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Cow DNA: How DNA Controls the Workings of the Cell
Cow DNA: How DNA Controls the Workings of the Cell

... The normal gene reads T A G. What amino acid does the mutant DNA and the normal DNA code for and will the person with this mutation be diabetic? ...
answers to review questions chapter 1
answers to review questions chapter 1

... pain and statins is a gene expression study. 6. The insurer is correct, because GINA does not presently cover life insurance. 7. a. health care consumers will not be denied health insurance based on the results of genetic testing. b. employers will benefit by clarification and extension of existing ...
Question 1
Question 1

... 6a. The water molecules are all located along the hydrophilic edges of the bases in the major and minor grooves or are interacting with the charged and polar sugar phosphate backbone. The waters are expelled from the hydrophobic interior of the DNA double helix which are occupied by the hydrophobic ...
Replication of DNA.
Replication of DNA.

... Chapter 26: Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids. Nucleic acids are the third class of biopolymers (polysaccharides and proteins being the others). Two major classes of nucleic acids deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): carrier of genetic information ribonucleic acid (RNA): an intermediate in the exp ...
code sequence practice
code sequence practice

... Transcription – making mRNA from DNA 2. If this is your original DNA strand, what is the mRNA sequence that is synthesized? DNA Strand: C A G T G C A T T mRNA strand: 3. Now go backwards, if you are given the following mRNA strand, write the DNA strand that goes with it. mRNA strand: U C G A C C G A ...
Test Your Knowledge – Chapter 3 Name
Test Your Knowledge – Chapter 3 Name

... e. DNA and RNA. c. fatty acids. 13. Citric acid makes lemons taste sour. Which of the following is a functional group that would cause a molecule such as citric acid to be acidic? a. hydroxyl b. hydrocarbon c. amino d. carbonyl e. carboxyl 14. Which of the following ranks the molecules in the correc ...
File
File

... As shown in Figure 1, DNA looks like an incredibly long twisted ladder. This shape is called a double helix. The sides of the ladder are a linked chain of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules (called the backbone). The rungs connected to the sugar molecules are known as bases. ...
1 In Class Examples Protein Synthesis a) Enkephalins (penta
1 In Class Examples Protein Synthesis a) Enkephalins (penta

DNA Jeopardy Review
DNA Jeopardy Review

... Where does translation occur and what site, E, P or A, does tRNA grow an amino acid chain through peptide bonding? ...
Protein Synthesis Test Review
Protein Synthesis Test Review

... 1. What is a mutation? __A change in the genetic sequence. ___________________________ 2. What is a point mutation? __One nucleotide gets changed.___________________ 3. What is another name for point mutation? __Substitution___________________________ 4. What is an insertion mutation? ___One or more ...
Mark scheme - biologypost
Mark scheme - biologypost

... Difficulty of finding one gene among all the genes in the nucleus / large amounts of mRNA coding for insulin will be present in insulin producing cells / idea that mRNA will be ‘edited’ ...
Concentration of solutes and solvent in a solution
Concentration of solutes and solvent in a solution

... o Different functions of lipids:  function as long-term energy storage molecules  function as structural molecules-in cell membranes (phospholipids and cholesterol) Nucleic acids: o nucleotides, subunits of nucleotides o DNA and RNA o Store genetic information o Central dogma of molecular biology: ...
Organic Molecules Worksheet:
Organic Molecules Worksheet:

... Organic molecules have four common characteristics. First, they are all carbon based, meaning they all contain carbon. They are formed from just a few elements that join together to form small molecules that join together, or bond, to form large molecules. The third characteristic of all organic mol ...
dna-and-protein-synthesis-blog-post
dna-and-protein-synthesis-blog-post

... 1. Explain the structure of DNA – use the terms nucleotides, antiparallel strands, and complimentary base pairing. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), is a large molecule that controls cells activities and has the instructions on how to build proteins. The monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotides, and a s ...
5. Nucleic Acids-Structure, Central Dogma – Bio 20
5. Nucleic Acids-Structure, Central Dogma – Bio 20

...  SSB (single-stranded DNA-binding proteins) – binds to the unwound strands, preventing re-annealing ...
F4-6 Gene Regulation and Mutation Ch12,13
F4-6 Gene Regulation and Mutation Ch12,13

... regulatory gene and 3 enzyme genes to control lac digestion 3. When lactose is present: a. Regulatory gene’s repressor protein inactivated b. RNA then allowed to begin transcription c. Enzymes are created to digest lactose 4. When lactose gone a. Regulatory gene’s repressor protein activated b. RNA ...
Study Guide for Understanding the Concept of Protein Synthesis
Study Guide for Understanding the Concept of Protein Synthesis

... Transfer RNA (tRNA) acts as a "taxi" by which the "escort" ribosomes take the amino acids and position them into place as Ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Step #5: Ribosomes: From the rRNA, the amino acids continue their journey within the cytoplasm, resting on "floating" ribosomes or on the Rough ER. These ri ...
molecular biology review sheet
molecular biology review sheet

... 6. Name the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA. Which are pyrimidines? Which are purines? Describe how pyrimidines and purines look different from each other, and how they were important in determining DNA structure. 7. What are the bonding rules for DNA nitrogenous bases? Whose research was most r ...
Genetics
Genetics

... Relate the concept of the gene to the sequences of nucleotides in DNA Sequence the steps involving protein synthesis Categorize the different kinds of mutations that can occur in DNA Compare the effects of different kinds of mutations on cells and organisms. ...
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false

... 1. A trait is a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another. _________________________ ...
File - Ms. Wilson`s Biology Class
File - Ms. Wilson`s Biology Class

... 5. About how many bases would a real mRNA molecule have? ____________________ 6. What is mRNA short for? _______________________________ 7. Where does the mRNA go now? ____________________________________________ 8. What does the mRNA attach to? ___________________________________________ When you t ...
Instructional Objectives—DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
Instructional Objectives—DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis

... Describe the importance of each of the following molecules during protein synthesis? DNAmRNAtRNARibosomesObjective 12:Given a DNA sequence transcribe it into mRNA and determine the amino acid sequence that will be produced during translation.  Transcribe the following strand of DNA into mRNA. Then ...
analysis
analysis

... 2. To obtain single-stranded DNA, the DNA to be sequenced is cloned into a singlestranded DNA virus a) Most commonly used single-stranded DNA virus is M13 B. Four reaction mixtures 1. DNA template a) Provides the bases to be sequenced 2. Primer a) An oligonucleotide provides a 3'-OH group to which D ...
Gene Expression Worksheet
Gene Expression Worksheet

... 2. Where does the replication of DNA occur inside the cell and what part of the cell cycle? ...
File - RBV Honors Biology 2016-2017
File - RBV Honors Biology 2016-2017

... Explain why cells don’t just continue to grow larger as organisms grow larger. Describe the three functions of cell division. Explain what cancer is and describe two characteristics of cancer. What is Meiosis? What are the two main functions of Meiosis? How are Mitosis and Meiosis alike and differen ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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