Self-referential forces are sufficient to explain different dendritic
... parameters (Table 1; we include an exemplary configuration file for each simulation in the Supplementary Materials). The main parameters of the algorithm describe the strength, spatial gradient, and extent of the local growth biases, and the branching and extension processes. A second subset of para ...
... parameters (Table 1; we include an exemplary configuration file for each simulation in the Supplementary Materials). The main parameters of the algorithm describe the strength, spatial gradient, and extent of the local growth biases, and the branching and extension processes. A second subset of para ...
Fernando de Castro and the discovery of the arterial chemoreceptors
... A few pages down, de Castro wrote: “The Glomus represents an organ with multiple receptors furnished with specialized receptor cells like those of other sensory organs [taste buds?]. . .As a plausible hypothesis we propose that the Glomus caroticum represents a sensory organ, at present the only one ...
... A few pages down, de Castro wrote: “The Glomus represents an organ with multiple receptors furnished with specialized receptor cells like those of other sensory organs [taste buds?]. . .As a plausible hypothesis we propose that the Glomus caroticum represents a sensory organ, at present the only one ...
Axonal morphometry of hippocampal pyramidal neurons semi
... N20, its output scan is saved as N20.jpg). All images belonging to a particular slice are stored in a directory whose name reflects the slice number itself. The color intensity of the scanner output must be digitally equalized to control for the effects of ambient temperature, vibration, light bulb ...
... N20, its output scan is saved as N20.jpg). All images belonging to a particular slice are stored in a directory whose name reflects the slice number itself. The color intensity of the scanner output must be digitally equalized to control for the effects of ambient temperature, vibration, light bulb ...
Nerve Cells and Insect Behavior—Studies on Crickets1 This report
... 7. Aggression and phonotaxis Male crickets perform phonotaxis (Fig. 6A) (Weber, 1989; Weber and Hissmann, unpublished results). This strategy allows FIG. 2. Design and analysis for studying cricket unsuccessful calling males in the field to phonotaxis on the treadmill under closed-loop conditions. A ...
... 7. Aggression and phonotaxis Male crickets perform phonotaxis (Fig. 6A) (Weber, 1989; Weber and Hissmann, unpublished results). This strategy allows FIG. 2. Design and analysis for studying cricket unsuccessful calling males in the field to phonotaxis on the treadmill under closed-loop conditions. A ...
Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions during Learning May Occur by Lactate
... locus coeruleus (LC) were found to be stimulated by astrocytereleased lactate, with EC50 ∼ 0.5 mmol/L, seemingly through a still unknown Gs -protein coupled receptor (Tang et al., 2014). As cerebral cortex and hippocampus are extensively innervated by LC axons it is conceivable that a minor, physiol ...
... locus coeruleus (LC) were found to be stimulated by astrocytereleased lactate, with EC50 ∼ 0.5 mmol/L, seemingly through a still unknown Gs -protein coupled receptor (Tang et al., 2014). As cerebral cortex and hippocampus are extensively innervated by LC axons it is conceivable that a minor, physiol ...
PDF
... Dye injection and tissue processing Our methods for exposing and injecting the DCN with BDA (mw 10,000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) have been described in detail previously (Doucet and Ryugo, 1997) and so will be outlined only briefly. Each rat was anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of ...
... Dye injection and tissue processing Our methods for exposing and injecting the DCN with BDA (mw 10,000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) have been described in detail previously (Doucet and Ryugo, 1997) and so will be outlined only briefly. Each rat was anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of ...
Sonic hedgehog and cerebellum development
... Purkinje neurons could then act on oEGL cells and in cells within the PL. The distribution of SHH protein and its localization with respect to a variety of cell-specific markers as prelude for functional studies was carried out in the chick cerebellum, as the pattern of cerebellar cell types is high ...
... Purkinje neurons could then act on oEGL cells and in cells within the PL. The distribution of SHH protein and its localization with respect to a variety of cell-specific markers as prelude for functional studies was carried out in the chick cerebellum, as the pattern of cerebellar cell types is high ...
Neuronal rebound spiking, resonance frequency and theta
... input from the medial septum with different phases according to the equation: Ims ¼ m sinð2pft þ 2pði/nÞÞ, where f is the medial septal frequency, i is the interneuron index and n is the total number of interneurons along one ‘line’ of the model. In the spiking versions of the model described below, ...
