Time Constants of h Current in Layer II Stellate Cells... along the Dorsal to Ventral Axis of Medial Entorhinal Cortex
... in MATLAB analyzed segments of membrane potential recorded near firing threshold. The membrane potential recordings were divided into 3-s-long windows that overlapped by 1.5 s. Windows containing a spike were removed from the analysis. The maximum length of the recording analyzed was 186 s, with a m ...
... in MATLAB analyzed segments of membrane potential recorded near firing threshold. The membrane potential recordings were divided into 3-s-long windows that overlapped by 1.5 s. Windows containing a spike were removed from the analysis. The maximum length of the recording analyzed was 186 s, with a m ...
Gradual increase in neuronal density of rats
... 13. Meyer G, Albus K. Topography and cortical projections of morphologically identified neurons in the visual thalamus of the cat. J Comp Neurol 1981; 201: 353-374. 14. Hitchcock PF, Hickey TL. Morphology of C-laminae neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat: a Golgi ...
... 13. Meyer G, Albus K. Topography and cortical projections of morphologically identified neurons in the visual thalamus of the cat. J Comp Neurol 1981; 201: 353-374. 14. Hitchcock PF, Hickey TL. Morphology of C-laminae neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat: a Golgi ...
Topographic cues of nanoscale height direct neuronal growth pattern
... heights. The majority of processes that come across ridges of 150 and 100 nm height are affected. For lower ridges of 75 nm height and 50 nm height the percentage of affected processes decreases but still more than half of the processes are affected. For the lower ridges of 25 and 10 nm the percenta ...
... heights. The majority of processes that come across ridges of 150 and 100 nm height are affected. For lower ridges of 75 nm height and 50 nm height the percentage of affected processes decreases but still more than half of the processes are affected. For the lower ridges of 25 and 10 nm the percenta ...
Reciprocal Connectivity of Identified Color
... form a mutually connected network. In this report, we carried out several tracer injection experiments combined with electrophysiological identification of the color-selective regions. The basic question is from where does the AITC receive input and, more specifically, whether the PITC directly projec ...
... form a mutually connected network. In this report, we carried out several tracer injection experiments combined with electrophysiological identification of the color-selective regions. The basic question is from where does the AITC receive input and, more specifically, whether the PITC directly projec ...
New perspectives on the evolution of protochordate sensory and
... and reticulospinal system (Lacalli & Kelly 1999, 2000). However, with the exception of the pineal homologue, represented in amphioxus by the lamellar body, the major dorsal structures used by vertebrates for sensory integration, i.e. the telencephalon and mesencephalic tectum, are missing (Lacalli 1 ...
... and reticulospinal system (Lacalli & Kelly 1999, 2000). However, with the exception of the pineal homologue, represented in amphioxus by the lamellar body, the major dorsal structures used by vertebrates for sensory integration, i.e. the telencephalon and mesencephalic tectum, are missing (Lacalli 1 ...
Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells form functionally
... cortical interneurons is well documented1–3, principal cells are typically grouped together on the basis of their cortical layer and/or subregion assignments. However, several recent observations have suggested that there are distinct subgroups of principal neurons with different properties, projec ...
... cortical interneurons is well documented1–3, principal cells are typically grouped together on the basis of their cortical layer and/or subregion assignments. However, several recent observations have suggested that there are distinct subgroups of principal neurons with different properties, projec ...
neuronal types and their specification dynamics in
... In paper I, we describe the role of the Homeobox transcription factor HMX1 and receptor signalling in directing neuronal fate during embryogenesis. We propose a new model for sympathetic specification in which mature noradrenergic and cholinergic types emerge from a common progenitor and neuronal id ...
... In paper I, we describe the role of the Homeobox transcription factor HMX1 and receptor signalling in directing neuronal fate during embryogenesis. We propose a new model for sympathetic specification in which mature noradrenergic and cholinergic types emerge from a common progenitor and neuronal id ...
Neurodevelopmental mechanisms of schizophrenia: understanding
... Figure 1. Long-term neurodevelopmental processes disturbed in SZ. The upper part depicts normal corticogenesis: radial migration of neural progenitor cells from the subventricular zone towards the cortical plate to form the well-defined cortical layers and elimination of connections in adolescence. ...
... Figure 1. Long-term neurodevelopmental processes disturbed in SZ. The upper part depicts normal corticogenesis: radial migration of neural progenitor cells from the subventricular zone towards the cortical plate to form the well-defined cortical layers and elimination of connections in adolescence. ...
