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02Biology of the brain
02Biology of the brain

... • Broca’s area is involved with socializing and helps everyone talk to one another. • The hippocampus is involved with socializing and helps everyone form immediate and long-term memories of the evening. • The hypothalamus is involved with eating pizza and lets everyone know if they are hungry or f ...
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... nervous system 2) There are more neurons in the brain then there are stars in the Milky Way galaxy 3) The left side of the body is controlled by the right side of the brain and vice-versa 4) The brain reaches maturity at around 25 years of age. The endocrine system also controls and regulates some b ...
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Day 4 - Scott County Schools

... shape that lets it pass electrical signals to and from other cells. A neuron has three main parts: cell body, dendrites, and axon. The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles that carry out basic cellular processes. Dendrites receive nerve impulses from other cells. A single neuron may h ...
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Biology of the Mind Powerpoint

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Biology of Mind

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Neurotoxin



Neurotoxins are substances that are poisonous or destructive to nerve tissue. Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological insults that can adversely affect function in both developing and mature nervous tissue. The term can also be used to classify endogenous compounds, which, when abnormally contact, can prove neurologically toxic. Though neurotoxins are often neurologically destructive, their ability to specifically target neural components is important in the study of nervous systems. Common examples of neurotoxins include lead, ethanol (drinking alcohol), Manganese glutamate, nitric oxide (NO), botulinum toxin (e.g. Botox), tetanus toxin, and tetrodotoxin. Some substances such as nitric oxide and glutamate are in fact essential for proper function of the body and only exert neurotoxic effects at excessive concentrations.Neurotoxins inhibit neuron control over ion concentrations across the cell membrane, or communication between neurons across a synapse. Local pathology of neurotoxin exposure often includes neuron excitotoxicity or apoptosis but can also include glial cell damage. Macroscopic manifestations of neurotoxin exposure can include widespread central nervous system damage such as intellectual disability, persistent memory impairments, epilepsy, and dementia. Additionally, neurotoxin-mediated peripheral nervous system damage such as neuropathy or myopathy is common. Support has been shown for a number of treatments aimed at attenuating neurotoxin-mediated injury, such as antioxidant, and antitoxin administration.
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