... input from the medial septum with different phases according to the equation: Ims ¼ m sinð2pft þ 2pði/nÞÞ, where f is the medial septal frequency, i is the interneuron index and n is the total number of interneurons along one ‘line’ of the model. In the spiking versions of the model described below, ...
The emerging framework of mammalian auditory hindbrain
... (MGN), a thalamic area in the forebrain, before reaching the auditory cortex. Most data concerning the anatomy of the auditory pathway have been obtained in mammalian model systems such as rodents or cats. With respect to hearing disorders, it is important to notice that the basic layout is conserve ...
... (MGN), a thalamic area in the forebrain, before reaching the auditory cortex. Most data concerning the anatomy of the auditory pathway have been obtained in mammalian model systems such as rodents or cats. With respect to hearing disorders, it is important to notice that the basic layout is conserve ...
Optophysiological analysis of associational circuits in the olfactory
... Price, 1983b; Piredda and Gale, 1985; Behan and Haberly, 1999; Ekstrand et al., 2001; Neville and Haberly, 2004), but information at the level of cellular connectivity remains scarce (Franks and Isaacson, 2005; Wiegand et al., 2011). Modern molecular biological and viral techniques promise to yield ...
... Price, 1983b; Piredda and Gale, 1985; Behan and Haberly, 1999; Ekstrand et al., 2001; Neville and Haberly, 2004), but information at the level of cellular connectivity remains scarce (Franks and Isaacson, 2005; Wiegand et al., 2011). Modern molecular biological and viral techniques promise to yield ...
Grid Cell Firing May Arise From Interference of Theta Frequency
... DERIVATION OF BURGESS MODEL FROM EXPERIMENTAL CONSTANT H This section demonstrates how Eq. (1), determined entirely from experimental data, can be used to derive the model of grid cells presented by Burgess et al. (2005, 2007). This derivation demonstrates that the model is not just an ad hoc accoun ...
... DERIVATION OF BURGESS MODEL FROM EXPERIMENTAL CONSTANT H This section demonstrates how Eq. (1), determined entirely from experimental data, can be used to derive the model of grid cells presented by Burgess et al. (2005, 2007). This derivation demonstrates that the model is not just an ad hoc accoun ...
Linköping University Post Print the developmental age of the cells
... (Glut3) expression is reduced with increasing neuronal age (Fattoretti et al. 2001). Patel and Brewer (2003) found that the rate of glucose uptake in cultured embryonic neurons was threefold greater than in neurons taken from middle-aged and old donor rats. Thus, it is possible that the age of neuro ...
... (Glut3) expression is reduced with increasing neuronal age (Fattoretti et al. 2001). Patel and Brewer (2003) found that the rate of glucose uptake in cultured embryonic neurons was threefold greater than in neurons taken from middle-aged and old donor rats. Thus, it is possible that the age of neuro ...
HYPOTHALAMUS
... Plate 29 shows the relationship of troph-hormone producing cells to fenestrated capillaries in the anterior pituitary. The magno- and parvocellular cell groups producing the hypothalamic hormones receive a variety of stimuli from different parts of the brain, primarily within the hypothalamus, but ...
... Plate 29 shows the relationship of troph-hormone producing cells to fenestrated capillaries in the anterior pituitary. The magno- and parvocellular cell groups producing the hypothalamic hormones receive a variety of stimuli from different parts of the brain, primarily within the hypothalamus, but ...
Chapter 2: Communication Within the Nervous System
... rather than limited to the usual topics of sleep and split-brain behavior. These two chapters strongly reinforce the theme that biopsychology is personally relevant and capable of addressing important questions. Brain and Behavior has several features that will motivate students to learn and encoura ...
... rather than limited to the usual topics of sleep and split-brain behavior. These two chapters strongly reinforce the theme that biopsychology is personally relevant and capable of addressing important questions. Brain and Behavior has several features that will motivate students to learn and encoura ...
Clonal heterogeneity in the germinal zone of the
... and then migrate out to their mature positions in the developing forebrain (Angevine and Sidman, 1961; Smart and Sturrock, 1979; Caviness et al., 1981; Caviness, 1982). Early in embryonic development, the whole germinal zone corresponds to the ventricular zone; all ventricular zone cells are thought ...
... and then migrate out to their mature positions in the developing forebrain (Angevine and Sidman, 1961; Smart and Sturrock, 1979; Caviness et al., 1981; Caviness, 1982). Early in embryonic development, the whole germinal zone corresponds to the ventricular zone; all ventricular zone cells are thought ...
