Chemical Equilibrium
... For every NaF that breaks apart 1 Na+ and 1 Fare formed NaF(s) Na+(aq) + F-(aq) s s Ksp = [Na+][F-] or Ksp = [s][s] or Ksp = s2 For every Ag2CO3 that breaks apart 2 Ag+ and 1 CO32- are formed Ag2CO3(s) 2Ag+(aq) + CO32-(aq) 2s s Ksp = [Ag+]2[CO32-] or Ksp = [2s]2[s] or Ksp = 4s3 ...
... For every NaF that breaks apart 1 Na+ and 1 Fare formed NaF(s) Na+(aq) + F-(aq) s s Ksp = [Na+][F-] or Ksp = [s][s] or Ksp = s2 For every Ag2CO3 that breaks apart 2 Ag+ and 1 CO32- are formed Ag2CO3(s) 2Ag+(aq) + CO32-(aq) 2s s Ksp = [Ag+]2[CO32-] or Ksp = [2s]2[s] or Ksp = 4s3 ...
Version 1.6 - Clark Science Center
... the structure, color, and reactivity of molecules. Structure means we want to understand the arrangement in space of the nuclei and learn what we can about where the electrons are to be found between those nuclei. Also, how those structures influence the chemistry of the materials. Color is of inter ...
... the structure, color, and reactivity of molecules. Structure means we want to understand the arrangement in space of the nuclei and learn what we can about where the electrons are to be found between those nuclei. Also, how those structures influence the chemistry of the materials. Color is of inter ...
Free Radical Chemistry and the Preparation of Alkyl
... Both are left with an odd electron: A:B A. + B. = “free radicals” Since free radicals are reactive, further reactions will occur (chain reaction) Types of steps in the mechanism of a radical substitution reaction: Initiation: ...
... Both are left with an odd electron: A:B A. + B. = “free radicals” Since free radicals are reactive, further reactions will occur (chain reaction) Types of steps in the mechanism of a radical substitution reaction: Initiation: ...
f8560d95306293b
... and reeducing agents. Cleavage takes place under quite vigorous conditions ...
... and reeducing agents. Cleavage takes place under quite vigorous conditions ...
© John Congleton, Orange Coast College Organic Chemistry 220
... Be able to predict whether a reaction will proceed via o SN1 and E1 o S N2 o SN2 and E2 o E2 What makes a good nucleophile? What makes a good base? What makes a good leaving group? What is meant by high and low polarizability? Allylic bromination Understand, be able to predict, and be able to comple ...
... Be able to predict whether a reaction will proceed via o SN1 and E1 o S N2 o SN2 and E2 o E2 What makes a good nucleophile? What makes a good base? What makes a good leaving group? What is meant by high and low polarizability? Allylic bromination Understand, be able to predict, and be able to comple ...
CBSEGuess.com
... reacted With HBr to give (c) which is an isomer of (a). when (a) is reacted with Na metal it give (d), C818 which is different from the compound formed when n-butyl bromide is reacted with Na metal . Give the structural formula of (a) and write the equations. ...
... reacted With HBr to give (c) which is an isomer of (a). when (a) is reacted with Na metal it give (d), C818 which is different from the compound formed when n-butyl bromide is reacted with Na metal . Give the structural formula of (a) and write the equations. ...
Solvent and Temperature Effects on the Reduction and Amination
... dimethylaminoborohydride. The Hartree-Fock barrier heights are considerably higher than those predicted by the B3LYP method in almost all cases, while the only correlated ab initio method practical for these reactions, the MP2, predicts values that lie in-between but close to the DFT results. The ga ...
... dimethylaminoborohydride. The Hartree-Fock barrier heights are considerably higher than those predicted by the B3LYP method in almost all cases, while the only correlated ab initio method practical for these reactions, the MP2, predicts values that lie in-between but close to the DFT results. The ga ...
14. The Direct and Enantioselective Organocatalytic -Oxidation of Aldehydes
... and 6) is possible without loss in efficiency or enantiocontrol (6088% yield, 97-99% ee). Notably, these mild reaction conditions allow the use of electron-rich π-systems which are typically prone to oxidative degradation. For example, enamine oxidation to access enantio-enriched R-oxyaldehydes can ...
... and 6) is possible without loss in efficiency or enantiocontrol (6088% yield, 97-99% ee). Notably, these mild reaction conditions allow the use of electron-rich π-systems which are typically prone to oxidative degradation. For example, enamine oxidation to access enantio-enriched R-oxyaldehydes can ...
