File
... adding and subtracting wave functions) gives n MOs (new wave functions) • MOs are arranged in order of increasing energy • MO filling is governed by the same rules as for atomic orbitals: • Aufbau principle: fill beginning with LUMO • Pauli exclusion principle: no more than 2e- in a MO • Hund’s rule ...
... adding and subtracting wave functions) gives n MOs (new wave functions) • MOs are arranged in order of increasing energy • MO filling is governed by the same rules as for atomic orbitals: • Aufbau principle: fill beginning with LUMO • Pauli exclusion principle: no more than 2e- in a MO • Hund’s rule ...
AP Chem Ch 21 Organic chemistry
... adding and subtracting wave functions) gives n MOs (new wave functions) • MOs are arranged in order of increasing energy • MO filling is governed by the same rules as for atomic orbitals: • Aufbau principle: fill beginning with LUMO • Pauli exclusion principle: no more than 2e- in a MO • Hund’s rule ...
... adding and subtracting wave functions) gives n MOs (new wave functions) • MOs are arranged in order of increasing energy • MO filling is governed by the same rules as for atomic orbitals: • Aufbau principle: fill beginning with LUMO • Pauli exclusion principle: no more than 2e- in a MO • Hund’s rule ...
Drawing Organic Structures Functional Groups Constitutional Isomers
... • [14] annulene • [#] is number of atoms in ring • Annulene = cyclic, conjugated hydrocarbon ...
... • [14] annulene • [#] is number of atoms in ring • Annulene = cyclic, conjugated hydrocarbon ...
Electrochemistry
... Step 2: Separate the equation into two half-reactions Step 3: Balance each half-reaction for number and type of atoms and charges. (Look at medium) Step 4: Add the two half-reactions together and balance the final equation by inspection. The electrons on both sides must cancel. (Be sure they are equ ...
... Step 2: Separate the equation into two half-reactions Step 3: Balance each half-reaction for number and type of atoms and charges. (Look at medium) Step 4: Add the two half-reactions together and balance the final equation by inspection. The electrons on both sides must cancel. (Be sure they are equ ...
Chapter 7 Alkenes and Alkynes I
... Zaitzev’s Rule: when two different alkene products are possible in an elimination, the most highly substituted (most stable) alkene will be the major product ...
... Zaitzev’s Rule: when two different alkene products are possible in an elimination, the most highly substituted (most stable) alkene will be the major product ...
76.5 KB - KFUPM Resources v3
... From scandium, Sc, to cobalt, Co, there are just 7 transition metals, and thus the valence electron configuration must be 4s23d7. The 4s2 electrons are in 1 orbitals and thus paired. According to Hund's rule, into the set of 5 degenerate 3d orbitals first we place 5 unpaired electrons each one into ...
... From scandium, Sc, to cobalt, Co, there are just 7 transition metals, and thus the valence electron configuration must be 4s23d7. The 4s2 electrons are in 1 orbitals and thus paired. According to Hund's rule, into the set of 5 degenerate 3d orbitals first we place 5 unpaired electrons each one into ...
Major 02
... From scandium, Sc, to cobalt, Co, there are just 7 transition metals, and thus the valence electron configuration must be 4s23d7. The 4s2 electrons are in 1 orbitals and thus paired. According to Hund's rule, into the set of 5 degenerate 3d orbitals first we place 5 unpaired electrons each one into ...
... From scandium, Sc, to cobalt, Co, there are just 7 transition metals, and thus the valence electron configuration must be 4s23d7. The 4s2 electrons are in 1 orbitals and thus paired. According to Hund's rule, into the set of 5 degenerate 3d orbitals first we place 5 unpaired electrons each one into ...
REDOX PowerPoint - Southmoreland School District
... 4. The oxidation number of hydrogen is ___ except when it is bonded to metals in binary compounds. In these cases, its oxidation number is ___. (LiAlH4) 5. Group IA metals are ___, IIA metals are ___ and fluorine is always ___. 6. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in a molecule or io ...