Nerve Growth Factor and Alzheimer`s Disease
... tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, and has been shown to mediate cell death signals as similar to TNF receptor and Fas antigen. However, as the cell death through p75 is suppressed when TrkA is coexpressed, survival signal of TrkA is considered to be manifested in preference to cell death ...
... tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, and has been shown to mediate cell death signals as similar to TNF receptor and Fas antigen. However, as the cell death through p75 is suppressed when TrkA is coexpressed, survival signal of TrkA is considered to be manifested in preference to cell death ...
Centrosome Motility Is Essential for Initial Axon Formation in the Neocortex
... site of initial axon outgrowth. In contrast, in retinal ganglion cells of the developing zebrafish embryo, the centrosome position is reported to be opposite to the site of axon formation (Zolessi et al., 2006). Moreover, flies without centrioles develop normal neurons (Basto et al., 2006). It was d ...
... site of initial axon outgrowth. In contrast, in retinal ganglion cells of the developing zebrafish embryo, the centrosome position is reported to be opposite to the site of axon formation (Zolessi et al., 2006). Moreover, flies without centrioles develop normal neurons (Basto et al., 2006). It was d ...
The dynamic spatio-temporal behavior of visual responses in
... cannot be described merely by using the mean impulse rate and we will discuss their possible influence on visual information processing. Then, we will show that the response characteristics of thalamic and cortical cells can change rather strongly in a way correlated with the global state of the bra ...
... cannot be described merely by using the mean impulse rate and we will discuss their possible influence on visual information processing. Then, we will show that the response characteristics of thalamic and cortical cells can change rather strongly in a way correlated with the global state of the bra ...
Synaptic Inputs to Stellate Cells in the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
... weakest shocks where delays were a little longer. The minimum latencies ranged between 0.48 and 0.92 ms (mean Å 0.70 { 0.13, n Å 53). These latencies indicate that the EPSPs were monosynaptic and therefore that they reflect direct input from the auditory nerve. A consistent feature of T stellate cel ...
... weakest shocks where delays were a little longer. The minimum latencies ranged between 0.48 and 0.92 ms (mean Å 0.70 { 0.13, n Å 53). These latencies indicate that the EPSPs were monosynaptic and therefore that they reflect direct input from the auditory nerve. A consistent feature of T stellate cel ...
Lateral olfactory processing
... mammalian olfactory bulb and its insect analog, the antennal lobe. These results are now beginning to elaborate which of these circuit motifs are operative in early olfactory processing and what role they play in odor coding (Aungst et al 2003; McGann et al. 2005; Olsen et al. 2007; Shang et al. 200 ...
... mammalian olfactory bulb and its insect analog, the antennal lobe. These results are now beginning to elaborate which of these circuit motifs are operative in early olfactory processing and what role they play in odor coding (Aungst et al 2003; McGann et al. 2005; Olsen et al. 2007; Shang et al. 200 ...
The Location and Function of NMDA Receptors in Cat
... response of the cell did not appear to be affected by the above procedure, then APV was ejected at 20 nA for 3 min, and, if there was still no effect, at 30 nA for 3-5 min. Analysis ofduta. When the cells were analyzed off-line, the following criteria were used to assess the significance and reliabi ...
... response of the cell did not appear to be affected by the above procedure, then APV was ejected at 20 nA for 3 min, and, if there was still no effect, at 30 nA for 3-5 min. Analysis ofduta. When the cells were analyzed off-line, the following criteria were used to assess the significance and reliabi ...
The W cell pathway to cat primary visual cortex
... total of 231 synaptic boutons from layers 1, 2/3, and 5 (95 from layer 1, 69 from layer 2/3, and 67 from layer 5) in two cats. Almost half (118 boutons) were sectioned serially and completely reconstructed. The remainder (113) were less complete, often single sections, but more if it was necessary t ...
... total of 231 synaptic boutons from layers 1, 2/3, and 5 (95 from layer 1, 69 from layer 2/3, and 67 from layer 5) in two cats. Almost half (118 boutons) were sectioned serially and completely reconstructed. The remainder (113) were less complete, often single sections, but more if it was necessary t ...
Subventricular zone
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. It is composed of four distinct layers of variable thickness and cell density, as well as cellular composition. Along with the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the SVZ is one of two places where neurogenesis has been found to occur in the adult mammalian brain.