W19 Aldehydes ketones I
... nucleophilic addition of phosphorus ylides oxidation of aldehydes and ketones ...
... nucleophilic addition of phosphorus ylides oxidation of aldehydes and ketones ...
Ethers and Epoxides
... • Creates reagents that are free of water that have useful properties • Inorganic salts dissolve in organic solvents leaving the anion unassociated, enhancing reactivity ...
... • Creates reagents that are free of water that have useful properties • Inorganic salts dissolve in organic solvents leaving the anion unassociated, enhancing reactivity ...
Today Kinetics How fast are reactions? What are the rates?
... Compares Free energy of reactants and products This is the ideal case assuming everything can find its lowest energy state (time is irrelevant) ...
... Compares Free energy of reactants and products This is the ideal case assuming everything can find its lowest energy state (time is irrelevant) ...
Microsoft Word
... o-Aminophenol (2-hydroxy aniline) is an important intermediate for the manufacture of dyes, drugs and pesticides. It is manufactured by catalytic liquid phase hydrogenation of o-nitrophenol. The most commonly used catalysts for the hydrogenation process are Raney nickel and supported palladium (most ...
... o-Aminophenol (2-hydroxy aniline) is an important intermediate for the manufacture of dyes, drugs and pesticides. It is manufactured by catalytic liquid phase hydrogenation of o-nitrophenol. The most commonly used catalysts for the hydrogenation process are Raney nickel and supported palladium (most ...
Addition Reactions of Carbonyls Part 1
... Because electrophilic addition to a carbonyl group is reactantfavoured, whenever we see a gem-diol (two –OH groups on one carbon) or a carbon atom with a –OH group and a halogen attached, we expect it to collapse to a carbonyl group: H O C ...
... Because electrophilic addition to a carbonyl group is reactantfavoured, whenever we see a gem-diol (two –OH groups on one carbon) or a carbon atom with a –OH group and a halogen attached, we expect it to collapse to a carbonyl group: H O C ...
Definitions You SHould Know
... A discontinuous spectrum shows only certain wavelengths of light which show as discrete lines or bands. (This is also known as a line or an emission spectrum.) ...
... A discontinuous spectrum shows only certain wavelengths of light which show as discrete lines or bands. (This is also known as a line or an emission spectrum.) ...
enzymatic And Limited Industrial Use
... A reaction that can proceed in more than one way to produce different products involving different carbon atoms, where one predominates. It is said to be regioselective. ...
... A reaction that can proceed in more than one way to produce different products involving different carbon atoms, where one predominates. It is said to be regioselective. ...
Common aldehydes and ketones
... Nonetheless, the enol form is important for some reactions. Furthermore, the deprotonated intermediate in the interconversion of the two forms, referred to as an enolate anion, is important in carbonyl chemistry, in large part because it is a strong nucleophile. ...
... Nonetheless, the enol form is important for some reactions. Furthermore, the deprotonated intermediate in the interconversion of the two forms, referred to as an enolate anion, is important in carbonyl chemistry, in large part because it is a strong nucleophile. ...
Woodward–Hoffmann rules
The Woodward–Hoffmann rules, devised by Robert Burns Woodward and Roald Hoffmann, are a set of rules in organic chemistry predicting the barrier heights of pericyclic reactions based upon conservation of orbital symmetry. The Woodward–Hoffmann rules can be applied to understand electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions (including cheletropic reactions), sigmatropic reactions, and group transfer reactions. Reactions are classified as allowed if the electronic barrier is low, and forbidden if the barrier is high. Forbidden reactions can still take place but require significantly more energy.The Woodward–Hoffmann rules were first formulated to explain the striking stereospecificity of electrocyclic reactions under thermal and photochemical control. Thermolysis of the substituted cyclobutene trans-1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclobutene (1) gave only one diastereomer, the (E,E)-3,4-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene (2) as shown below; the (Z,Z) and the (E,Z) diastereomers were not detected in the reaction. Similarly, thermolysis of cis-1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclobutene (3) gave only the (E,Z) diastereomer (4).Due to their elegance and simplicity, the Woodward–Hoffmann rules are credited with first exemplifying the power of molecular orbital theory to experimental chemists. Hoffmann was awarded the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this work, shared with Kenichi Fukui who developed a similar model using frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory; because Woodward had died two years before, he was not eligible to win what would have been his second Nobel Prize for Chemistry.