control PSTHs. For the experiment with intracerebroventricular injection of ␣-MSH, firing rate in 30-s bins in the 5 min before injectio ...
Changes in the inner and outer retinal layers after acute increase of
... great majority of RGCs, indicating the value of noninvasive functional ERG losses associated with RGC loss in adult rodents (AlarcónMartínez et al., 2009; Salinas-Navarro et al., 2009a). In addition there were also permanent diminutions of the major components of the ERG, the a- and b- waves, as wel ...
... great majority of RGCs, indicating the value of noninvasive functional ERG losses associated with RGC loss in adult rodents (AlarcónMartínez et al., 2009; Salinas-Navarro et al., 2009a). In addition there were also permanent diminutions of the major components of the ERG, the a- and b- waves, as wel ...
Previous studies have shown that there are a large variety of
... Layer 6 of the cerebral cortex contains a diverse population of neuron types. Understanding the functional connectivity of each cell type is important for revealing their roles in cortical processing. Pyramidal neurons in layer 6 of primary sensory cortices are the source of corticothalamic input to ...
... Layer 6 of the cerebral cortex contains a diverse population of neuron types. Understanding the functional connectivity of each cell type is important for revealing their roles in cortical processing. Pyramidal neurons in layer 6 of primary sensory cortices are the source of corticothalamic input to ...
Cell migration in the developing rodent olfactory system
... has similarities with mechanisms known to operate in neocortical projection neurons. Migrating LCS cells require doublecortin (Dcx), Lis1 [37], and filamin A [38] to maintain a bipolar morphology. Electroporation of shRNA in rat embryos to knockdown Dcx or Lis1 in the LCS leads to the aberrant accum ...
... has similarities with mechanisms known to operate in neocortical projection neurons. Migrating LCS cells require doublecortin (Dcx), Lis1 [37], and filamin A [38] to maintain a bipolar morphology. Electroporation of shRNA in rat embryos to knockdown Dcx or Lis1 in the LCS leads to the aberrant accum ...
lmmunohistochemical Localization
... General characteristics. At high magnification, reaction product was visible on the membrane surface of individual neurons. Cytoplasmic labeling appeared light (Fig. 4A). In some instances, the staining along the surfaces of neuronal cell bodies and dendrites was periodic or punctate in appearance, ...
... General characteristics. At high magnification, reaction product was visible on the membrane surface of individual neurons. Cytoplasmic labeling appeared light (Fig. 4A). In some instances, the staining along the surfaces of neuronal cell bodies and dendrites was periodic or punctate in appearance, ...
The Nervous System - Fisiokinesiterapia
... • The result of a ruptured blood vessel supplying a region of the brain • Brain tissue supplied with oxygen from that blood source dies • Loss of some functions or death may result Slide 7.50 ...
... • The result of a ruptured blood vessel supplying a region of the brain • Brain tissue supplied with oxygen from that blood source dies • Loss of some functions or death may result Slide 7.50 ...
Summary of Results and Discussion
... Previous studies by Josephson and Meier reported no alterations of Nogo-A expression at 24 hours after KA injection, and no alterations or strong upregulation after 7-5 days (Table 1.1; Josephson et al., 2001; Meier et al., 2003). The doses used in the three studies were similar (10 mg/kg Josephson ...
... Previous studies by Josephson and Meier reported no alterations of Nogo-A expression at 24 hours after KA injection, and no alterations or strong upregulation after 7-5 days (Table 1.1; Josephson et al., 2001; Meier et al., 2003). The doses used in the three studies were similar (10 mg/kg Josephson ...
lmmunocytochemical Localization of Protein Kinase C lsozymes in
... pretreated with their correspondingtypes of PKC isozyme and no longer gave positive signalsagainst 50 ng of the purified isozyme by immunoblot analysis. Regional distribution of PKC isozymesin rat brain All PKC immunoreactivities were widely distributed throughout the various regionsof rat brain. In ...
... pretreated with their correspondingtypes of PKC isozyme and no longer gave positive signalsagainst 50 ng of the purified isozyme by immunoblot analysis. Regional distribution of PKC isozymesin rat brain All PKC immunoreactivities were widely distributed throughout the various regionsof rat brain. In ...
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... We photographed the series of 75 mm sections spanning the rostral / caudal extent of temporal cortex on the same day the sections were mounted and coverslipped. Several pictures (103 objective) were taken of each hemisphere that collectively circumscribed the cortical regions that contained labeled ...
... We photographed the series of 75 mm sections spanning the rostral / caudal extent of temporal cortex on the same day the sections were mounted and coverslipped. Several pictures (103 objective) were taken of each hemisphere that collectively circumscribed the cortical regions that contained labeled ...
The spinothalamic tract: An examination of the cells of origin of the
... spread to the midbrain were included in the data analysis. In addition, the targeted thalamic nuclei (VPL, PO, CL, SM), which are those with known STT terminations, had to be well filled. Thirteen of these animals had HRP injections Fig. 1. Representative drawings of the extents of thalamic injectio ...
... spread to the midbrain were included in the data analysis. In addition, the targeted thalamic nuclei (VPL, PO, CL, SM), which are those with known STT terminations, had to be well filled. Thirteen of these animals had HRP injections Fig. 1. Representative drawings of the extents of thalamic injectio ...
Perception of Motion, Depth, and Form
... a random assortment of equally connected areas.There is substantial evidence for two major processing pathways, a dorsal one to the posterior parietal cortex and a ventral one to the inferior temporal cortex, but other pathways may also exist. Second, there is strong evidence that the processingin t ...
... a random assortment of equally connected areas.There is substantial evidence for two major processing pathways, a dorsal one to the posterior parietal cortex and a ventral one to the inferior temporal cortex, but other pathways may also exist. Second, there is strong evidence that the processingin t ...
Subventricular zone
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. It is composed of four distinct layers of variable thickness and cell density, as well as cellular composition. Along with the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the SVZ is one of two places where neurogenesis has been found to occur in the adult mammalian brain.