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... brightness/contrast and resolution (set at 600 ppi) with the aid of Adobe PhotoShop 6.0 software. To ascertain that postsynaptic structures contacted by human synaptophysin (ⴙ) terminals belonged to the host, rat motor neurons were identified by their morphology and size (>25 m in soma diameter) and ...
... brightness/contrast and resolution (set at 600 ppi) with the aid of Adobe PhotoShop 6.0 software. To ascertain that postsynaptic structures contacted by human synaptophysin (ⴙ) terminals belonged to the host, rat motor neurons were identified by their morphology and size (>25 m in soma diameter) and ...
Effects of acetylcholine on neuronal properties in entorhinal cortex James G. Heys
... At the network level, the local field potential in EC demonstrates a prominent oscillation in the theta band (4–12 Hz) with a mean frequency of approximately 7 Hz (Mitchell and Ranck, 1980). While the intrinsic oscillatory electrophysiological properties of SCs are suggestive of a local source for t ...
... At the network level, the local field potential in EC demonstrates a prominent oscillation in the theta band (4–12 Hz) with a mean frequency of approximately 7 Hz (Mitchell and Ranck, 1980). While the intrinsic oscillatory electrophysiological properties of SCs are suggestive of a local source for t ...
6 slides per sheet
... 1. Three germbands (layers), ectoderm (skin and neurons), mesoderm (muscle, blood and internal organs) and endoderm (lining of the gut). ...
... 1. Three germbands (layers), ectoderm (skin and neurons), mesoderm (muscle, blood and internal organs) and endoderm (lining of the gut). ...
Aberrant changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in brain of a
... cortex compared with control (Wistar) rats. The peptide levels of these neuropeptides in brain areas mentioned above were both apparently higher than that in normal Wistar rats as well. However, in cerebellums, neither SST nor NPY was significantly changed compared with control group. The immunohist ...
... cortex compared with control (Wistar) rats. The peptide levels of these neuropeptides in brain areas mentioned above were both apparently higher than that in normal Wistar rats as well. However, in cerebellums, neither SST nor NPY was significantly changed compared with control group. The immunohist ...
Striate cortex increases contrast gain of macaque LGN neurons
... were able to complete the full cycle of tests were determined for drifting sine-wave gratings modulated in luminance before, during, and after reversible cooling of the ipsilateral striate cortex. In addition, we were also able to hold a subset of five parvocellular neurons long enough after the lum ...
... were able to complete the full cycle of tests were determined for drifting sine-wave gratings modulated in luminance before, during, and after reversible cooling of the ipsilateral striate cortex. In addition, we were also able to hold a subset of five parvocellular neurons long enough after the lum ...
Two-photon imaging and analysis of neural network dynamics
... is intracellular recording using either sharp glass electrodes or the patch-clamp technique (Chorev et al 2009). With intracellular recording the subthreshold membrane potential dynamics can be resolved, in particular synaptically induced potentials. However, this technique is limited to single neur ...
... is intracellular recording using either sharp glass electrodes or the patch-clamp technique (Chorev et al 2009). With intracellular recording the subthreshold membrane potential dynamics can be resolved, in particular synaptically induced potentials. However, this technique is limited to single neur ...
Brca1 is required for embryonic development of the mouse cerebral
... manipulation of this process can greatly alter cortical size (Haydar et al., 1999; Rakic, 2005). Loss of progenitor apoptosis by knockout of caspase 3 (Kuida et al., 1996) or caspase 9 (Kuida et al., 1998) leads to massive overgrowth and folding of the neocortex. Constitutive activation of the Notch ...
... manipulation of this process can greatly alter cortical size (Haydar et al., 1999; Rakic, 2005). Loss of progenitor apoptosis by knockout of caspase 3 (Kuida et al., 1996) or caspase 9 (Kuida et al., 1998) leads to massive overgrowth and folding of the neocortex. Constitutive activation of the Notch ...
Cerebellum. - Department of Physiology
... The cerebellum (Latin for “little brain”) is a strategic part of the nervous system. It contains more neurons and circuitry than all the remainder of the brain, and it packs this into only 10% of total brain weight. It covers the dorsal surface of the brainstem and comprises the largest part of the ...