The Role of NMDA and Non-NMDA Excitatory Amino Acid
... zon was aligned with the edge of the cord. The pin was then cut off and the free end of the dialvsis fiber attached with cvanoacrylate to PE-20 tubing connected to a 5 ml syringe. The syringe was seated in an infusion pump and a constant flow of 5 rllmin of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) was ...
... zon was aligned with the edge of the cord. The pin was then cut off and the free end of the dialvsis fiber attached with cvanoacrylate to PE-20 tubing connected to a 5 ml syringe. The syringe was seated in an infusion pump and a constant flow of 5 rllmin of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) was ...
Neuronal Processing of Chemical Information in Crustaceans Chapter 7
... both types of receptor neurons mainly respond to small water-soluble molecules such as amino acids. The dichotomy in sensilla structure is reflected in the organization of the associated CNS pathways. Olfactory receptor neurons selectively innervate a synaptic region in the midbrain, the olfactory l ...
... both types of receptor neurons mainly respond to small water-soluble molecules such as amino acids. The dichotomy in sensilla structure is reflected in the organization of the associated CNS pathways. Olfactory receptor neurons selectively innervate a synaptic region in the midbrain, the olfactory l ...
Target neuron prespecification in the olfactory map of Drosophila
... prespeci®ed by lineage and birth order to form a synapse with speci®c incoming ORN axons, and therefore to carry speci®c olfactory information. This prespeci®cation could be used to hardwire the ¯y's olfactory system, enabling stereotyped behavioural responses to odorants. Developmental studies lead ...
... prespeci®ed by lineage and birth order to form a synapse with speci®c incoming ORN axons, and therefore to carry speci®c olfactory information. This prespeci®cation could be used to hardwire the ¯y's olfactory system, enabling stereotyped behavioural responses to odorants. Developmental studies lead ...
here - Aerotoxic Association
... 26–28 daily doses of LD50 (25 µg/kg, i.m.) sarin to produce OPIDN in the hen.19 OPIDN has been divided into 3 classes: Type I is caused by the pentavalent phosphates and phosphonates, as well as their sulfur analogs; Type II is produced by the trivalent phosphites;20 and Type III is induced by phos ...
... 26–28 daily doses of LD50 (25 µg/kg, i.m.) sarin to produce OPIDN in the hen.19 OPIDN has been divided into 3 classes: Type I is caused by the pentavalent phosphates and phosphonates, as well as their sulfur analogs; Type II is produced by the trivalent phosphites;20 and Type III is induced by phos ...
The Octopus: A Model for a Comparative Analysis of the Evolution of
... quantify (Boycott and Young, 1955a). Furthermore, due to the octopus’s natural “curiosity,” this pattern of behavior can be initiated by various artificial targets, thus creating conditions ideal for visual discrimination experiments (Fiorito and Scotto, 1992). Third, octopuses are resilient to inva ...
... quantify (Boycott and Young, 1955a). Furthermore, due to the octopus’s natural “curiosity,” this pattern of behavior can be initiated by various artificial targets, thus creating conditions ideal for visual discrimination experiments (Fiorito and Scotto, 1992). Third, octopuses are resilient to inva ...
In LHRH neurons
... This is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and it is found in the hypothalamus. ...
... This is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and it is found in the hypothalamus. ...
Saccade-induced activity of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus X
... Sherman & Koch, 1986). From these facts it may be expected that these pathways are affected differently during saccadic eye movements. Thus, the purpose of this study was twofold. First, we wanted to reveal the effect of the pretectal nuclear complex projection on LGNd relay neurons. This was achiev ...
... Sherman & Koch, 1986). From these facts it may be expected that these pathways are affected differently during saccadic eye movements. Thus, the purpose of this study was twofold. First, we wanted to reveal the effect of the pretectal nuclear complex projection on LGNd relay neurons. This was achiev ...
PDF
... L3/Lhx8) (Grigoriou et al., 1998; Matsumoto et al., 1996) have been implicated in the development of MGE derivatives, including cortical GABAergic interneurons and ventral forebrain cholinergic neurons (FCNs) (Alifragis et al., 2004; Bachy and Retaux, 2006; Du et al., 2008; Fragkouli et al., 2005; L ...