... 4. The oxidation number of hydrogen is ___ except when it is bonded to metals in binary compounds. In these cases, its oxidation number is ___. (LiAlH4) 5. Group IA metals are ___, IIA metals are ___ and fluorine is always ___. 6. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in a molecule or io ...
Experiment 4- Alkene
... Two mechanisms are possible for this dehydration reaction. The loss of H2O and H+ can occur in one step if the alcohol is primary: E2 mechanism (elimination bimolecular). Otherwise, if the alcohol is tertiary or has other structural features that can stabilize the corresponding carbocation, the elim ...
... Two mechanisms are possible for this dehydration reaction. The loss of H2O and H+ can occur in one step if the alcohol is primary: E2 mechanism (elimination bimolecular). Otherwise, if the alcohol is tertiary or has other structural features that can stabilize the corresponding carbocation, the elim ...
Nucleophilic Substitution Swapping
... We show the product as HBr and not just Br- because it is molecular and the H in the water is not an ion like Na+ or K+. As well, H3O+ forms, which we rewrite as H+ and the water from the H3O+ is part of the (aq) ...
... We show the product as HBr and not just Br- because it is molecular and the H in the water is not an ion like Na+ or K+. As well, H3O+ forms, which we rewrite as H+ and the water from the H3O+ is part of the (aq) ...
haloalkanes (halogenoalkanes)
... carbocation, or carbonium ion, (a unimolecular process - SN1 mechanism), which is then attacked by the nucleophile. SN1 is favoured for tertiary haloalkanes where there is steric hindrance to the attack and a more stable tertiary, 3°, carbocation intermediate is formed. ...
... carbocation, or carbonium ion, (a unimolecular process - SN1 mechanism), which is then attacked by the nucleophile. SN1 is favoured for tertiary haloalkanes where there is steric hindrance to the attack and a more stable tertiary, 3°, carbocation intermediate is formed. ...
A Closure Study of the Reaction between Sulfur
... R1b. However, the majority of collisions in the direction of water molecules did not lead to the formation of new products. In this direction, either the species formed a cluster (reaction R1c) or they did not stick, in accordance with Falsig et al.18 and Ma et al.19 We found that, of the total coll ...
... R1b. However, the majority of collisions in the direction of water molecules did not lead to the formation of new products. In this direction, either the species formed a cluster (reaction R1c) or they did not stick, in accordance with Falsig et al.18 and Ma et al.19 We found that, of the total coll ...
Abbreviated Chapter 17 Powerpoint
... • Resonance forms show that the methoxy group cannot stabilize the sigma complex in the meta substitution. ...
... • Resonance forms show that the methoxy group cannot stabilize the sigma complex in the meta substitution. ...
Woodward–Hoffmann rules
The Woodward–Hoffmann rules, devised by Robert Burns Woodward and Roald Hoffmann, are a set of rules in organic chemistry predicting the barrier heights of pericyclic reactions based upon conservation of orbital symmetry. The Woodward–Hoffmann rules can be applied to understand electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions (including cheletropic reactions), sigmatropic reactions, and group transfer reactions. Reactions are classified as allowed if the electronic barrier is low, and forbidden if the barrier is high. Forbidden reactions can still take place but require significantly more energy.The Woodward–Hoffmann rules were first formulated to explain the striking stereospecificity of electrocyclic reactions under thermal and photochemical control. Thermolysis of the substituted cyclobutene trans-1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclobutene (1) gave only one diastereomer, the (E,E)-3,4-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene (2) as shown below; the (Z,Z) and the (E,Z) diastereomers were not detected in the reaction. Similarly, thermolysis of cis-1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclobutene (3) gave only the (E,Z) diastereomer (4).Due to their elegance and simplicity, the Woodward–Hoffmann rules are credited with first exemplifying the power of molecular orbital theory to experimental chemists. Hoffmann was awarded the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this work, shared with Kenichi Fukui who developed a similar model using frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory; because Woodward had died two years before, he was not eligible to win what would have been his second Nobel Prize for Chemistry.