... The cerebellum (Latin for “little brain”) is a strategic part of the nervous system. It contains more neurons and circuitry than all the remainder of the brain, and it packs this into only 10% of total brain weight. It covers the dorsal surface of the brainstem and comprises the largest part of the ...
Amelioration of Delayed Neuronal Death in the Hippocampus by
... and 2, eventhoughthe cell somawas still present.After 1 week,all the pyramidal cellstogetherwith dendrites disappeared without NGF treatment. Treatment with NGF preventedthe early destructionof dendritic structures. ...
... and 2, eventhoughthe cell somawas still present.After 1 week,all the pyramidal cellstogetherwith dendrites disappeared without NGF treatment. Treatment with NGF preventedthe early destructionof dendritic structures. ...
Imaging the Functional Organization of Zebrafish
... Eaton model predicts that escapes elicited by rostral stimuli should activate the entire set of homologs, whereas caudal stimuli should activate just the Mauthner cell. These predictions have not been tested previously because no one has been able to record the activity of MiD2cm and MiD3cm during e ...
... Eaton model predicts that escapes elicited by rostral stimuli should activate the entire set of homologs, whereas caudal stimuli should activate just the Mauthner cell. These predictions have not been tested previously because no one has been able to record the activity of MiD2cm and MiD3cm during e ...
Document
... However, in contrast we demonstrate that the biologically inspired model discussed in this paper can continue to offer robust performance with this kind of problem, and that the model is able to correctly identify stimuli with considerable flexibility about what part of a stimulus is visible. 1.2. T ...
... However, in contrast we demonstrate that the biologically inspired model discussed in this paper can continue to offer robust performance with this kind of problem, and that the model is able to correctly identify stimuli with considerable flexibility about what part of a stimulus is visible. 1.2. T ...
Capogna Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014
... cells [29]. These interneurons fire broad action potentials and display firing adaptation [30]. Other interneurons express CB and somatostatin (SOM) [31], and some of them also express the neuropeptide Y (NPY) [32]. The SOM+ cell types selectively target dendrites [33], similar to SOM+ Martinotti ce ...
... cells [29]. These interneurons fire broad action potentials and display firing adaptation [30]. Other interneurons express CB and somatostatin (SOM) [31], and some of them also express the neuropeptide Y (NPY) [32]. The SOM+ cell types selectively target dendrites [33], similar to SOM+ Martinotti ce ...
Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Polymicrogyria
... migrate along radial glia to their final destination. The radial cells are initially pseudostratified bipolar immature cells originating from primitive neuroepithelium. The processes of the radial glia, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), are vimentin positive and extend from the walls of the ve ...
... migrate along radial glia to their final destination. The radial cells are initially pseudostratified bipolar immature cells originating from primitive neuroepithelium. The processes of the radial glia, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), are vimentin positive and extend from the walls of the ve ...
Roles for miRNAs in Timing Developmental Progression Within
... In their role as heterochronic genes in C. elegans, lin4, and let-7 family miRNAs function globally (Moss, 2007). However, if miRNAs are to function as timers in the developmental progression of neurons, they must show dynamic and/or localized expression: They may be transiently expressed globally o ...
... In their role as heterochronic genes in C. elegans, lin4, and let-7 family miRNAs function globally (Moss, 2007). However, if miRNAs are to function as timers in the developmental progression of neurons, they must show dynamic and/or localized expression: They may be transiently expressed globally o ...
Migration and Differentiation of Neural Crest
... Cell culture for immunohistochemistry. Neural tubes were isolated as described above, except that shorter pieces of the trunk were used (the last 5 somites and the segmental plate). Neural tubes were cultured on plastic or on collagen. Twenty or 36 hr after culturing the neural tubes, explants were ...
... Cell culture for immunohistochemistry. Neural tubes were isolated as described above, except that shorter pieces of the trunk were used (the last 5 somites and the segmental plate). Neural tubes were cultured on plastic or on collagen. Twenty or 36 hr after culturing the neural tubes, explants were ...