... L3/Lhx8) (Grigoriou et al., 1998; Matsumoto et al., 1996) have been implicated in the development of MGE derivatives, including cortical GABAergic interneurons and ventral forebrain cholinergic neurons (FCNs) (Alifragis et al., 2004; Bachy and Retaux, 2006; Du et al., 2008; Fragkouli et al., 2005; L ...
Moving the Shh Source over Time: What Impact on Neural Cell
... in the pMN domain [23]. However, Shh concentration is not the only level of regulation as duration of exposure to Shh also influences the response to the morphogen, with ventral identities requiring longer time of Shh exposure to be established [24,25]. Therefore, progenitor domains form sequentiall ...
... in the pMN domain [23]. However, Shh concentration is not the only level of regulation as duration of exposure to Shh also influences the response to the morphogen, with ventral identities requiring longer time of Shh exposure to be established [24,25]. Therefore, progenitor domains form sequentiall ...
Rhythmicity, randomness and synchrony in climbing fiber signals
... nuclear loop is essential for developing or enhancing these involuntary rhythmic movements. Thus, it could be that the rhythmic activity is controlled within the olivo– cerebello–nuclear loop in normal conditions. LTD at climbing fiber–Purkinje cell synapses [35–37] is a good candidate for mediating ...
... nuclear loop is essential for developing or enhancing these involuntary rhythmic movements. Thus, it could be that the rhythmic activity is controlled within the olivo– cerebello–nuclear loop in normal conditions. LTD at climbing fiber–Purkinje cell synapses [35–37] is a good candidate for mediating ...
Enriched Expression of GluD1 in Higher Brain Regions and Its
... Of the two members of the ␦ subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptors, GluD2 is exclusively expressed at parallel fiber–Purkinje cell (PF–PC) synapses in the cerebellum and regulates their structural and functional connectivity. However, little is known to date regarding cellular and synaptic expr ...
... Of the two members of the ␦ subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptors, GluD2 is exclusively expressed at parallel fiber–Purkinje cell (PF–PC) synapses in the cerebellum and regulates their structural and functional connectivity. However, little is known to date regarding cellular and synaptic expr ...
Unsupervised Learning of Cell Activities in the Associative Cortex of Behaving Monkeys, Using HMM
... via synapses, each neuron typically receiving 104 - 105 synapses [1]. It is assumed that this structure enables the brain to perform the complicated actions it is capable of. The basic question emerging from this structure concerns its relationship to the complex action for which it is responsible. ...
... via synapses, each neuron typically receiving 104 - 105 synapses [1]. It is assumed that this structure enables the brain to perform the complicated actions it is capable of. The basic question emerging from this structure concerns its relationship to the complex action for which it is responsible. ...
The Nervous System
... from, and within the central nervous system. They are held in place by glia, or glial cells (from the Greek for “glue”), which make up 90 percent of the brain’s cells. For a long time, people thought that glial cells merely provided scaffolding for the more important and exciting neurons. We now kno ...
... from, and within the central nervous system. They are held in place by glia, or glial cells (from the Greek for “glue”), which make up 90 percent of the brain’s cells. For a long time, people thought that glial cells merely provided scaffolding for the more important and exciting neurons. We now kno ...
pdf file - Center for Theoretical Neuroscience
... OFF varieties is one of the resemblances that led Hubel and Wiesel to propose their model, but it is only the most rudimentary resemblance between the two receptive field types. In addition, the widths of simple cell subfields are comparable to those of relay cell receptive field centers at similar ...
... OFF varieties is one of the resemblances that led Hubel and Wiesel to propose their model, but it is only the most rudimentary resemblance between the two receptive field types. In addition, the widths of simple cell subfields are comparable to those of relay cell receptive field centers at similar ...
MUSHROOM BODY MEMOIR: FROM MAPS TO MODELS
... How are odour qualities represented in the mushroom bodies? This is an open question. For our discussion of olfactory memory, I will simplify the problem (BOX 2). Let us assume that the glomeruli in the antennal lobe are all-or-none detectors of POQs, and that each odour is defined for an animal by ...
... How are odour qualities represented in the mushroom bodies? This is an open question. For our discussion of olfactory memory, I will simplify the problem (BOX 2). Let us assume that the glomeruli in the antennal lobe are all-or-none detectors of POQs, and that each odour is defined for an animal by ...
Subventricular zone
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. It is composed of four distinct layers of variable thickness and cell density, as well as cellular composition. Along with the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the SVZ is one of two places where neurogenesis has been found to occur in the adult mammalian brain.