The fate of Nissl-stained dark neurons following
... immediately to 6 h after TBI (Fig. 3b, e). The number of N-DNs observed during this period was signiWcantly higher than that in the region distant from the contusion (P < 0.01 at 15 and 30 min after TBI; Figs. 2b, 3b). The number of total neurons at the point of 24 h after TBI was decreased compared ...
... immediately to 6 h after TBI (Fig. 3b, e). The number of N-DNs observed during this period was signiWcantly higher than that in the region distant from the contusion (P < 0.01 at 15 and 30 min after TBI; Figs. 2b, 3b). The number of total neurons at the point of 24 h after TBI was decreased compared ...
Germinal center B cells recognize antigen through a
... signaling in GC B cells exists, which together with the requirement for the T cell help, suggests that BCR signaling is not sufficient for GC B cell selection. However, despite the importance of GC B cell antigen acquisition from synapses with FDCs, GC B cell synapse formation and its contribution t ...
... signaling in GC B cells exists, which together with the requirement for the T cell help, suggests that BCR signaling is not sufficient for GC B cell selection. However, despite the importance of GC B cell antigen acquisition from synapses with FDCs, GC B cell synapse formation and its contribution t ...
Maturation of Layer V Pyramidal Neurons in the Rat Prefrontal
... 1991; Goldman-Rakic 1990). Excitatory recurrent neural circuits in the PFC are believed to form the cellular basis for the working memory (Fuster and Alexander 1971; Kubota and Niki 1971; Wang 2001). As expected, dysfunction of the PFC has been implicated in several mental illnesses, particularly sc ...
... 1991; Goldman-Rakic 1990). Excitatory recurrent neural circuits in the PFC are believed to form the cellular basis for the working memory (Fuster and Alexander 1971; Kubota and Niki 1971; Wang 2001). As expected, dysfunction of the PFC has been implicated in several mental illnesses, particularly sc ...
Loss of Neurons in Magnocellular and Parvocellular Layers of the
... layers 1 and 2 are magnocellular layers, while the remaining dorsal layers 3 through 6 are parvocellular layers. Layers 1, 4, and 6 of the left LGN are connected to the glaucomatous right eye, while layers 2, 3, and 5 are connected to the nonglaucomatous left eye. To determine whether neurons are lo ...
... layers 1 and 2 are magnocellular layers, while the remaining dorsal layers 3 through 6 are parvocellular layers. Layers 1, 4, and 6 of the left LGN are connected to the glaucomatous right eye, while layers 2, 3, and 5 are connected to the nonglaucomatous left eye. To determine whether neurons are lo ...
Assisted morphogenesis: glial control of dendrite
... act on dendrites [25]. For example, the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein Slit is expressed by specialized midline glia of the Drosophila central nervous system [26,27], and acts to repel axon growth cones that express the Slit receptor Robo [28,29]. In robo mutants, the dendrites of some neurons i ...
... act on dendrites [25]. For example, the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein Slit is expressed by specialized midline glia of the Drosophila central nervous system [26,27], and acts to repel axon growth cones that express the Slit receptor Robo [28,29]. In robo mutants, the dendrites of some neurons i ...
Visual Receptive Field Properties of Neurons in the Superficial
... pref and Ropp at pref⫹; and (2) orientation selectivity index (OSI) ⫽ (R⬘pref ⫺ Rorth)/(R⬘pref ⫹ Rorth), where R⬘pref was the mean response of Rpref and Ropp (as pref and pref⫹ had the same orientation), and Rorth was the mean response to the two directions orthogonal to pref. Note that the O ...
... pref and Ropp at pref⫹; and (2) orientation selectivity index (OSI) ⫽ (R⬘pref ⫺ Rorth)/(R⬘pref ⫹ Rorth), where R⬘pref was the mean response of Rpref and Ropp (as pref and pref⫹ had the same orientation), and Rorth was the mean response to the two directions orthogonal to pref. Note that the O ...
Subventricular zone
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. It is composed of four distinct layers of variable thickness and cell density, as well as cellular composition. Along with the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the SVZ is one of two places where neurogenesis has been found to occur in the adult mammalian brain.